Cooking with the Sun - Revision history

Hector Alfaro at 08:40, 3 April 2025

2025-04-03T08:40:29Z

Hector Alfaro at 08:40, 3 April 2025

2025-04-03T08:40:05Z

Lisafeldmann at 13:37, 10 February 2025

2025-02-10T13:37:00Z

Lisafeldmann at 13:36, 10 February 2025

2025-02-10T13:36:19Z

Lisafeldmann at 13:35, 10 February 2025

2025-02-10T13:35:25Z

Lisafeldmann: /* Solar Box Cookers */

2025-02-10T13:34:28Z

Solar Box Cookers

Lisafeldmann at 13:33, 10 February 2025

2025-02-10T13:33:40Z

Lisafeldmann at 13:33, 10 February 2025

2025-02-10T13:33:30Z

Lisafeldmann at 13:33, 10 February 2025

2025-02-10T13:33:12Z

Lisafeldmann at 13:33, 10 February 2025

2025-02-10T13:33:01Z

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 == Introduction ==
-Hello world. A solar cooker uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook, bake or pasteurize food or drink. It only works when the sun shines, so solar cooking can never be a stand-alone technology. [[Solar Energy|Solar energy]] can be an ideal component of the energy mix of a household to complement other combustion-based stoves that can produce heat on demand based on other fuels. To which degree solar energy can replace other fuels depends on local dishes and cooking habits. It is also very much dependent on the local climatic conditions, which can vary tremendously over the course of a day or a year. All in all, over the year in a whole, fuel savings amount to roughly 30%-40%.<ref name="GTZ HERA (2007): Here Comes the Sun. Options for Using Solar Cookers in Developing Countries. https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Using_Solar_Cookers_in_Developing_Countries.pdf">GTZ HERA (2007): Here Comes the Sun. Options for Using Solar Cookers in Developing Countries. https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Using_Solar_Cookers_in_Developing_Countries.pdf</ref>
+A solar cooker uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook, bake or pasteurize food or drink. It only works when the sun shines, so solar cooking can never be a stand-alone technology. [[Solar Energy|Solar energy]] can be an ideal component of the energy mix of a household to complement other combustion-based stoves that can produce heat on demand based on other fuels. To which degree solar energy can replace other fuels depends on local dishes and cooking habits. It is also very much dependent on the local climatic conditions, which can vary tremendously over the course of a day or a year. All in all, over the year in a whole, fuel savings amount to roughly 30%-40%.<ref name="GTZ HERA (2007): Here Comes the Sun. Options for Using Solar Cookers in Developing Countries. https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Using_Solar_Cookers_in_Developing_Countries.pdf">GTZ HERA (2007): Here Comes the Sun. Options for Using Solar Cookers in Developing Countries. https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Using_Solar_Cookers_in_Developing_Countries.pdf</ref>
 <u>In any case a detailed assessment of the baseline cooking habits and important factors such as convenience, availability, affordability and reliability are essential to elaborate on the potentials of supplemental solar technologies to an existing household energy mix:<ref name="GTZ HERA (2007): Here Comes the Sun. Options for Using Solar Cookers in Developing Countries. https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Using_Solar_Cookers_in_Developing_Countries.pdf">GTZ HERA (2007): Here Comes the Sun. Options for Using Solar Cookers in Developing Countries. https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Using_Solar_Cookers_in_Developing_Countries.pdf</ref></u>

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 == Introduction ==
-A solar cooker uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook, bake or pasteurize food or drink. It only works when the sun shines, so solar cooking can never be a stand-alone technology. [[Solar Energy|Solar energy]] can be an ideal component of the energy mix of a household to complement other combustion-based stoves that can produce heat on demand based on other fuels. To which degree solar energy can replace other fuels depends on local dishes and cooking habits. It is also very much dependent on the local climatic conditions, which can vary tremendously over the course of a day or a year. All in all, over the year in a whole, fuel savings amount to roughly 30%-40%.<ref name="GTZ HERA (2007): Here Comes the Sun. Options for Using Solar Cookers in Developing Countries. https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Using_Solar_Cookers_in_Developing_Countries.pdf">GTZ HERA (2007): Here Comes the Sun. Options for Using Solar Cookers in Developing Countries. https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Using_Solar_Cookers_in_Developing_Countries.pdf</ref>
+Hello world. A solar cooker uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook, bake or pasteurize food or drink. It only works when the sun shines, so solar cooking can never be a stand-alone technology. [[Solar Energy|Solar energy]] can be an ideal component of the energy mix of a household to complement other combustion-based stoves that can produce heat on demand based on other fuels. To which degree solar energy can replace other fuels depends on local dishes and cooking habits. It is also very much dependent on the local climatic conditions, which can vary tremendously over the course of a day or a year. All in all, over the year in a whole, fuel savings amount to roughly 30%-40%.<ref name="GTZ HERA (2007): Here Comes the Sun. Options for Using Solar Cookers in Developing Countries. https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Using_Solar_Cookers_in_Developing_Countries.pdf">GTZ HERA (2007): Here Comes the Sun. Options for Using Solar Cookers in Developing Countries. https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Using_Solar_Cookers_in_Developing_Countries.pdf</ref>
 <u>In any case a detailed assessment of the baseline cooking habits and important factors such as convenience, availability, affordability and reliability are essential to elaborate on the potentials of supplemental solar technologies to an existing household energy mix:<ref name="GTZ HERA (2007): Here Comes the Sun. Options for Using Solar Cookers in Developing Countries. https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Using_Solar_Cookers_in_Developing_Countries.pdf">GTZ HERA (2007): Here Comes the Sun. Options for Using Solar Cookers in Developing Countries. https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Using_Solar_Cookers_in_Developing_Countries.pdf</ref></u>

