Energy Access in Mozambique - Revision history

Helena Macune: /* Introduction */

2025-12-03T12:54:11Z

Introduction

Helena Macune: /* Introduction */

2025-12-03T12:50:21Z

Introduction

Ranisha: /* Energy for Institutions */

2022-07-22T12:43:48Z

Energy for Institutions

Ranisha: /* Introduction */

2022-07-21T12:51:52Z

Introduction

Ranisha: /* Introduction */

2022-07-21T12:33:26Z

Introduction

Fernanda Wynter at 14:20, 7 March 2022

2022-03-07T14:20:55Z

Fernanda Wynter at 17:27, 16 February 2022

2022-02-16T17:27:21Z

Fernanda Wynter at 16:53, 16 February 2022

2022-02-16T16:53:56Z

Fernanda Wynter at 13:37, 16 February 2022

2022-02-16T13:37:21Z

Fernanda Wynter at 10:26, 6 January 2022

2022-01-06T10:26:27Z

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 According to the latest SDG7 Tracking report 2021, Mozambique is among the top 20 electricity access-deficit countries from 2010 to 2019. It is also among the top 20 countries with a deficit in access to clean cooking fuels and technologies from 2015 to 2019<ref name=":1">IRENA et al., ‘Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2021’, https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Jun/SDG7_Tracking_Progress_2021.pdf</ref>. In Mozambique, as in Niger, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Madagascar, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, no more than 5% of the population have access to clean cooking technologies and fuels. In the urban areas of Mozambique, however, this number is a bit high with 13% having access to clean cooking fuels and technologies<ref name=":1" />.
-Access to grid electricity increased from 34% in 2020<ref>ALER (2021). Renewables in Mozambique.https://www.lerenovaveis.org/contents/lerpublication/aler_mar2021_resumo-renovaveis-em-mocambique-2021.pdf</ref> to 40% in 2022 (until July and total on and off grid access is 44%)<ref>S.Excia Eng. Carlos Zacarias - Ministro dos Recursos Minerais e Energia (MIREME). 2022. CDD Just Energy Transition. <nowiki>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GphYhRJq50</nowiki></ref>. The commitment to provide quality, affordable and sustainable energy to all Mo zambicans by 2030 had already been made by the Government of Mozambique (GoM) when launching the Energy for All Program, coordinated by MIREME. In 2024, the total electrification rate verified was 60.1% of which 50,5% was guar anteed through the electricity grid and the remaining 9,6% by off-grid systems. In 2024 the total values   for new connections are already very close to the values   needed to achieve the targets set for the coming years, suggesting that the goals for electrification will be achieved. However, still 17.5 million Mozambicans lack access to electricity in both rural and urban areas. Grid connection is mostly concentrated in urban areas leaving a higher percentage of rural population unelectrified. In 2020, only 4.5% of the rural population had access to electricity<ref>World Bank (2021). Access to electricity, rural (% of rural population) - Mozambique. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.RU.ZS?locations=MZ</ref> as compared to 75% of the electrified urban population<ref>World Bank (2021). Access to electricity, urban (% of urban population) - Mozambique. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.UR.ZS?locations=MZ</ref>. Hence, access to electricity in rural areas needs to increase rapidly for the Government to achieve its goal of electrifying all Mozambican households by 2030.<ref>World Bank, ‘Mozambique | Data’, 2021, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=MZ</ref>
+Access to grid electricity increased from 34% in 2020<ref>ALER (2021). Renewables in Mozambique.https://www.lerenovaveis.org/contents/lerpublication/aler_mar2021_resumo-renovaveis-em-mocambique-2021.pdf</ref> to 40% in 2022 (until July and total on and off grid access is 44%)<ref>S.Excia Eng. Carlos Zacarias - Ministro dos Recursos Minerais e Energia (MIREME). 2022. CDD Just Energy Transition. <nowiki>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GphYhRJq50</nowiki></ref>. The commitment to provide quality, affordable and sustainable energy to all Mo zambicans by 2030 had already been made by the Government of Mozambique (GoM) when launching the Energy for All Program, coordinated by MIREME. In 2024, the total electrification rate verified was 60.1% of which 50,5% was guar anteed through the electricity grid and the remaining 9,6% by off-grid systems. In 2024 the total values   for new connections are already very close to the values   needed to achieve the targets set for the coming years, suggesting that the goals for electrification will be achieved. However, still 17.5 million Mozambicans lack access to electricity in both rural and urban areas. Grid connection is mostly concentrated in urban areas leaving a higher percentage of rural population unelectrified. Hence, access to electricity in rural areas needs to increase rapidly for the Government to achieve its goal of electrifying all Mozambican households by 2030.<ref>World Bank, ‘Mozambique | Data’, 2021, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=MZ</ref>
 This article provides an overview of the energy access situation in Mozambique in three areas: households (lighting and cooking); public institutions, and productive use of energy.

