{"text_format":"2","workbook":"xlsx","n_sheets":7,"sheets":["Instructions_Comments","MP_PicoPV","MP_SHS","MP_Pump","Warranties","Frequent Malfunctions","Protocols"],"not_rendered":{"charts":0,"images":0,"macros":0,"external_links":0,"defined_names":0,"comments":0,"pivot_tables":0},"unopened":[],"bounds":{"document_bytes":16777216,"sheet_cells":100000,"run_cost":"one","rows_first":2000,"rows_last":500,"rows_between":2000,"halvings":0,"cell_chars":16384,"cell_head_chars":4096},"cells_cut":0,"cells_raw":0,"read":"whole","date_system":"1900"}

{"sheet":"Instructions_Comments","index":0,"n_rows":11,"n_cols":3,"rows_kept":11,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
[]
[null,"Instructions"]
[null,"Maintenance Plan for Off-grid Solar PV Solutions"]
[]
[null,"Worksheet","Description"]
[null,"MP_PicoPV","Maintenance plan for Pico PV systems  (<10W to 15W)"]
[null,"MP_SHS","Maintenance plan for Solar PV systems (10W - 350W)"]
[null,"MP_Pump","Maintenance plan for Solar Water Pump (SWP) System "]
[null,"Warranties","Typical warranty terms for Pico PV, Solar Home Systems (including component based and street lights), and Solar Water Pumps"]
[null,"Frequent Malfunctions","List of frequent malfunctions disaggregated by application, cause, maintenance action and resources required to complete recommended action"]
[null,"Protocols","This tab contains information applicable to all the applications, consisting of the following tables:-\n- Procedures for Testing: Complimentary to 'Frequent Malfunctions' worksheet, indicating procedures for component testing\n- Technician Toolkit, listing O&M equipment for all fundamental procedures\n- Description of 'Skilled Solar PV Technician'"]

{"sheet":"MP_PicoPV","index":1,"n_rows":28,"n_cols":10,"rows_kept":28,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[4,8,5,8],[4,9,5,9]]}
[null,"Maintenance Plan"]
[null,"Pico PV "]
[null,"Applications Covered: \nPico Solar PV Systems (<10W to 15W)\n"]
["Sl. No.","System / Component","Type of Maintenance","Tasks","Required expertise","Required equipment","Frequency of action","Importance","Source","Source Link"]
[1,"PV Panels","Preventive / best practice for use","Charge the solar panels everyday, even if it is cloudy. Solar panels should be placed in the sun for 6-8 hours of direct sunlight (facing the sun) per day for a full charge. Some companies recommend 2 full days of sun of to charge their product for the first time use.","Owner / User","None","During first installation. The task can be reviwed after observing for a few days of operation.","High","1. Festive Lights, 2014: 8 things to do if your solar powered lights aren’t working\n\n2. SF Gate: How to Troubleshoot Solar LED Lanterns\n\n3. Sherries Estates, 2020: How to care for Solar lights","1. Festive Lights: https://www.festive-lights.com/8-things-to-do-if-your-solar-lights-arent-working\n\n2. SF Gate: https://homeguides.sfgate.com/troubleshoot-solar-led-lanterns-34614.html\n\n3. Sherries Estates https://sherriesestates.com/garden-blog/how-to-care-for-solar-lights/"]
[2,"PV Panels","Preventive / best practice for use","Check for new shading elements that may prevent the panels from charging during the day. Solar lights for outdoor use should have been installed in a position to receive as much direct sunlight as possible. If there is a new shading element, change the position of the solar light. ","Owner / User","Usually portable, maybe a screwdriver for mechanically secured systems","Weekly","Medium"]
[3,"PV Panels","Preventive / best practice for use","Keep the panels dry and clean free of dirt and dust","Owner / User","Cleaning cloth ","Daily","Medium","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[4,"Lamp / bulb","Preventive / best practice for use","Do not keep the panels in a dusty / sandy area. Keep the lamps free of dirt and dust to allow proper illumination. Wipe clean with a soft cloth, and make sure it is dry.","Owner / User","Cleaning cloth ","Daily","Medium","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[5,"Batteries","Preventive / best practice for use","Do not leave the system (panels) exposed outdoors when it is not charging or when it is fully charged. Some products may not be protected against overcharging, and this can affect battery performance.","Owner / User","None","Daily","Medium","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[6,"System","Preventive / best practice for use","Keep the system away from hot surfaces and fire","Owner / User","None","Daily","High","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[7,"Batteries","Preventive / best practice for use","Use the lights for at least 4 hours after a full charge, to efficiently use the batteries","Owner / User","None","Daily","Medium","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[8,"Batteries","Preventive / best practice for use","Charge the mobile phone during the day, when the panel is facing the sun (also charging), to maximise battery usage.","Owner / User","None","When used","Medium","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[9,"System","Preventive / best practice for use","Do not open the solar product or try to repair internal components, like the Printed Circuit Board (PCB). In case of malfunction or breakage, contact a Skilled technician or a company representative","Owner / User","None","When used","High","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[10,"System","Preventive / best practice for use","Do not leave solar system outside in the rain","Owner / User","None","When used","Medium","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[11,"System","Preventive / best practice for use","Turn the light off during charging. If you are not sure of the switch position, put the panel under the sun and check the light after 20 minutes.","Owner / User","None","When used","High","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[12,"Cables and Wires","Preventive / best practice for use","Check for any loose connections through visual inspection. Secure these loose connections using electrical safety gloves. In case of burnt or damaged cables, call a qualitifed technician for maintenance","Owner / User","Safety gloves","When the system has been displaced or not functioning optimally","High","Health and Safety\nExecutive (UK), 2013: Maintaining portable electric\nequipment in low-risk\nenvironments","https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg236.pdf"]
[13,"Components/ Whole System","Best practice for use","- Contact customer support to attempt product/component replacement. \n- If repair not possible, request replacement\n- If replacement not diserable, arrange return of damaged / dysfunctional product to company.\n- If return to company not possible, give the system / component to electronic/chemical recycling companies in the neigborhood \n- If no recycling companies are available, dispose off safely as 'electronic and chemical' waste, as per local municipality / government guidelines.","Owner / User","None","Single time, if component / system becomes dysfunctional","-","GOGLA, 2020","https://www.gogla.org/e-waste"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Sl. No.","Cost of Maintenance","Downpayment (per customer)","Per month (advertised per customer)","Comments","Source","Source Link"]
[1,"Report showing disaggregation of stand-alone solar businesses into different stages of growth, conducted by SE4ALL, 2019",null,null,"Since O&M cost is included in the financial model, the monthly repayment may be considered as contributing to these costs. For clarity, downpayment assumptions in the report are also listed.","SE4ALL, 2019","https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2019-11/EF-2019-TP-SEforALL-w.pdf"]
[null,"Tier 1 (minimum 3W) - Lanterns","$4 ","$3.3"]
[null,"Tier 1 (minimum 3W) - Multi-Light Point System","$10","$7.5"]
[2,"Greenlight Planet, for Sun King products","Distributor dependent","Distributor dependent","Post warranty costs depend on service center charges, not specified centrally","Sun King HOME 60 and HOME 120 user manuals","https://www.greenlightplanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Home-120-Manual_India-English-CTC-Converted.pdf\n\nhttps://www.greenlightplanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Home-60-Manual-English.pdf"]

{"sheet":"MP_SHS","index":2,"n_rows":35,"n_cols":10,"rows_kept":35,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[25,0,27,0],[25,1,27,1],[25,8,27,8],[25,9,27,9],[4,8,5,8],[4,9,5,9],[16,1,23,1],[16,8,23,8],[16,9,23,9]]}
[null,"Maintenance Plan"]
[null,"Solar Home Systems"]
[null,"Applications Covered: \nSolar Home Systems, including Component Based (10W - 350W)"]
["Sl. No.","System / Component","Type of Maintenance","Tasks","Required expertise","Required equipment","Frequency of action","Importance","Source","Source Link"]