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+|
-A fifth type of solar cooker is a Fresnel mirrors type collector, developed by Solar Fire Concentration Ltd, a Finnish impact company. This design named “Lytefire”<ref>Website of the Lytefire : lytefire.com</ref> is freely inspired by Linear Reflection Fresnel Concentrator. Multiple small mirrors are oriented differently to approximate a parabola. The advantage of this technique is that it uses flat mirrors which are cheaper than curved mirrors. The simple design of the concentrator allows people to build and maintain it locally everywhere in the world. Solar Fire team has developed different applications allowing people to use the concentrator as a powerful source of energy to power their activities around food transformation (baking, roasting, dehydrating). Due to a great efficiency and a wide surface of mirrors (around 5 square meters for the first models), the oven gives few kilowatts of output. Thanks to this power, a professional activity can rely on it (e.g. a baking or roasting activity<ref>Arnaud Crétot is a French baker and roaster using a Lytefire. His website : neoloco.fr</ref>). To date, few Lytefire have been developed in East and West Africa, Haiti, Philippines, Brazil, Canada and in Europe (France, Switzerland). In Tanzania, Kenya, Burkina Faso and Normandy (France) professional bakers are using it to power their businesses. Another application is the Lytefire sauna.
+A fifth type of solar cooker is a Fresnel mirrors type collector, developed by Solar Fire Concentration Ltd, a Finnish impact company. This design named “Lytefire”<ref>Website of the Lytefire : lytefire.com</ref> is freely inspired by Linear Reflection Fresnel Concentrator. Multiple small mirrors are oriented differently to approximate a parabola. The advantage of this technique is that it uses flat mirrors which are cheaper than curved mirrors. The simple design of the concentrator allows people to build and maintain it locally everywhere in the world. Solar Fire team has developed different applications allowing people to use the concentrator as a powerful source of energy to power their activities around food transformation (baking, roasting, dehydrating). Due to a great efficiency and a wide surface of mirrors (around 5 square meters for the first models), the oven gives few kilowatts of output. Thanks to this power, a professional activity can rely on it (e.g. a baking or roasting activity<ref>Arnaud Crétot is a French baker and roaster using a Lytefire. His website : neoloco.fr</ref>). To date, few Lytefire have been developed in East and West Africa, Haiti, Philippines, Brazil, Canada and in Europe (France, Switzerland). In Tanzania, Kenya, Burkina Faso and Normandy (France) professional bakers are using it to power their businesses.
 |}