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 According to the latest SDG7 Tracking report 2021, Mozambique is among the top 20 electricity access-deficit countries from 2010 to 2019. It is also among the top 20 countries with a deficit in access to clean cooking fuels and technologies from 2015 to 2019<ref name=":1">IRENA et al., ‘Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2021’, https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Jun/SDG7_Tracking_Progress_2021.pdf</ref>. In Mozambique, as in Niger, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Madagascar, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, no more than 5% of the population have access to clean cooking technologies and fuels. In the urban areas of Mozambique, however, this number is a bit high with 13% having access to clean cooking fuels and technologies<ref name=":1" />.
-Access to grid electricity increased from 34% in 2020<ref>ALER (2021). Renewables in Mozambique.https://www.lerenovaveis.org/contents/lerpublication/aler_mar2021_resumo-renovaveis-em-mocambique-2021.pdf</ref> to 40% in 2022 (until July and total on and off grid access is 44%)<ref>S.Excia Eng. Carlos Zacarias - Ministro dos Recursos Minerais e Energia (MIREME). 2022. CDD Just Energy Transition. <nowiki>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GphYhRJq50</nowiki></ref>. However, still 17.5 million Mozambicans lack access to electricity in both rural and urban areas. Grid connection is mostly concentrated in urban areas leaving a higher percentage of rural population unelectrified. In 2020, only 4.5% of the rural population had access to electricity<ref>World Bank (2021). Access to electricity, rural (% of rural population) - Mozambique. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.RU.ZS?locations=MZ</ref> as compared to 75% of the electrified urban population<ref>World Bank (2021). Access to electricity, urban (% of urban population) - Mozambique. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.UR.ZS?locations=MZ</ref>. Hence, access to electricity in rural areas needs to increase rapidly for the Government to achieve its goal of electrifying all Mozambican households by 2030.<ref>World Bank, ‘Mozambique | Data’, 2021, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=MZ</ref>
+Access to grid electricity increased from 34% in 2020<ref>ALER (2021). Renewables in Mozambique.https://www.lerenovaveis.org/contents/lerpublication/aler_mar2021_resumo-renovaveis-em-mocambique-2021.pdf</ref> to 40% in 2022 (until July and total on and off grid access is 44%)<ref>S.Excia Eng. Carlos Zacarias - Ministro dos Recursos Minerais e Energia (MIREME). 2022. CDD Just Energy Transition. <nowiki>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GphYhRJq50</nowiki></ref>. The commitment to provide quality, affordable and sustainable energy to all Mo zambicans by 2030 had already been made by the Government of Mozambique (GoM) when launching the Energy for All Program, coordinated by MIREME. In 2024, the total electrification rate verified was 60.1% of which 50,5% was guar anteed through the electricity grid and the remaining 9,6% by off-grid systems. In 2024 the total values   for new connections are already very close to the values   needed to achieve the targets set for the coming years, suggesting that the goals for electrification will be achieved. However, still 17.5 million Mozambicans lack access to electricity in both rural and urban areas. Grid connection is mostly concentrated in urban areas leaving a higher percentage of rural population unelectrified. In 2020, only 4.5% of the rural population had access to electricity<ref>World Bank (2021). Access to electricity, rural (% of rural population) - Mozambique. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.RU.ZS?locations=MZ</ref> as compared to 75% of the electrified urban population<ref>World Bank (2021). Access to electricity, urban (% of urban population) - Mozambique. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.UR.ZS?locations=MZ</ref>. Hence, access to electricity in rural areas needs to increase rapidly for the Government to achieve its goal of electrifying all Mozambican households by 2030.<ref>World Bank, ‘Mozambique | Data’, 2021, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=MZ</ref>
 This article provides an overview of the energy access situation in Mozambique in three areas: households (lighting and cooking); public institutions, and productive use of energy.