[1,"PV Panels","Preventive / best practice for use","Charge the solar panels everyday, even if it is cloudy. Solar panels should be placed in the sun for 6-8 hours of direct sunlight (facing the sun) per day for a full charge. Some companies recommend 2 full days of sun of to charge their product for the first time use.","Owner / User","None","During first installation. The task can be reviwed after observing for a few days of operation.","High","1. Festive Lights, 2014: 8 things to do if your solar powered lights aren’t working\n\n2. SF Gate: How to Troubleshoot Solar LED Lanterns\n\n3. Sherries Estates, 2020: How to care for Solar lights","1. Festive Lights: https://www.festive-lights.com/8-things-to-do-if-your-solar-lights-arent-working\n\n2. SF Gate: https://homeguides.sfgate.com/troubleshoot-solar-led-lanterns-34614.html\n\n3. Sherries Estates https://sherriesestates.com/garden-blog/how-to-care-for-solar-lights/"]
[2,"PV Panels","Preventive / best practice for use","Check for new shading elements that may prevent the panels from charging during the day. Solar lights for outdoor use should have been installed in a position to receive as much direct sunlight as possible. If there is a new shading element, change the position of the solar light. ","Owner / User","Usually portable, maybe a screwdriver for mechanically secured systems","Weekly","Medium"]
[3,"PV Panels","Preventive / best practice for use","Keep the panels dry and clean free of dirt and dust","Owner / User","Cleaning cloth ","Daily","Medium","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[4,"Lamp / bulb","Preventive / best practice for use","Do not keep the panels in a dusty / sandy area. Keep the lamps free of dirt and dust to allow proper illumination. Wipe clean with a soft cloth, and make sure it is dry.","Owner / User","Cleaning cloth ","Daily","Medium","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[5,"Batteries","Preventive / best practice for use","Do not leave the system (panels) exposed outdoors when it is not charging or when it is fully charged. Some products may not be protected against overcharging, and this can affect battery performance.","Owner / User","None","Daily","Medium","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[6,"System","Preventive / best practice for use","Keep the system away from hot surfaces and fire","Owner / User","None","Daily","High","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[7,"Batteries","Preventive / best practice for use","Use the lights for at least 4 hours after a full charge, to efficiently use the batteries","Owner / User","None","Daily","Medium","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[8,"Batteries","Preventive / best practice for use","Charge the mobile phone during the day, when the panel is facing the sun (also charging), to maximise battery usage.","Owner / User","None","When used","Medium","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[9,"System","Preventive / best practice for use","Do not open the solar product or try to repair internal components, like the Printed Circuit Board (PCB). In case of malfunction or breakage, contact a Skilled technician or a company representative","Owner / User","None","When used","High","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[10,"System","Preventive / best practice for use","Do not leave solar system outside in the rain","Owner / User","None","When used","Medium","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[11,"System","Preventive / best practice for use","Turn the light off during charging. If you are not sure of the switch position, put the panel under the sun and check the light after 20 minutes.","Owner / User","None","When used","High","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[12,"Cables and Wires","Preventive / best practice for use","Check for any loose connections through visual inspection. Secure these loose connections using electrical safety gloves. In case of burnt or damaged cables, call a qualitifed technician for maintenance","Owner / User","Safety gloves","When the system has been displaced or not functioning optimally","High","Health and Safety\nExecutive (UK), 2013: Maintaining portable electric\nequipment in low-risk\nenvironments","https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg236.pdf"]
[13,"Battery Box (in Solar Home Systems)","Preventive","Keep the battery box and the appliances clean.","Owner / User","None","Weekly / Every 2 weeks","Medium","(i) Fosera's Li-Ion Solar Home System PSHS \n\n(ii) Baobab+ and Angaza (Pay-as-you-go)\n\n(iii) Sun King HOME 120 user manual\n\n(iv) Greenlight Planet: Lithium Ferro Phosphate (LFP) batteries which don’t need to be replaced for almost five years: ","(i) https://fosera.com/fileadmin/content/03_DOWNLOADS/User_Manuals/PSHS/PAK-00XXX_User_Manual_fosera_PSHS_V6_Rev04.pdf\n\n(ii) https://en.baobabplus.com/pay-as-you-go\n\n(iii) https://www.greenlightplanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Home-120-Manual_India-English-CTC-Converted.pdf\n\n(iv) https://www.greenlightplanet.com/frequently-asked-questions/"]
[null,null,"Preventive","Make sure that the battery box and appliances are not exposed to liquids. ","Owner / User","None","Always","High"]
[null,null,"Preventive","Protect the battery box from rain and direct sunlight. Indoor use only.\n","Owner / User","None","Always","High"]
[null,null,"Preventive","The battery has to be replaced after several years of usage. This should be done by an authorized technician.","Skilled Technician","Technician Toolkit, Battery removal and installation Toolkit and replacement battery ","End of life (5-7 years)","High"]
[null,null,"Preventive","Ensure that the product functions at the ideal temperature range as specified by the solar provider. ","Owner / User","None","Always","Medium"]
[null,null,"Repair","If the cables are damaged, make sure that they are repaired or replaced. Use the manufacturer provided cables, or call a company assigned service technician.","Owner / User, or Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","When damaged","Medium"]
[null,null,"Preventive","Do not use loads and appliances that are not designed or certified for the system (except for the USB port)","Owner / User","None","Always","High"]
[null,null,"Preventive","Do not charge the batteries with panels which are not compatible (for example, from a different provider / manufacturer). In case it is compatible with other solar panel brands, these would be specified in the user manual provided with the solar system.","Owner / User","None","Always","High"]
[14,"Other Components like fan, televisinon, radio, refrigerator etc. offered with the Solar Home System","-","Follow Instructions from manufacturer of respective componentor call service technician.","Owner / User or Skilled technician, as applicable","None","-","-"]
[15,"Solar Street Lights, including following variations:\n\nCapacities:\n10W to 20W range - Basic design, only powering the lamp, maybe with battery backup\n25W-320 W range - Internet-of-Things (IOT) solutions such as WiFi, sensors, security camera, etc. \n","Preventive","Clean the panels to remove dust, debris such as bird droppings or leaves and twigs from vegetation, and snow (where applicable). Usually this is not required too often, since the rain can wash away dust from the panels","Owner / User","Body safety harness (for working on heigts), cleaning cloth, wet sponge","Location dependent:\n\nOnce in 3 months (dusty and dry weather)\nOnce a year (moderate dust and rain available)\nAfter first snow (when applicable)","Medium","Luxman Light, 2019\n\nTapetum, 2021","https://www.luxmanlight.com/how-to-maintain-all-in-one-solar-street-lights/\n\nhttps://tapetum.in/blogs/solar/maintenance-of-solar-lights"]
[null,null,"Repair / best practice for use","Replace batteries","Skilled Technician","Battery removal and installation Toolkit, replacement battery and body harness (working on heights)","Once in 5 years","High"]
[null,null,"Preventive","If the location of the street light is close to the seaside with exposure to salt corrosion and high salt fog, make sure to check the installation bracket, and remove this with a non-abrasive brush","Owner / User","Non-abrasive brush, cleaning cloth and body harness (working on heights)","Yearly","Medium"]
[16,"Components/ Whole System (others)","Best practice for use","- Contact customer support to attempt product/component replacement. \n- If repair not possible, request replacement\n- If replacement not diserable, arrange return of damaged / dysfunctional product to company.\n- If return to company not possible, give the system / component to electronic/chemical recycling companies in the neigborhood \n- If no recycling companies are available, dispose off safely as 'electronic and chemical' waste, as per local municipality / government guidelines.","Owner / User","None","Single time, if component / system becomes dysfunctional","-","GOGLA, 2020","https://www.gogla.org/e-waste"]