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 A variation of the parabolic cooker is the so-called Papillon, which has been promoted in Burkina Faso.<ref name="http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/Papillon">http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/Papillon</ref> It has a higher output than the well-known SK-14 parabolic model<ref name="http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/SK14">http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/SK14</ref>, is easier to handle and dazzling is less of a problem. However, the price of about 450€ is too high for households and public organizations in most developing countries.
 [[File:GTZ_Klinghirn_Nepal_solarcooker.jpg|alt=|180x180px]][[File:GTZ Klingshirn Solarcooker circularbowl.JPG|180px|Solarcooker Circularbowl, Dr. Agnes Klingshirn|alt=|left]]Another parabolic cooker is the so-called butterfly cooker. It was developed in Tibet and is one of two models used in the region. Made from iron by local artisans, the design has successfully been used for many years. Its bowl is coated with reflective aluminium foil or with small mirrors, which can be replaced when damaged. Iron cookers are more expensive than cement cookers and can only be afforded by better-off households. The aluminium foil has to be replaced every two or three years. They are much heavier than cookers made of aluminium and are pushed around on two wheels fitted to the central support of the cooker. The butterfly cooker is one of the most successful solar cooker models with about 70 000 cookers built in Tibet as stated in a publication of 2004 <ref>Barbara Knudson (2004): State of the Art of Solar Cooking</ref>, and their use significantly satisifies much of the overall energy demand of households. According to the Energy Research and Demonstration Center of Tibet Autonomous Region, more than 400,000 solar cookers have been in use in Tibet in 2014.<ref>Energy Research and Demonstration Center of Tibet Autonomous Region, http://www.tibet328.cn/11/2014/07/7/201408/t20140808_438976.htm</ref>
 Similar to the butterfly cooker is a model that has a circular bowl made from cement. In Tibet, it is easier to construct, cheaper, and can be afforded by poorer families. This cooker has also been introduced in Afghanistan. The price of the cooker may vary considerably according to the cost of the surface mirrors and the cement. Disadvantages include a bowl that is more prone to breakage and the weight of the cooker (about 60 kg), making transport and handling difficult. Click [[:File:GTZ Manual for construction solar cooker cement-2006.pdf|here]] for a step by step introduction on how to build the cooker.

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 ''[[File:Seidel parabolic cooker.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Parabolic Cooker, Seidel]]''Parabolic cookers can be made from aluminium sheets, iron, or even concrete coated with aluminium foil. Through their parabolic shape, they focus radiation from the sun onto the bottom of the pot. They generally have a higher energy output than box cookers (see below) and can reach temperatures of up to 250 °C. These high temperatures enable users to do cooking, stir-frying and baking. Aluminium parabolic cookers are lightweight and can easily be transported. However, their production requires a high degree of precision and they are usually imported as sets, which are locally assembled. As a result, in most developing countries, aluminium cookers are too expensive for the majority of the population (US$ 100 and above). Furthermore, such cookers are prone to wind damages to the aluminium sheets. In areas of frequent dust storms, the sheets tend to become scratched over time, reducing the heat output by as much as 30%. To achieve maximum performance, parabolic cookers must be reoriented to the sun about every 20-30 minutes, which can be cumbersome and inconvenient for the cook, when large amounts of food are cooked. Moreover the cook can be "dazzled" (blinding of eyes) when the cooker is not handled properly.<ref name="GTZ HERA (2007): Here Comes the Sun. Options for Using Solar Cookers in Developing Countries. https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Using_Solar_Cookers_in_Developing_Countries.pdf">GTZ HERA (2007): Here Comes the Sun. Options for Using Solar Cookers in Developing Countries. https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Using_Solar_Cookers_in_Developing_Countries.pdf</ref> One solution that has been promoted is the use of sunglasses; another approach is to turn the cooker out of the direction of the sun before the food is stirred.
-A variation of the parabolic cooker is the so-called Papillon, which has been promoted in Burkina Faso.<ref name="http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/Papillon">http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/Papillon</ref> It has a higher output than the well-known SK-14 parabolic model<ref name="http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/SK14">http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/SK14</ref>, is easier to handle and dazzling is less of a problem. However, the price of about 450€<span style="color:#FF0000"></span> is too high for households and public organizations in most developing countries.
+A variation of the parabolic cooker is the so-called Papillon, which has been promoted in Burkina Faso.<ref name="http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/Papillon">http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/Papillon</ref> It has a higher output than the well-known SK-14 parabolic model<ref name="http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/SK14">http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/SK14</ref>, is easier to handle and dazzling is less of a problem. However, the price of about 450€ is too high for households and public organizations in most developing countries.
+[[File:GTZ_Klinghirn_Nepal_solarcooker.jpg|alt=|180x180px]][[File:GTZ Klingshirn Solarcooker circularbowl.JPG|180px|Solarcooker Circularbowl, Dr. Agnes Klingshirn|alt=|left]]Another parabolic cooker is the so-called butterfly cooker. It was developed in Tibet and is one of two models used in the region. Made from iron by local artisans, the design has successfully been used for many years. Its bowl is coated with reflective aluminium foil or with small mirrors, which can be replaced when damaged. Iron cookers are more expensive than cement cookers and can only be afforded by better-off households. The aluminium foil has to be replaced every two or three years. They are much heavier than cookers made of aluminium and are pushed around on two wheels fitted to the central support of the cooker. The butterfly cooker is one of the most successful solar cooker models with about 70 000 cookers built in Tibet as stated in a publication of 2004 <ref>Barbara Knudson (2004): State of the Art of Solar Cooking</ref>, and their use significantly satisifies much of the overall energy demand of households. According to the Energy Research and Demonstration Center of Tibet Autonomous Region, more than 400,000 solar cookers have been in use in Tibet in 2014.<ref>Energy Research and Demonstration Center of Tibet Autonomous Region, http://www.tibet328.cn/11/2014/07/7/201408/t20140808_438976.htm</ref>
 Similar to the butterfly cooker is a model that has a circular bowl made from cement. In Tibet, it is easier to construct, cheaper, and can be afforded by poorer families. This cooker has also been introduced in Afghanistan. The price of the cooker may vary considerably according to the cost of the surface mirrors and the cement. Disadvantages include a bowl that is more prone to breakage and the weight of the cooker (about 60 kg), making transport and handling difficult. Click [[:File:GTZ Manual for construction solar cooker cement-2006.pdf|here]] for a step by step introduction on how to build the cooker.