@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 Electrification of institutions such as health clinics, schools, shops etc allows the operation of services even after dark. In case of schools, they are able to introduce night classes, thus increasing attendance rates and the schools can also be converted into community centres in the evening. Another way in which institutions benefit from electrification is the possibility to have internet access to improve the quality of their services and promote digital learning. Data from the After Access Survey in Mozambique shows that only 10% of the population uses internet<ref>‘2019_After-Access_The-State-of-ICT-in-Mozambique.Pdf’, accessed 21 June 2021, https://researchictafrica.net/wp/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/2019_After-Access_The-state-of-ICT-in-Mozambique.pdf   </ref>. In hospitals and health institutions, the presence of a cold chain decreases the risk of spoiled vaccines and is key for bringing vaccines such as COVID-19 vaccines to the most remote rural communities<ref>‘Chilling-Prospects-21-SEforALL.Pdf’, accessed 17 June 2021, https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2021-05/Chilling-Prospects-21-SEforALL.pdf</ref>. Reliable electricity is also needed for running medical appliances and preventing medical appliance breakdown due to unreliable electricity. Mozambique is also prone to natural disasters such as cyclones, floods and landslides. Thus, access to reliable energy is also needed to power Early Warning Systems. These communication systems make it possible to warn the community before a natural disaster strikes.
-Mozambique’s Fundo de Energia (FUNAE) is the public institution responsible for off-grid rural electrification with a special focus on renewable energy. With monetary support from Mozambique’s utility company Electricidade de Moçambique (EDM), FUNAE has electrified '''580 schools and 561 health centres in 260 villages''' by March 2019<ref name=":0">Mozambique Energy for All ProEnergia Project’, http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/594061554084119829/pdf/Mozambique-Energy-for-All-ProEnergia-Project.pdf</ref>. In May 2021, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) approved a grant to electrify 92 health facilities in Sofala Province<ref>U.S. Government Lights Up 92 Health Facilities in Sofala Province with a $320,000 Investment in Solar Power’, U.S. Embassy in Mozambique, 14 May 2021, https://mz.usembassy.gov/u-s-government-lights-up-92-health-facilities-in-sofala-province-with-a-320000-investment-in-solar-power/</ref>. The Government of Mozambique with support from the World Bank continues the efforts to achieve electrification of schools, health centres and administrative buildings through the national programme ''Mozambique Energy for All (ProEnergia)''. The target is to provide grid connections to 400 public facilities by the end of 2024<ref>‘Development Projects : Mozambique Energy For All (ProEnergia), https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P165453</ref>.
+Mozambique’s Fundo de Energia (FUNAE) is the public institution responsible for off-grid rural electrification with a special focus on renewable energy. With monetary support from Mozambique’s utility company Electricidade de Moçambique (EDM), FUNAE has electrified '''580 schools, 74 administrative post buildings and 561 health centres in 260 villages''' by 2012<ref name=":0">Mozambique Energy for All ProEnergia Project’, http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/594061554084119829/pdf/Mozambique-Energy-for-All-ProEnergia-Project.pdf</ref><ref>World Bank (2015).Mozambique Energy Sector Policy Note. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/135711468180536987/ACS17091-REVISED-PUBLIC-Mozambique-Energy-Sector-Policy-Note.pdf</ref>. In 2021, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) approved a grant to electrify 92 health facilities in Sofala Province<ref>U.S. Government Lights Up 92 Health Facilities in Sofala Province with a $320,000 Investment in Solar Power’, U.S. Embassy in Mozambique, 14 May 2021, https://mz.usembassy.gov/u-s-government-lights-up-92-health-facilities-in-sofala-province-with-a-320000-investment-in-solar-power/</ref>. The Government of Mozambique with support from the World Bank continues the efforts to achieve electrification of schools, health centres and administrative buildings through the national programme ''Mozambique Energy for All (ProEnergia)''. The target is to provide grid connections to 400 public facilities by the end of 2024<ref>‘Development Projects : Mozambique Energy For All (ProEnergia), https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P165453</ref>.
 In 2020, GIZ electrified 42 health stations in Gaza, Inhambane, Manica and Zambézia using solar systems. Additionally, they installed solar powered water disinfectants for providing clean water and disinfecting surgical equipment, befitting the  patients and healthcare professionals, as shown in the following video<ref>FASER – Moçambique, ''Levando eletricidade aos postos de saúde em Moçambique'', <nowiki>https://youtu.be/XGavkWKdpBE</nowiki></ref>.