[]
["Sl. No.","Cost of Maintenance","Downpayment (per customer)","Per month (advertised per customer)","Comments","Source","Source Link"]
[1,"Report showing disaggregation of stand-alone solar businesses into different stages of growth, conducted by SE4ALL, 2019",null,null,"Since O&M cost is included in the financial model, the monthly repayment may be considered as contributing to these costs. For clarity, downpayment assumptions in the report are also listed.","SE4ALL, 2019","https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2019-11/EF-2019-TP-SEforALL-w.pdf"]
[null,"Tier 2 (minimum 50W) - Multi-Light Point System","$25","$12.5"]
[null,"Tier 3 (minimum 200W) - Multi-Light Point System","$100","$25"]
[2,"Greenlight Planet, for Sun King products","Distributor dependent","Distributor dependent","Post warranty costs depend on service center charges, not specified centrally","Sun King HOME 60 and HOME 120 user manuals","https://www.greenlightplanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Home-120-Manual_India-English-CTC-Converted.pdf\n\nhttps://www.greenlightplanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Home-60-Manual-English.pdf"]

{"sheet":"MP_Pump","index":3,"n_rows":118,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":118,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[65,0,68,0],[65,1,68,1],[65,2,68,2],[77,1,79,1],[77,2,79,2],[69,0,73,0],[69,1,73,1],[69,2,73,2],[74,0,76,0],[74,1,76,1],[74,2,76,2],[77,0,79,0],[51,0,54,0],[55,0,59,0],[60,0,64,0],[60,1,64,1],[60,2,64,2],[27,0,29,0],[30,0,31,0],[32,0,39,0],[40,0,43,0],[44,0,50,0],[55,1,59,1],[55,2,59,2],[27,1,29,1],[27,2,29,2],[30,1,31,1],[30,2,31,2],[32,1,39,1],[32,2,39,2],[40,2,43,2],[40,1,43,1],[44,1,50,1],[44,2,50,2],[51,1,54,1],[51,2,54,2],[3,0,15,0],[3,1,15,1],[3,2,9,2],[10,2,15,2],[16,1,26,1],[16,2,22,2],[23,2,26,2],[16,0,26,0],[99,1,101,1],[99,2,101,2],[117,1,117,2],[92,0,94,0],[92,1,94,1],[92,2,94,2],[96,0,98,0],[96,1,98,1],[96,2,98,2],[99,0,101,0],[90,1,91,1],[90,2,91,2],[80,0,82,0],[80,1,82,1],[80,2,82,2],[87,0,89,0],[87,1,89,1],[87,2,89,2],[90,0,91,0]]}
[null,"Maintenance Plan"]
[null,"Solar Pumps"]
["Sl. No.","System / Component","Type of maintenance","Tasks","Required expertise","Required equipment","Frequency of action","Importance"]
[1,"PV Modules","Regular Inspection and preventive care","Check solar array for any immediate needs\n-Leaves or sticks that have been blown\nor fallen onto the panels.\n-Bird droppings or major dirt build-up\n-Breakages from storms or other means\n-Wiring","Owner / User","None","Daily","Recommended"]
[null,null,null,"Check for a source of shade on the panels, such as vegetation or structures. Trim or remove any vegetation around the solar panels as well as any structures that will block sunlight","Owner / User","Prunning shears / Hand shears","Weekly","Best Practice"]
[null,null,null,"Check area around solar panels for rubbish, debris, and spider webs or any other insect nesting. Remove and dispose of rubbish and debris. Carefully remove webs and nests.","Owner / User","Cleaning cloth","Weekly","Best Practice"]
[null,null,null,"Wash panels: Do during early hours when it is not yet hot. Use a soft sponge and water only.","Owner / User","Non-abrasave, sponge and soap water","Weekly","Best Practice"]
[null,null,null,"Check for cracks in the panel. If present, request technical support.","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best Practice"]
[null,null,null,"Check for exposed or loose or disconnected wiring. Check for any damage from rodents or animals. If present, request technical support.","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best Practice"]
[null,null,null,"Check if the panel mounting is strong and well attached. Check for cracks or any other signs of weakening. If present, request technical support.","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best Practice"]
[null,null,"Preventive Maintenance","Integrity inspection and replacement","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Mandatory"]
[null,null,null,"Check cleanliness of modules","Skilled Technician","None","Yearly","Mandatory"]
[null,null,null,"Electrical measurement inspections","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Mandatory"]
[null,null,null,"Thermography inspection","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Recommended"]
[null,null,null,"Checking clamps/bolts panel structure","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Mandatory"]
[null,null,null,"Internal inspection of junction boxes","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Recommended"]
[2,"Controllers / inverters","Preventive Maintenance","Integrity check and cleaning","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Semi-annually or Yearly","Mandatory"]
[null,null,null,"Document inspection","Skilled Technician","None","Yearly","Best Practice"]
[null,null,null,"Check labelling and identification","Skilled Technician","None","Yearly","Mandatory"]
[null,null,null,"Check correct operation (on/off) by operator","Skilled Technician","None","Semi-annually or Yearly","Mandatory"]
[null,null,null,"Check fuses and surge protections","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Mandatory"]
[null,null,null,"Thermographic inspection","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Best Practice"]
[null,null,null,"Sensor functional verification","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Mandatory"]
[null,null,"Regular inspection and preventive care","Check any warning lights or alarms :Low water level in the well, Intrusion, Power outage, Pump failure, Low pressure ","Owner / User","None","Daily","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Record electrical power","Owner / User"," Technician Toolkit ","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Read pressure guage","Owner / User"," Technician Toolkit ","Daily","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Read volt and ampere meters","Owner / User"," Technician Toolkit ","Daily","Best practice"]
[3,"Pump","Regular inspection and preventive care","Check and dispose of rubbish and debris in area around the pump","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Check if pump or discharge piping is leaking and request technical help to fix it ","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Check pump pressure when running and request technical support if there is chnage from normal in pressure.","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[4,"Pumphouse/Pump enclosure","Regular inspection and preventive care","Check and repair crack found in the enclosure with cement .","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Lock enclosure and/or repair locking hardware ","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[5,"Electrical boards and switches","Preventive Maintenance","Integrity check and cleaning","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Semi - annually or Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"Check labelling and identification","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"Electrical protection (including fuses, surge and others) visual and functional tests","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"Checking integrity of cables and state of terminals","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Semi - annually or Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"Measurement inspection","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Thermography inspection","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Recommendation"]
[null,null,null,"Check cable tightening","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"Monitoring operation test","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Best practice"]
[6,"Cables ( DC and AC)","Preventive Maintenance","Integrity inspection","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Semi - annually or Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"Check labelling and identification","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"Check cable terminals","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"Measurement inspection","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Best practice"]