@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 A variation of the parabolic cooker is the so-called Papillon, which has been promoted in Burkina Faso.<ref name="http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/Papillon">http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/Papillon</ref> It has a higher output than the well-known SK-14 parabolic model<ref name="http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/SK14">http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/SK14</ref>, is easier to handle and dazzling is less of a problem. However, the price of about 450€<span style="color:#FF0000"></span> is too high for households and public organizations in most developing countries.
-[[File:GTZ Klinghirn Nepal solarcooker.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Nepal Solarcooker, Dr. Agnes Klingshirn]]Another parabolic cooker is the so-called butterfly cooker. It was developed in Tibet and is one of two models used in the region. Made from iron by local artisans, the design has successfully been used for many years. Its bowl is coated with reflective aluminium foil or with small mirrors, which can be replaced when damaged. Iron cookers are more expensive than cement cookers and can only be afforded by better-off households. The aluminium foil has to be replaced every two or three years. They are much heavier than cookers made of aluminium and are pushed around on two wheels fitted to the central support of the cooker. The butterfly cooker is one of the most successful solar cooker models with about 70 000 cookers built in Tibet as stated in a publication of 2004 <ref>Barbara Knudson (2004): State of the Art of Solar Cooking</ref>, and their use significantly satisifies much of the overall energy demand of households. According to the Energy Research and Demonstration Center of Tibet Autonomous Region, more than 400,000 solar cookers have been in use in Tibet in 2014.<ref>Energy Research and Demonstration Center of Tibet Autonomous Region, http://www.tibet328.cn/11/2014/07/7/201408/t20140808_438976.htm</ref>
+[[File:GTZ Klinghirn Nepal solarcooker.jpg|thumb|180px|Nepal Solarcooker, Dr. Agnes Klingshirn|alt=|none]]Another parabolic cooker is the so-called butterfly cooker. It was developed in Tibet and is one of two models used in the region. Made from iron by local artisans, the design has successfully been used for many years. Its bowl is coated with reflective aluminium foil or with small mirrors, which can be replaced when damaged. Iron cookers are more expensive than cement cookers and can only be afforded by better-off households. The aluminium foil has to be replaced every two or three years. They are much heavier than cookers made of aluminium and are pushed around on two wheels fitted to the central support of the cooker. The butterfly cooker is one of the most successful solar cooker models with about 70 000 cookers built in Tibet as stated in a publication of 2004 <ref>Barbara Knudson (2004): State of the Art of Solar Cooking</ref>, and their use significantly satisifies much of the overall energy demand of households. According to the Energy Research and Demonstration Center of Tibet Autonomous Region, more than 400,000 solar cookers have been in use in Tibet in 2014.<ref>Energy Research and Demonstration Center of Tibet Autonomous Region, http://www.tibet328.cn/11/2014/07/7/201408/t20140808_438976.htm</ref>
-[[File:GTZ Klingshirn Solarcooker circularbowl.JPG|thumb|right|180px|Solarcooker Circularbowl, Dr. Agnes Klingshirn]]
+[[File:GTZ Klingshirn Solarcooker circularbowl.JPG|thumb|180px|Solarcooker Circularbowl, Dr. Agnes Klingshirn|alt=|none]]
 Similar to the butterfly cooker is a model that has a circular bowl made from cement. In Tibet, it is easier to construct, cheaper, and can be afforded by poorer families. This cooker has also been introduced in Afghanistan. The price of the cooker may vary considerably according to the cost of the surface mirrors and the cement. Disadvantages include a bowl that is more prone to breakage and the weight of the cooker (about 60 kg), making transport and handling difficult. Click [[:File:GTZ Manual for construction solar cooker cement-2006.pdf|here]] for a step by step introduction on how to build the cooker.

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