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 According to the latest SDG7 Tracking report 2021, Mozambique is among the top 20 electricity access-deficit countries from 2010 to 2019. It is also among the top 20 countries with a deficit in access to clean cooking fuels and technologies from 2015 to 2019<ref name=":1">IRENA et al., ‘Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2021’, https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Jun/SDG7_Tracking_Progress_2021.pdf</ref>. In Mozambique, as in Niger, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Madagascar, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, no more than 5% of the population have access to clean cooking technologies and fuels. In the urban areas of Mozambique, however, this number is a bit high with 13% having access to clean cooking fuels and technologies<ref name=":1" />.
-Access to grid electricity increased from 34% in 2020<ref>ALER (2021). Renewables in Mozambique.https://www.lerenovaveis.org/contents/lerpublication/aler_mar2021_resumo-renovaveis-em-mocambique-2021.pdf</ref> to 40% in 2022 (until July and total on and off grid access is 44%)<ref>S.Excia Eng. Carlos Zacarias - Ministro dos Recursos Minerais e Energia (MIREME). 2022. CDD Just Energy Transition. <nowiki>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GphYhRJq50</nowiki></ref>. However, still 17.5 million Mozambicans lack access to electricity in both rural and urban areas. Grid connection is mostly concentrated in urban areas leaving a higher percentage of rural population unelectrified. In 2020, only 4.5% of the rural population had access to electricity as compared to 5.1% in 2019 and 8% in 2018.<ref>World Bank (2021). Access to electricity, rural (% of rural population) - Mozambique. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.RU.ZS?locations=MZ</ref> Hence, access to electricity in rural areas needs to rapidly increase for the Government to achieve its goal of electrifying all Mozambican households by 2030.<ref>World Bank, ‘Mozambique | Data’, 2021, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=MZ</ref>
+Access to grid electricity increased from 34% in 2020<ref>ALER (2021). Renewables in Mozambique.https://www.lerenovaveis.org/contents/lerpublication/aler_mar2021_resumo-renovaveis-em-mocambique-2021.pdf</ref> to 40% in 2022 (until July and total on and off grid access is 44%)<ref>S.Excia Eng. Carlos Zacarias - Ministro dos Recursos Minerais e Energia (MIREME). 2022. CDD Just Energy Transition. <nowiki>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GphYhRJq50</nowiki></ref>. However, still 17.5 million Mozambicans lack access to electricity in both rural and urban areas. Grid connection is mostly concentrated in urban areas leaving a higher percentage of rural population unelectrified. In 2020, only 4.5% of the rural population had access to electricity<ref>World Bank (2021). Access to electricity, rural (% of rural population) - Mozambique. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.RU.ZS?locations=MZ</ref> as compared to 75% of the electrified urban population<ref>World Bank (2021). Access to electricity, urban (% of urban population) - Mozambique. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.UR.ZS?locations=MZ</ref>. Hence, access to electricity in rural areas needs to increase rapidly for the Government to achieve its goal of electrifying all Mozambican households by 2030.<ref>World Bank, ‘Mozambique | Data’, 2021, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=MZ</ref>
 This article provides an overview of the energy access situation in Mozambique in three areas: households (lighting and cooking); public institutions, and productive use of energy.