[7,"Control box/ Inverter","Preventive Maintenance","Integrity check and cleaning","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Semi - annually or Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"Document inspection","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Check labelling and identification","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"Check correct operation (on/off) by operator","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Semi - annually or Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"Check fuses and surge","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"Thermographic inspection","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Sensor funcational verification","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[8,"Generator (for energy back-up or in hybrid systems)","Preventive Maintenance","Integrity check and cleaning","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"General maintenance","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"Check correct operation","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"Replacement of filters","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","As required*\nE.g. for Perkins, replacement should be done 250 hours for the first operation, and then 500 hours for each operation after that.","Best practice"]
[9,"Pressure Lines","Regular inspection and preventive care","Bury  pipes if they are found exposed","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Request technical support if valves are leaking","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Request technical support if pipes are leaking","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Request technical support if connections are leaking","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Request technical support if valves are stuck(cannot be moves), loose, or missing","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[10,"Tank","Regular inspection and preventive care","Replace the tank lid if it is missing, request technical support to fix the lid or place a purchase order for new lid","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Request technical support if the tank is cracked or leaking","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Request technical support if connections to the tank are leaking","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Request techncial support if the tank stand (support) is damaged in any way","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Request techncial support if the tank is leaning","Owner / User","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[11,"Distribution line","Regular inspection and preventive care","Bury pipes if they are exposed","Owner/user","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Tighten the valve if found leaking or loose,remove valve and replace gasket or replace enture valve if leaking continues","Owner/user","Plumbing wrench","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Tighten the fitting if pipes/connections are leaking.Request technical support if leaking continues","Owner/user","Plumbing wrench","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Request techncial support if valves are stuck(cannot be moves), loose, or missing.","Owner/user","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[12,"Taps and standpipes","Regular inspection and preventive care","Tighten taps if found loose.","Owner/user","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Tighten tap is found leaking, replace gasket or entire tap if leaking continues","Owner/user","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Replace taps if stuck or blocked","Owner/user","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Replace tap/handles if handles are missing","Owner/user","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Straighten and construct support for tap stand or secure to existing support if standpipes are leaning or falling over","Owner/user","None","Weekly","Best practice"]
[13,"Lights and electrical sockets","Preventive Maintenance","Integrity check and cleaning","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"Check correct operation","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Check conformity to local security standards","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Best practice"]
[14,"Water supply system","Preventive Maintenance","Integrity inspection of pipeline and reservoir (if any)","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Semi - annually or Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"Check water meter correct operation","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Semi - annually or Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[null,null,null,"Check water readings are properly taken by operator","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Semi - annually or Yearly","Best practice"]
[15,"Bulk water meter","Regular inspection and preventive maintenancce","Read power consumption, if bulk water meter is not working","Owner/user","None","Daily","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Report functionality problems immediately","Owner/user","None","Daily","Best practice"]
[null,null,null,"Request for calibration if there are doubts about the accuracy of the reading or if the meter has not been calibrated for more than five years","Owner/user","None","Daily","Best practice"]
[16,"Lighting protection (if applicable)","Preventive Maintenance","Integrity inspection","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[17,"Fences and gates","Preventive Maintenance","Integrity inspection","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Yearly","Minimum requirement"]
[18,"Vegetation","Preventive Maintenance","Vegetation clearning","Owner/user","Cutting tools","According to local conditions","Quarterly,Semi-annually or Yearly"]
[19,"Drainage system","Preventive Maintenance","General cleaning","Owner/user","Cleaning tools","According to local conditions","Quarterly,Semi-annually or Yearly"]
[20,"Buildings","Preventive Maintenance","Integrity check and cleaning","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","According to local requirements"]
[null,null,null,"Documentation inspection","Skilled Technician","None","Best practice","Yearly"]
[null,null,null,"Check earthing","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Minimum requirement","Every 3 Years"]
[21,"Pv support structure","Preventive Maintenance","Integrity inspection","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Minimum requirement","Yearly"]
[null,null,null,"Check tightening","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Minimum requirement","Yearly"]
[22,"Irradiation sensors","Preventive Maintenance","Integrity check and cleaning","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","According to manufacturer specifications and local conditions","Quarterly"]
[null,null,null,"Calibration","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","According to manufacturer specifications and local conditions","Every 2 Years"]
[null,null,null,"Monitoring operation test","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","According to manufacturer specifications and local conditions","Yearly"]
[23,"Communication board/Remote monitoring","Preventive Maintenance","Functional communication check","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","Minimum requirement","Quarterly"]
[24,"Intrusion detection system","Preventive Maintenance","Integrity check and cleaning","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","According to manufacturer specifications ","Yearly"]
[null,null,null,"Functional verification of intrution detection","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","According to manufacturer specifications ","Yearly"]
[null,null,null,"Functional verification of alarms/cameras","Skilled Technician"," Technician Toolkit ","According to manufacturer specifications ","Quarterly"]
[25,"Stock of spare parts","Preventive Maintenance","Inventory of stock","Skilled Technician","None","Minimum requirements","Yearly"]
[null,null,null,"Visual inspection of stock conditions","Skilled Technician","None","Minimum requirements","Yearly"]
[null,null,null,"Stock replenishment","Skilled Technician","None","Minimum requirements","Quarterly"]
[]
[null,"This section is based on the following report published by Practical Action in 2020:"]
[null,"Kiprono, A W., Llario, A I., (2020) Solar Pumping for Water Supply:\nHarnessing solar power in humanitarian and development, Rugby, UK: Practical\nAction Publishing <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780447810>"]
[null,"Information about Generator fuel filter replacement: When to Replace Perkins Engine Oil Filter and Fuel Filter?\nStarlight Power, 2018: https://www.dieselgeneratortech.com/diesel-engines/when-to-replace-Perkins-engine-oil-filter-and-fuel-filter.html"]
[]
[null,"Examples of Replacement Cost of Components","Cost per Unit in USD"]
[null,"Solar pump and motor","$3000"]