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 According to the latest SDG7 Tracking report 2021, Mozambique is among the top 20 electricity access-deficit countries from 2010 to 2019. It is also among the top 20 countries with a deficit in access to clean cooking fuels and technologies from 2015 to 2019<ref name=":1">IRENA et al., ‘Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2021’, https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Jun/SDG7_Tracking_Progress_2021.pdf</ref>. In Mozambique, as in Niger, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Madagascar, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, no more than 5% of the population have access to clean cooking technologies and fuels. In the urban areas of Mozambique, however, this number is a bit high with 13% having access to clean cooking fuels and technologies<ref name=":1" />.
-Access to grid electricity has increased from 8% in 2006 to 31% in 2018<ref name=":0">Mozambique Energy for All ProEnergia Project’, http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/594061554084119829/pdf/Mozambique-Energy-for-All-ProEnergia-Project.pdf</ref>. At the end of 2020 electrification rate increased to 34%<ref>ALER - Resumo Renovaveis Em Mocambique 2021’, https://www.lerenovaveis.org/contents/lerpublication/aler_mar2021_resumo-renovaveis-em-mocambique-2021.pdf</ref>. Grid connection is mostly concentrated in urban areas and is scarce in rural areas. In 2019, the rural electrification rate decreased to 5% from 8% in the previous year. Since more than half of Mozambicans lives in rural communities, this poses a challenge to the goal of electrifying all Mozambican households by 2030<ref>World Bank, ‘Mozambique | Data’, 2021, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=MZ</ref>.
+Access to grid electricity increased from 34% in 2020<ref>ALER (2021). Renewables in Mozambique.https://www.lerenovaveis.org/contents/lerpublication/aler_mar2021_resumo-renovaveis-em-mocambique-2021.pdf</ref> to 40% in 2022 (until July and total on and off grid access is 44%)<ref>S.Excia Eng. Carlos Zacarias - Ministro dos Recursos Minerais e Energia (MIREME). 2022. CDD Just Energy Transition. <nowiki>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GphYhRJq50</nowiki></ref>. However, still 17.5 million Mozambicans lack access to electricity in both rural and urban areas. Grid connection is mostly concentrated in urban areas leaving a higher percentage of rural population unelectrified. In 2020, only 4.5% of the rural population had access to electricity as compared to 5.1% in 2019 and 8% in 2018.<ref>World Bank (2021). Access to electricity, rural (% of rural population) - Mozambique. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.RU.ZS?locations=MZ</ref> Hence, access to electricity in rural areas needs to rapidly increase for the Government to achieve its goal of electrifying all Mozambican households by 2030.<ref>World Bank, ‘Mozambique | Data’, 2021, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=MZ</ref>
 This article provides an overview of the energy access situation in Mozambique in three areas: households (lighting and cooking); public institutions, and productive use of energy.
@@ Line 45: / Line 43: @@
 Electrification of institutions such as health clinics, schools, shops etc allows the operation of services even after dark. In case of schools, they are able to introduce night classes, thus increasing attendance rates and the schools can also be converted into community centres in the evening. Another way in which institutions benefit from electrification is the possibility to have internet access to improve the quality of their services and promote digital learning. Data from the After Access Survey in Mozambique shows that only 10% of the population uses internet<ref>‘2019_After-Access_The-State-of-ICT-in-Mozambique.Pdf’, accessed 21 June 2021, https://researchictafrica.net/wp/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/2019_After-Access_The-state-of-ICT-in-Mozambique.pdf   </ref>. In hospitals and health institutions, the presence of a cold chain decreases the risk of spoiled vaccines and is key for bringing vaccines such as COVID-19 vaccines to the most remote rural communities<ref>‘Chilling-Prospects-21-SEforALL.Pdf’, accessed 17 June 2021, https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2021-05/Chilling-Prospects-21-SEforALL.pdf</ref>. Reliable electricity is also needed for running medical appliances and preventing medical appliance breakdown due to unreliable electricity. Mozambique is also prone to natural disasters such as cyclones, floods and landslides. Thus, access to reliable energy is also needed to power Early Warning Systems. These communication systems make it possible to warn the community before a natural disaster strikes.