[null,"Solar panel","$250 per panel"]
[null,"Controller","$1500"]
[null,"Water Meter","$500"]
[null,"PV switch","$450"]
[null,"Solar surge protector","$3000"]
[null,"Float switch","$250 "]
[null,"Pressure sensor","$400"]
[null,"Cabling","$1000"]
[null,"Based on Operating Manual for Lorentz Solar Pumps  published by Global Partners for Development in 2020: https://globalwater.osu.edu/files/WADA-Operator-Manual_GPFD-3.30.20-ENG.pdf"]

{"sheet":"Warranties","index":4,"n_rows":28,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":28,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[6,6,7,6],[6,7,7,7],[20,0,23,0],[20,1,23,1],[20,2,23,2],[20,3,23,3],[20,4,23,4],[20,5,23,5],[26,0,27,0],[26,1,27,1],[6,5,7,5]]}
["Sl. No.","Warranty for Pico PV and SHS","Type of Warranty","Usual warranty duration","Coverage","Not covered","Source","Source Link"]
[1,"Pico Solar PV Systems\n\nSunnyMoney \n(based on models SM100, S2, Pro2, Mobile and HP30)","Manufacturing warranty","Limited 2-year warranty","-This warranty covers manufacturing defects. If the product was purchased within the last two years and it is faulty it can be exchanged for a new product.\n-After the warranty period is finished and the product stops working there is no replacement. At this\npoint the user is encouraged to open the product and attempt to repair it, if one has the relevant skills. ","Any tampering of the product, which includes any attempted opening of the product or even the loosening of the screws voids the warranty","Solar Aid, 2021","https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf"]
[2,"IDCOL SHS Program","Manufacturing warranty (product), performance warranty","A range of minimum warranties are required for each component including at least 20 years for PV module power output, 3 or 5 years for batteries, and 3 years for charge controllers and LED lights.",null,null,"Lighting Global, 2014","https://www.lightingglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/SHS-QA-Comparison-LightingGlobal-and-IDCOL.pdf"]
[3,"Lighting Global Program","Manufacturing warranty (product and system), performance warranty","The minimum warranty period from the time of purchase by the end-user is at least:\n(i) 2 years for the main system, including the PV module, control box, cables and lights and the\nsystem battery. (Batteries included within appliances are only required to meet the 1-year warranty). The battery warranty is assumed to include a capacity retention figure of at least 80% at two years, benchmarked to the rated battery capacity.\n(ii) 1 year for all lighting appliances that include their own batteries (including pico-power lights), all non-lighting appliances, USB charging adaptors and similar accessories.","The warranty must cover, at a minimum, manufacturing defects that impede operation under normal use and protection from early component failure",null,"Lighting Global, 2014","https://www.lightingglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/SHS-QA-Comparison-LightingGlobal-and-IDCOL.pdf"]
[4,"Greenlight Planet: Sun King HOME 60, HOME 120, Pico SK121","Manufacturer's warranty","All Sun King™ products are covered under a limited 2-year warranty. If there is a manufacturing defect in the lamp, battery or solar panel, the product will be fully replaced.","Manufacturing defects","-Wear and tear or abuse of the product\n-If the product is tampered with in any way or opened by an unauthorized repair person\n-Underperformance due to natural variation in sunlight","Greenlight Planet","https://www.greenlightplanet.com/frequently-asked-questions/\n\nhttps://www.greenlightplanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Home-60-Manual-English.pdf\n\nhttps://www.greenlightplanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Home-120-Manual_India-English-CTC-Converted.pdf"]
[5,"Other Component Based SHS"]
[5.0999999999999996,"Battery box (technology dependent)","Product Warranty","3 years","-Guarantee that products are free from defects in material or workmanship","-Any consequential damage (caused by user) or damage that exceeds the value of the product\n-The warranty becomes invalid if the device is used other than intended by the manufacturer. \n-It does not cover failures caused by wrong installation or set up or unusual use. The warranty is also void in case of repairs by any unauthorized or untrained person.\n-Do not open the products; this will result in a loss of the warranty. ","(i) Fosera's Li-Ion Solar Home System PSHS \n\n(ii) Baobab+ and Angaza (Pay-as-you-go)","(i) https://fosera.com/fileadmin/content/03_DOWNLOADS/User_Manuals/PSHS/PAK-00XXX_User_Manual_fosera_PSHS_V6_Rev04.pdf\n\n(ii) https://en.baobabplus.com/pay-as-you-go"]
[5.2,"Remote control within PAYG systems (ability to operate the product by making small payments, using a SIM card or key-code system)","Product Warranty","1 year","-"]
[5.3,"Solar Street Lights, including following variations:\n\nCapacities:\n10W to 20W range - Basic design, only powering the lamp, maybe with battery backup\n25W-320 W range - Internet-of-Things (IOT) solutions such as WiFi, sensors, security camera, etc","System Warranty","2 years (sometimes 1 year)","-If incorporated at the planning stage of any project, costs of wiring, hardware, fittings, trenching etc are eliminated as well as their associated maintenance costs","-","Devidayal Solar Solutions, 2019\n\nIntellizion, 2019","https://ddsolar.in/home-page/all-in-one-solar-street-light/#\n\nhttps://www.intelizon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/INTELIZON_PRODUCT_MANUAL.pdf"]
[6,"Fans, televisino, radio, refrigerators, etc.","Depends on component manufacturer and provider","-","-","-Appliances, like radio, TV or fans are not included (respective manufacturer's warranty applicable, if available). The solar provider does not ensure this."]
[6.1,"Freecold Refrigerators ","Product warranty","1 year","-spare parts and labor included","-","Freecold","https://www.freecold.com/en/freecold-photovoltaic-solar-refrigeration/refrigerators-freezers/"]
[6.2,"UNICEF solar direct drive refrigerators and freezers","Supplier Warranty","2 years","Long Term Agreements (LTAs) are signed between UNICEF SD and suppliers, while stipulating the warranty conditions for Cold Chain products. During the warranty period, the supplier must repair goods whenever defects related to faulty equipment appear after delivery. The following is covered:\n• The Goods shall be new, factory packed and conform to the LTA requirements and specifications;\n• The Goods are free from defects in workmanship and materials;\n• The Goods are contained or packaged in a manner adequate to protect them; and\n• It has the personnel, experience, qualifications, facilities, financial resources and all other skills and resources to perform its obligations under the LTA","-","UNICEF Solar Direct Drive Refrigerators, 2020;\n\nUNICEF Cold Chain Procurement Guidelines, 2020","https://www.unicef.org/supply/media/6276/file/E003-solar-direct-drive-refrigerators-freezers.pdf\n\nhttps://www.unicef.org/supply/media/4311/file/General-Procurement-Guidelines-Cold-Chain.pdf"]
[6.3,"NIWA Solar's \n24\" Solar TV and 32\" Solar TV, Computer work station, radio",null,"1 year","-","-","NIWA Solar","https://niwasolar.com/energy-50w-windows-computer-intel-workstation-solar-system/"]
[]
[null,"The warranty information for Solar Pumps is based on the following report published by Practical Action in 2020:"]
[null,"Kiprono, A W., Llario, A I., (2020) Solar Pumping for Water Supply:\nHarnessing solar power in humanitarian and development, Rugby, UK: Practical\nAction Publishing <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780447810>"]
[]
[]
["Sl. No.","Solar Pumps","Type of Warranty","Usual warranty duration","Coverage","Not covered"]
[1,"Modules","Component warranty","10-year product warranty and 25 years power output guarantee based on light-induced degradation","- This warranty coveres against defective components or workmanship.                                                                                                                                                                               - Unless specifically mentioned in the warranty that these are covered onsite,then the products can be exchanged for new ones and the labour and costs of transport are excluded, that is, the equipment must be returned by the client to thesupplier/contractor for diagnosis of the problem.                                                                                                                                           - If installer needs to visit the site for diagnosis, the cost of the visit is charged to the client.","Repair/replacement of components damaged due to negligence or fault of the client , theft, or vandalism."]
[2,"Controller/inverters","Component warranty","2-5 years","- This warranty coveres against defective components or workmanship.","-Warranty void if third-party pumps used and if failure was found due to fault of installler where all costs are borne by the installer .\n\n-Warranty also does not cover damage due to : mishandling or abuse; failure to protext from weather exposure; failure to proetct from overheating due to sun exposure; failure to seal out insects, spider or rodents; lightning; flood or other acts of nature"]
[]
[]
[]
[3,"Pump and motor","Component warranty","2–5 years","- This warranty coveres against defective components or workmanship.","-Pump rotor/ Stator/Impeller/Pump are considered to be normally wearing parts, and are not covered under warranty.\n\n-Warranty doess not cover damage due to sand or abrasive silt in the water, mishandling or other abusive conditions, lighting or other acts of nature."]
[4,"All other balance of system components","Component warranty","1–2 years","- This warranty coveres against defective components or workmanship."]
[5,"System","Quality of installation and workmanship warranty","Typically within the first 6 months to 1 year","-This warranty commits the installer to provide backup support onsite, if the system develops a problem after installation.                                                                                                                   -Any Item which fails or are not installed to standard are corected and resolved onsite at cost to the supplier.                                                                                                                          -This warranty also covers issues arising from poor quality of instllation , which are dealt with onsite  at a cost to the supplier and this also covers corrosion of material used onsite like support structures.\n-Warranty covers only failures that are cuased by contractor fault, workmanship, or quality issues.","Repair/replacement of components damaged due to negligence or fault of the client , theft, or vandalism."]
[null,null,"System performance warranty","Several Years","-This warranty commits the supplier to ensure future system performance tests, when corrected back to design conditions will exceed the design performance.","Rarely encountered in humanitarian contexts"]

{"sheet":"Frequent Malfunctions","index":5,"n_rows":76,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":76,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[64,0,73,0],[71,1,71,3],[75,0,75,4],[37,0,56,0],[38,1,48,1],[51,1,53,1],[55,1,56,1],[58,0,62,0],[59,1,60,1],[61,1,62,1],[64,1,64,6],[1,0,35,0],[1,1,7,1],[1,2,2,2],[3,2,5,2],[6,2,7,2],[8,2,10,2],[14,2,15,2],[28,2,29,2],[32,2,33,2],[41,3,43,3],[42,5,43,5],[42,6,43,6],[11,1,13,1],[14,1,18,1],[8,1,10,1],[19,1,25,1],[26,1,34,1]]}
["Technology","Malfunction","Possible Cause","Check","Possible Remedy","Responsible","Equipment"]
["SOLAR    PUMPS","The pump does not start/run","Power supply to the pump has been cut off by the tank-full switch or dry-run protection","If the tank-full light is red","Tank is full – pump will come on with water use","Owner / User","None"]
[null,null,null,"If the source-low light is red","Pump will come on when source recharges","Owner / User","None"]
[null,null,"No or low power\ncoming from the PV generator","If the solar modules are clean","Clean the modules","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,null,"For failed connections ","Rectify insecure/unsealed wires, loose cable connections,\nfailed cable joints","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,null,"If wiring (series/ parallel) is correct ","Correct wrong wiring","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"No or low power\nreaching the controller","If accessories are correctly wired","Rectify wiring","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,null,"For failed connections","Rectify insecure/unsealed wires, loose cable connections, failed cable joints","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,"The pump light comes ON and OFF","Solar power is not strong enough for the\npump to run","If the panels are clean","Clean the modules","Owner / User","cleaning cloth, non-abrasive sponge "]
[null,null,null,"If there is a passing shadow","This does not indicate a problem. The pump should restart after normal delay","-","None"]
[null,null,null,"If the weather is overcast","Wait for the weather to improve","-","None"]
[null,"Pump ON light shows red instead of green due to system overload","Excessive pressure","If there is a restriction in the pipe such as a blocked pipe, closed valve","Remove restriction, open valve","Skilled Technician","None"]
[null,null,"Insufficient motor cooling","For high running current","Confirm pump position and match with installation / design guidelines","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"Blocked motor or pump","For high running current","Switch off the pump and call the system service provider/technician to rectify","Owner / User, followed by Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,"Pump attempts to start at intervals (will start to turn or just vibrate a little)","Insufficient power reaching the controller               ","If accessories are correctly wired","Rectify wiring","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,null,"For failed connections","Rectify insecure/unsealed wires, loose cable connections, failed cable joints","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"Pump is running in reverse direction","If phases are correctly connected","Rectify wiring","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"Motor is not getting power on all three phases","For loose connections","Tighten connections","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"Pump or pipe is blocked","If pipes or pump are packed with mud, sand, debris","Clean pump and pipes","Owner / User","Cleaning brush, cloth, and disposal bags for dirt removed"]
[null,"Pump runs but no water delivery","Surface valves are shut","If any valves are closed","Open all valves","Owner / User","None"]
[null,null,"Broken downpipe","Pipes by listening near borehole","Pull out the pump and replace worn out pipes","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"Insufficient irradiation to deliver water","If irradiation threshold is enough for water delivery","Wait for the weather to improve","-","None"]
[null,null,"Pump running in reverse direction","If phases are correctly connected","Rectify wiring","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"Non-return valve is stuck in closed position","Non-return valve","Clean or replace the valve","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"Suction strainer is blocked","If the strainer is clogged due to debris / mud","Pull out the pump and clean the strainer","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"Pump/motor coupling broken","For low running current","Switch off the pump and call the system service provider/technician","Owner / User","None"]
[null,"Pump runs but there is lower water delivery than expected","Leaking downpipe or delivery pipe","Pipes by listening near borehole for leakages in surface pipes","Replace worn-out pipes and fittings","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"Source water level too low","If flow is intermittent and if motor current is low","Wait for source to recharge","-","None"]
[null,null,"Pump or pipe chocked with silt/mud, valves partially closed","If water output is discoloured and silt laden","Unclog the pipes, pull out pump and unclog if necessary","Owner / User","Cleaning brush, cloth, and disposal bags for dirt removed"]
[null,null,null,"If any valves are closed","Open valves","Owner / User","None"]
[null,null,"Vales in the discharge pipe are partly closed/blocked","If any valves are blocked due to debris / mud","Clean or replace the valves","Owner / User","cleaning cloth, non-abrasive brushes"]
[null,null,"Pump running in reverse direction","If phases are correctly connected","Rectify wiring","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"Insufficient power reaching the controller","If DC accessories are correctly wired","Rectify wiring","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,null,"For failed connections","Rectify insecure/unsealed wires, loose cable connections, failed cable joints","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"Pump internal parts worn out","-","Call service centre for repair or replacement","Owner / User","None"]
[null,"Pump starts and stops at frequent intervals","Water level sensors or level switches in the reservoir are installed incorrectly","If sensor and switch intervals are too close","Adjust sensor/switch intervals","Skilled Technician","(see Technician Toolkit, under 'Protocols')"]
[]
["PICO   SOLAR ","Mechanical failure of components","Manufacturing defect or poor handling","Visual Durability Examination","Replace damaged components","Skilled Technician","None"]
[null,"Light does not turn on","Switch is turned off","Check the on/off switch","Turn on the switch. If you are not sure of the switch position, put the panel under the sun and check the light after 20 minutes.","Owner / User","None"]
[null,null,"Battery is not fully charged","Turn the switch on, when not placed in the sun. If there is no illumination / power in the USB port or attached product, the battery is not charged.","Fully charge the system by placing in the system for 6-8 hours in directly sunlight","Owner / User","None"]
[null,null,"Exposed to weather/rain","Device Weather Protection","Secured placement of device","Owner / User","Usually portable, maybe a screwdriver for mechanically secured systems"]
[null,null,"Accumulation of dust inside the light or switch mounted on the PCB","Open device and inspect internal components*","Clean without damaging components","Skilled Technician","Correct screwdriver, dry brush or mini blower"]