-Mozambique’s Fundo de Energia (FUNAE) is the public institution responsible for off-grid rural electrification with a special focus on renewable energy. With monetary support from Mozambique’s utility company Electricidade de Moçambique (EDM), FUNAE has electrified '''580 schools and 561 health centres in 260 villages''' by March 2019<ref name=":0" />. In May 2021, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) approved a grant to electrify 92 health facilities in Sofala Province<ref>U.S. Government Lights Up 92 Health Facilities in Sofala Province with a $320,000 Investment in Solar Power’, U.S. Embassy in Mozambique, 14 May 2021, https://mz.usembassy.gov/u-s-government-lights-up-92-health-facilities-in-sofala-province-with-a-320000-investment-in-solar-power/</ref>. The Government of Mozambique with support from the World Bank continues the efforts to achieve electrification of schools, health centres and administrative buildings through the national programme ''Mozambique Energy for All (ProEnergia)''. The target is to provide grid connections to 400 public facilities by the end of 2024<ref>‘Development Projects : Mozambique Energy For All (ProEnergia), https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P165453</ref>.
+Mozambique’s Fundo de Energia (FUNAE) is the public institution responsible for off-grid rural electrification with a special focus on renewable energy. With monetary support from Mozambique’s utility company Electricidade de Moçambique (EDM), FUNAE has electrified '''580 schools and 561 health centres in 260 villages''' by March 2019<ref name=":0">Mozambique Energy for All ProEnergia Project’, http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/594061554084119829/pdf/Mozambique-Energy-for-All-ProEnergia-Project.pdf</ref>. In May 2021, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) approved a grant to electrify 92 health facilities in Sofala Province<ref>U.S. Government Lights Up 92 Health Facilities in Sofala Province with a $320,000 Investment in Solar Power’, U.S. Embassy in Mozambique, 14 May 2021, https://mz.usembassy.gov/u-s-government-lights-up-92-health-facilities-in-sofala-province-with-a-320000-investment-in-solar-power/</ref>. The Government of Mozambique with support from the World Bank continues the efforts to achieve electrification of schools, health centres and administrative buildings through the national programme ''Mozambique Energy for All (ProEnergia)''. The target is to provide grid connections to 400 public facilities by the end of 2024<ref>‘Development Projects : Mozambique Energy For All (ProEnergia), https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P165453</ref>.
 In 2020, GIZ electrified 42 health stations in Gaza, Inhambane, Manica and Zambézia using solar systems. Additionally, they installed solar powered water disinfectants for providing clean water and disinfecting surgical equipment, befitting the  patients and healthcare professionals, as shown in the following video<ref>FASER – Moçambique, ''Levando eletricidade aos postos de saúde em Moçambique'', <nowiki>https://youtu.be/XGavkWKdpBE</nowiki></ref>.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Back to Mozambique Portal}}
 == '''Introduction''' ==
 According to the latest SDG7 Tracking report 2021, Mozambique is among the top 20 electricity access-deficit countries from 2010 to 2019. It is also among the top 20 countries with a deficit in access to clean cooking fuels and technologies from 2015 to 2019<ref name=":1">IRENA et al., ‘Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2021’, https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Jun/SDG7_Tracking_Progress_2021.pdf</ref>. In Mozambique, as in Niger, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Madagascar, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, no more than 5% of the population have access to clean cooking technologies and fuels. In the urban areas of Mozambique, however, this number is a bit high with 13% having access to clean cooking fuels and technologies<ref name=":1" />.