[null,null,"Burnt Cables or components",null,"Repair or replace damaged components, such as the Battery, panel, LED or switch\n\n(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')","Skilled Technician","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"Disconnected / unsoldered cables on main panel and PCB",null,"Connect / re-solder the cables as necessary "]
[null,null,"Battery is faulty / Quick Battery Failure, due to lack of deep discharge protection","Battery Testing","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')","Skilled Technician","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"Switch is faulty","Switch Testing","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')","Skilled Technician","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"Panel is faulty","Panel Testing","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')","Skilled Technician","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"LED light s faulty","LED Light Continuity Testing","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')","Skilled Technician","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')"]
[]
[null,"Inconsistent Light Output","-Low Quality LEDs \n-Reduction in luminous efficacy over continuous usage","LED Light Continuity Testing","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')","Skilled Technician","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,"Main switch not working","Switch is faulty","Switch testing","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')","Skilled Technician","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,"Device is not charging","Damaged cabling","Observation of Internal components","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')","Skilled Technician","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"Panel failure or damage","Panel Testing","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')","Skilled Technician","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,null,"Battery failure or damage","Battery Testing","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')","Skilled Technician","(see procedure table, under 'Protocols')"]
[null,"Damaged External Wires and Connections","Cable between lantern and solar module is Short","Visual Inspection for wire bruising","Replace damaged wires/ secure cabling","Owner / User for visual inspection and securing existing cable ONLY; \nSkilled technician for repair or replacement of cables","Safety gloves, replacement cables / wires"]
[null,"USB Charging port not working","Dust accumulation or Foreign material","Examine the charging jack/Rubber cover","Clean the USB jack without damaging components","Owner / User ","Dry brush or mini blower"]
[null,null,"Broken /loose interior charging pin","Examine the charging jack","Replace Charging Jack","Skilled Technician","Replacemnt port/shell, Soldering iron, solder, soldering wick\nSafety: Use goggles and gloves for soldering requirements and to protect against battery leakages"]
[]
["COMPONENT BASED SHS","Components (radio,TV) damaged","Charge regulator not protected against inversion","Device specification","Replace charge regulator","Skilled Technician","Replacement components "]
[null,"Radio and TVs not running smootly","Interference from other loads","Charge controller damage/expiration","Replace charge controller","Skilled Technician","Replacement components "]
[null,null,"Loose contact wires","Open device and inspect","Solder and secure wires","Skilled Technician","Soldering iron, solder, soldering wick, multimeter"]
[null,"Components showing low voltage problems","Panels are shaded leading to low production","Check if panel is covered or has dust accumulation","Clean panels","Owner/User","Dry brush or mini blower"]
[null,null,"Panels are damaged","Checked voltage between panels terminals and compare with manufacturer values","Replace panel if damaged","Skilled Technician","Multimeter"]
[]
["BATTERIES","-There are two basic types of batteries that are available for use in a standard solar energy production system: sealed batteries (AGM or Gel cell) and flooded lead acid (FLA) batteries. \n-Sealed batteries require only little maintenance in order to keep them working properly, the FLA batteries have a longer lifespan. \n-In off-grid conditions, usually sealed lead acid battery, lithium ion, vented battery, NiCd, and gel battery technologies find application."]
[null,"The batteries are generally attached to a digitised warning / fault detection system, which is integrated with the main device. A 'warning' or 'fault' signal along with the error code is usually activitated during a malfunction","Disconnection of battery cables","Check if battery cable is connected firmly (use gloves to do this, in order to protect against chemical damanges). ","If connections are loose, wear protective gloves and use a wrench to tighten the connections","Owner / User","Protective gloves, wrench for tightening the connections"]
[null,"The warning signal remains, after checking connections in the batteries","Several causes which may or may not be related to the battery may occur, since is over- and under- voltage or over-current due to connected equipment.","Do not disassemble the battery and diagnose","Call Skilled Technician","Owner / User should call skilled technician","As per manufacturer's guidelines"]
[null,null,null,"Check the batteries temperature and voltage","Follow manufacturer's guidelines","Skilled technician","As per manufacturer's guidelines"]
[null,null,null,"Check if the overvoltage and deep discharge protection works correctly by toggling the on/off switch","Follow manufacturer's guidelines","Skilled technician","As per manufacturer's guidelines"]
[null,null,null,"Visual check of other system components","Follow manufacturer's guidelines","Skilled technician","As per manufacturer's guidelines"]
[null,"Examples of Manufacturer's Guidelines"]
[null,"The installer is bound to follow the company's directive on troubleshooting of batteries. The signal usually comes on with a code, that indicates the error and corrective action to be taken. Examples are provided below:"]
[null,"(a)","LG, (2016), 'Installation Manual - Energy Storage System'","https://www.lg.com/global/business/download/resources/ess/LG%20ESS_Residential_Installation%20Manual_EN.pdf"]
[null,"(b)","Effekta (wesbite), See uer manuals for different products under 'Batteries & Management' ","https://www.effekta.com/en/downloads-en/"]
[]
["Sources: \n\nPico PV and SHS: Sources: \n(i) https://www.lightingglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Quality-Standards-Test-Methods.pdf , \n(ii) https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf  \n(iii) https://energypedia.info/images/0/05/Monitoring_and_Evaluation_of_Solar_Home_Systems_in_Developing_Countries.pdf \n\nComponent Based SHS: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/pip.392\n(iv) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S097308262030274X"]

{"sheet":"Protocols","index":6,"n_rows":37,"n_cols":6,"rows_kept":37,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[4,1,6,1],[5,3,6,3],[5,4,6,4],[5,5,6,5],[30,1,30,3],[29,0,29,3],[27,1,27,2]]}
["Sl. No.","Procedure","Check","Possible Remedy","Responsible","Equipment"]
[1,"Observation of Internal Components","Observe how the components are laid out and connected. This will facilitate identification of damaged components. It will also enable the reassembly process.","Test and repair / replace respective components","Skilled Technician","Appropriate screwdrivers, eg. starhead / flathead for disassembly and assembly \nSafety: Use goggles and gloves for soldering requirements and to protect against battery leakages"]
[2,"Panel Testing","-Ensure that the panel cables are firmly soldered on both the panel and the PCB.\n-Test panel using multimeter"," -If not connected, then resolder them\n-If the reading is out of range, not reflecting power, conduct battery testing and switch testing","Skilled Technician","Multimeter, battery and switch testing equipment\n\nFor soldering:\n• Replacment switch push button\n• Soldering iron\n• Solder\n• Soldering wick or desoldering iron\n\nSafety: Use goggles and gloves for soldering requirements and to protect against battery leakages"]
[3,"Battery Testing ","Check voltage between battery terminals (should be as specified on the battery) using multimeter. If the battery does not recharge, it is damaged. Note: Battery pack may be present with individual batteries connected in parallel, and testing must be conducted accordingly. Take note of the voltage listed on the battery (as well as the battery pack, if applicable).\n\nIf multimeter reading is not matching expected range, try to recharge battery. If it still doesn't charge, the battery is damaged and should be disposed.","Replace and safely dispose old battery, as per appropriate testing, repair and replacement procedures","Skilled Technician","Multimeter, replacement battery recommended by product provider\nSafety: Use goggles and gloves for soldering requirements and to protect against battery leakages"]
[4,"Switch Testing","Inspect the switch to check if it is firmly soldered onto the PCB (remains static and unmoving). Look for evidence of dust accumulation or any other foreign material.","Remove any dust of other foreign material","Skilled Technician","Clean, dry brush or mini blower"]
[5,null,"Press the switch and listen for a clip sound. If there is no sound, the switch may be damaged.","Replace Switch and Switch Rubber Cover, as may be required","Skilled Technician","• Replacment switch push button\n• Soldering iron\n• Solder\n• Soldering wick or desoldering iron\n• Multimeter\n\nFor replacing Switch Rubber cover\n• Appropriate screwdriver\n• Silicon button cover\n\nSafety: Use goggles and gloves for soldering requirements and to protect against battery leakages"]
[6,null,"Set the multimeter on the continuity range, and place the multimeter probes on each of the two switch terminals while pressing the switch. If the multimeter gives a sound when pressed, then the switch is ok. If there is no sound, then the switch may be damaged."]
[7,"LED Light Continuity Testing","-Check for desoldered cables\n-Set range on multimeter to conduct continuity test and note the readings","-If desoldered cables are present, solder using the right tools. \n-If the multimeter gives a sound, then the LED lights are in good working order, if it not, then the LED lights are damaged and must be replaced. ","Skilled Technician","• Digital Multimeter\n• Soldering iron\n• Soldering wire"]
[]
[null,"Technician Toolkit ","Function"]
[1,"Infrared camera","Conduct thermographic imaging, by finding high temperature hot spots in solar panels and electrical boards"]
[2,"Screwdrivers and drill bits","Used for securing mechanical connections"]
[3,"Electrical tools including soldering, wiring and securing tools","Repair and replacemnt of electrical cables and accessories, and securing loose componets inside the device"]
[4,"Multimeter \n(OR separate devices, i.e. ammeter, voltmeter)","Measuring current and voltage in electrical connections."]
[5,"Safety equipments, including goggles, gloves, body harness","Safety goggles and gloves are to be used for soldering requirements and to protect against battery leakages.\nA body harness should be used for security while working on heights"]
[6,"Non-abrasive brushe/sponge and cloth pieces ","For cleaning solar panels"]
[7,"Adjustable Wrench/Shifting Spanner\nAccessories: Hex shaped nuts fastenings and tightening compression fittings with hex edges","Used for securing mechanical connections"]
[8,"Pipe Wrench","Used to tighten and loosen threaded pipes and fittings"]
[9,"Working Shovel","To dig into the ground to expose pipes and fittings"]
[10,"Digging Spade","To dig into the ground to expose pipes and fittings"]
[11,"Thread seal tape","Sealing off leaks between fittings and pipe threads"]
[12,"Bucket","Removing a pool of water from a leaking pipe pit"]
[13,"Wire Brush","Cleaning threads of pipes off any corrosion"]
[14,"Propane torch","Sweating (soldering) copper pipes and fittings for a new joint or for repairs"]
[15,"Metal file","Removes burrs and smoothens edges on pipes"]
[16,"Hacksaw","To cut through metal, polyvinyl pipe, screws and related fittings"]
[]
[null,"Sources: \n\nPico PV and SHS: Sources: \n(i) https://www.lightingglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Quality-Standards-Test-Methods.pdf , \n(ii) https://solar-aid.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SolarAid_SM_Repair-Manual_A4-5-1-1.pdf  \n(iii) https://energypedia.info/images/0/05/Monitoring_and_Evaluation_of_Solar_Home_Systems_in_Developing_Countries.pdf \n\nComponent Based SHS: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/pip.392\n(iv) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S097308262030274X\n\nThe Tehnician Toolkit and other solar technician tools listed were based on the:-\n(i) Operation & Maintenance Manual for Solar Powered Potable Water Supply Systems published by WaterAid Eswatini in 2019: Mlamuli Myeni, 2020 , https://tinyurl.com/9xwm7hsh\n(ii) Article by Sean Silvey in Solarpowerworldoinline 2020: https://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/2020/05/5-must-have-tools-solar-operations-maintenance-technicians/ "]
[]
["Skilled Technician"]
[null,"To be certified as a Skilled Solar PV Technician, an applicant must have a minimum background of academic and professional qualifications, or job experience in the sector. This may be acquired through:\n\n(i) Vocational trainings designed by the country's centralised skilling system, based on the regulatory bodies' minimum quality standards for skill certification.\n(ii) Trainings and Certification Programs organised by local development agencies (such as UN, World Bank), that are based on standards such as the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) training, or the ECOWAS Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE) certfiication programmes for Solar PV Technicians.\n"]
["Sl. No.","Examples of Certification / Upskilling Programmes","Country / Certifying Organisation","Source"]
[1,"License for Solar PV Technician: ST1 to ST4, depending upon the level of experience and qualification, validated by experiences such as:\n\n- Electrical Government Trade Test, \n- Basic solar PV training (from any accredited institution)\n- Bachelor of Science or National Diploma in Electrical, Electronics\n- Relevant experience with solar PV systems","Energy (Solar Photovoltaic Systems) Regulations, Government of Kenya, 2019","https://www.epra.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Draft-EnergySolar-Photovoltaic-Regulations_2019.pdf"]
[2,"Device Repair Technician:\n\n-Experience with electronics, repairs and testing is an advantage.\n-Experience and attitude to work is valued above academic qualifications.\n-Team leadership qualities.\n-Electrical engineering/repairs.\n-6 months work experience (ideally in a related field)","M-Kopa\n(job posting for Uganda, 2020)","https://everjobs.ug/job/device-repair-technician/"]
[3,"Training for assembly technician of solar systems","ECOWAS Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE)","http://www.ecreee.org/page/training-assembly-technician-solar-systems"]
[4,"Regional Certification Scheme for Sustainable Energy Skills","ECOWAS Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE)","http://www.ecreee.org/certification"]
[5,"Solar Technician\n\nEducation: Diploma in electrical or electronics engineering, experience with installation of solar systems\nExperience:\n• Technical training in solar power installation and installation of solar water pumping systems\n• Experience in solar pumping system design.\n• Experience in training development and delivery for community driven programs\n• Previous experience from working in complex and volatile contexts.","NGO Jobs in Africa\n(job posting for Somalia, 2019)","https://ngojobsinafrica.com/job/solar-technician/"]