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 The use of traditional biomass for cooking and heating in closed indoor facilities without proper ventilation has fatal impact on health. When biomass is burnt indoors using open fires and inefficient cookstoves, they release smoke and pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides<ref name=":3">Anenberg et al., ‘Air Pollution-Related Health and Climate Benefits of Clean Cookstove Programs in Mozambique’, 2017,https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa5557</ref>. According to 2014 data from the World Health Organisation, 3.8 million people die yearly from illnesses caused by [[Indoor Air Pollution (IAP)|household air pollution]] (HAP). The most common cause of death is pneumonia, followed by ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), strokes, and lung cancer<ref>‘Household Air Pollution and Health’, accessed 10 June 2021, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health</ref>. In 2015, it was estimated that HAP caused approx. '''18,000 premature deaths and 696,000 disability-adjusted life years''' in Mozambique<ref name=":3" />. Lack of access to clean cooking technologies also has gendered impact. Women and girls are mostly responsible for carrying fuelwood and are often victims of animal bites or gender-based violence while collecting firewood. Mozambique has lost about '''370,000 square kilometres of forests''' due to unsustainable agricultural practices, urban expansion, and charcoal and timber production<ref>‘How Rampant Deforestation Made Mozambique More Vulnerable to Cyclone Idai’, The New Humanitarian, 24 April 2019, https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2019/04/24/how-rampant-deforestation-made-mozambique-more-vulnerable-cyclone-idai</ref>. Part of the biomass from deforestation is also used for cooking.
-GIZ, (Energising Development Mozambique - EnDev programme), a German development organisation focusing on international cooperation for sustainable development, in partnership with the Foundation for Community Development - FDC, through the Fund for Sustainable Access to Renewable Energy - FASER (<nowiki>https://www.faser.co.mz/</nowiki>) , supports local producers in the implementation of standards for the production and commercialisation of improved cookers. These cookers are 60% more efficient compared to traditional cookers, minimising cooking costs in all beneficiary families.
+GIZ, (Energising Development Mozambique - EnDev programme), a German development organisation focusing on international cooperation for sustainable development, in partnership with the Foundation for Community Development - FDC, through the [https://www.faser.co.mz/ Fund for Sustainable Access to Renewable Energy - FASER] , supports local producers in the implementation of standards for the production and commercialisation of improved cookers. These cookers are 60% more efficient compared to traditional cookers, minimising cooking costs in all beneficiary families<ref>FASER – Moçambique, ''Promovendo tecnologias de fogões melhorados, limpos e modernos'', <nowiki>https://youtu.be/9MyOGLb7F94</nowiki></ref>.
 {{#widget:YouTube|id=9MyOGLb7F94|height=400|width=600}}
@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 [[Lighting|Fuel-based lighting]] using kerosene lamps and candles are inefficient and often cause fire hazards. The quality of light is also very low and is expensive. Thus, access to affordable, sustainable and quality lighting sources such as grid electricity (when reliable) or off-grid solutions (mini-grids and solar home systems) is needed for improved lighting. There are many initiatives in Mozambique working towards access to energy for households using off-grid solutions (mini-grids and solar home systems) or improving the grid electricity.
@@ Line 43: / Line 45: @@
 Mozambique’s Fundo de Energia (FUNAE) is the public institution responsible for off-grid rural electrification with a special focus on renewable energy. With monetary support from Mozambique’s utility company Electricidade de Moçambique (EDM), FUNAE has electrified '''580 schools and 561 health centres in 260 villages''' by March 2019<ref name=":0" />. In May 2021, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) approved a grant to electrify 92 health facilities in Sofala Province<ref>U.S. Government Lights Up 92 Health Facilities in Sofala Province with a $320,000 Investment in Solar Power’, U.S. Embassy in Mozambique, 14 May 2021, https://mz.usembassy.gov/u-s-government-lights-up-92-health-facilities-in-sofala-province-with-a-320000-investment-in-solar-power/</ref>. The Government of Mozambique with support from the World Bank continues the efforts to achieve electrification of schools, health centres and administrative buildings through the national programme ''Mozambique Energy for All (ProEnergia)''. The target is to provide grid connections to 400 public facilities by the end of 2024<ref>‘Development Projects : Mozambique Energy For All (ProEnergia), https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P165453</ref>.
-In 2020, GIZ electrified 42 health stations in Gaza, Inhambane, Manica and Zambézia using solar systems. Additionally, they installed solar powered water disinfectants for providing clean water and disinfecting surgical equipment, befitting the  patients and healthcare professionals, as shown in the following video.
+In 2020, GIZ electrified 42 health stations in Gaza, Inhambane, Manica and Zambézia using solar systems. Additionally, they installed solar powered water disinfectants for providing clean water and disinfecting surgical equipment, befitting the  patients and healthcare professionals, as shown in the following video<ref>FASER – Moçambique, ''Levando eletricidade aos postos de saúde em Moçambique'', <nowiki>https://youtu.be/XGavkWKdpBE</nowiki></ref>.
@@ Line 50: / Line 52: @@
 =='''Energy for Productive Use'''==
-===Agriculture ===
+===Agriculture===
 Mozambique is an agricultural country where over 70% of the population depend on agricultural for livelihood<ref>The World Bank, ‘Employment in Agriculture (% of Total Employment) (Modeled ILO Estimate) - Mozambique, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS?locations=MZ</ref>. Thus, access to energy is key for powering and mechanising agricultural processes along the value chain i.e. production (irrigation), harvesting (using machineries), post-harvest storage (cooling units) and processing (drying, milling). It is also important for increasing the efficiency of agricultural processes, reducing post-harvest loss and for food processing and preservation.
@@ Line 63: / Line 65: @@
 ''ProEnergia,'' the ''Mozambique Energy for All'' programme by the World Bank and the Government of Mozambique, aims to provide 400 enterprises with grid connections by the end of 2024<ref>Development Projects</ref>.
 =='''Further Information'''==

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 The use of traditional biomass for cooking and heating in closed indoor facilities without proper ventilation has fatal impact on health. When biomass is burnt indoors using open fires and inefficient cookstoves, they release smoke and pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides<ref name=":3">Anenberg et al., ‘Air Pollution-Related Health and Climate Benefits of Clean Cookstove Programs in Mozambique’, 2017,https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa5557</ref>. According to 2014 data from the World Health Organisation, 3.8 million people die yearly from illnesses caused by [[Indoor Air Pollution (IAP)|household air pollution]] (HAP). The most common cause of death is pneumonia, followed by ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), strokes, and lung cancer<ref>‘Household Air Pollution and Health’, accessed 10 June 2021, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health</ref>. In 2015, it was estimated that HAP caused approx. '''18,000 premature deaths and 696,000 disability-adjusted life years''' in Mozambique<ref name=":3" />. Lack of access to clean cooking technologies also has gendered impact. Women and girls are mostly responsible for carrying fuelwood and are often victims of animal bites or gender-based violence while collecting firewood. Mozambique has lost about '''370,000 square kilometres of forests''' due to unsustainable agricultural practices, urban expansion, and charcoal and timber production<ref>‘How Rampant Deforestation Made Mozambique More Vulnerable to Cyclone Idai’, The New Humanitarian, 24 April 2019, https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2019/04/24/how-rampant-deforestation-made-mozambique-more-vulnerable-cyclone-idai</ref>. Part of the biomass from deforestation is also used for cooking.
 For more information about the impact of lack of clean cooking solutions, please see [[Gender Impacts of Energy Access|this article]].
@@ Line 22: / Line 26: @@
 For an overview of the efforts to increase access to clean cooking solutions in Mozambique and the status of the market, please see '''[[Market Landscape for Improved Cookstoves in Mozambique|this chapter]]'''.
-=== Energy for Lighting ===
+===Energy for Lighting===
 The most common forms of lighting in rural areas include kerosene lamps (17% of the adult population), solar power (14%), candles (12%), lanterns and batteries (7%), and other forms (including fire) (17%). 18% of the adult rural population do not use any kind of lighting at all. As income rises, the use of kerosene, candles, lanterns and other sources (including fire) decreases, while the use of grid electricity increases<ref name=":2" />.
@@ Line 28: / Line 32: @@
 [[Lighting|Fuel-based lighting]] using kerosene lamps and candles are inefficient and often cause fire hazards. The quality of light is also very low and is expensive. Thus, access to affordable, sustainable and quality lighting sources such as grid electricity (when reliable) or off-grid solutions (mini-grids and solar home systems) is needed for improved lighting. There are many initiatives in Mozambique working towards access to energy for households using off-grid solutions (mini-grids and solar home systems) or improving the grid electricity.
 For a list of initiatives, please see this '''[[Energy Access Programmes in Mozambique|article]]'''.
-== '''Energy for Institutions'''  ==
+=='''Energy for Institutions''' ==
 Electrification of institutions such as health clinics, schools, shops etc allows the operation of services even after dark. In case of schools, they are able to introduce night classes, thus increasing attendance rates and the schools can also be converted into community centres in the evening. Another way in which institutions benefit from electrification is the possibility to have internet access to improve the quality of their services and promote digital learning. Data from the After Access Survey in Mozambique shows that only 10% of the population uses internet<ref>‘2019_After-Access_The-State-of-ICT-in-Mozambique.Pdf’, accessed 21 June 2021, https://researchictafrica.net/wp/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/2019_After-Access_The-state-of-ICT-in-Mozambique.pdf   </ref>. In hospitals and health institutions, the presence of a cold chain decreases the risk of spoiled vaccines and is key for bringing vaccines such as COVID-19 vaccines to the most remote rural communities<ref>‘Chilling-Prospects-21-SEforALL.Pdf’, accessed 17 June 2021, https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2021-05/Chilling-Prospects-21-SEforALL.pdf</ref>. Reliable electricity is also needed for running medical appliances and preventing medical appliance breakdown due to unreliable electricity. Mozambique is also prone to natural disasters such as cyclones, floods and landslides. Thus, access to reliable energy is also needed to power Early Warning Systems. These communication systems make it possible to warn the community before a natural disaster strikes.
 Mozambique’s Fundo de Energia (FUNAE) is the public institution responsible for off-grid rural electrification with a special focus on renewable energy. With monetary support from Mozambique’s utility company Electricidade de Moçambique (EDM), FUNAE has electrified '''580 schools and 561 health centres in 260 villages''' by March 2019<ref name=":0" />. In May 2021, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) approved a grant to electrify 92 health facilities in Sofala Province<ref>U.S. Government Lights Up 92 Health Facilities in Sofala Province with a $320,000 Investment in Solar Power’, U.S. Embassy in Mozambique, 14 May 2021, https://mz.usembassy.gov/u-s-government-lights-up-92-health-facilities-in-sofala-province-with-a-320000-investment-in-solar-power/</ref>. The Government of Mozambique with support from the World Bank continues the efforts to achieve electrification of schools, health centres and administrative buildings through the national programme ''Mozambique Energy for All (ProEnergia)''. The target is to provide grid connections to 400 public facilities by the end of 2024<ref>‘Development Projects : Mozambique Energy For All (ProEnergia), https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P165453</ref>.
-In 2020, GIZ (a German development organisation focusing on international cooperation for sustainable development) electrified 42 health stations in Gaza, Inhambane, Manica and Zambézia using solar systems. Additionally, they installed solar powered water disinfectants for providing clean water and disinfecting surgical equipment, befitting the  patients and healthcare professionals, as shown in the following video.
+In 2020, GIZ electrified 42 health stations in Gaza, Inhambane, Manica and Zambézia using solar systems. Additionally, they installed solar powered water disinfectants for providing clean water and disinfecting surgical equipment, befitting the  patients and healthcare professionals, as shown in the following video.
-{{#widget:YouTube|id=oTouk3migjM|height=400|width=600}}
+{{#widget:YouTube|id=XGavkWKdpBE|height=400|width=600}}
-== '''Energy for Productive Use''' ==
+=='''Energy for Productive Use'''==
-=== Agriculture ===
+===Agriculture ===
 Mozambique is an agricultural country where over 70% of the population depend on agricultural for livelihood<ref>The World Bank, ‘Employment in Agriculture (% of Total Employment) (Modeled ILO Estimate) - Mozambique, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS?locations=MZ</ref>. Thus, access to energy is key for powering and mechanising agricultural processes along the value chain i.e. production (irrigation), harvesting (using machineries), post-harvest storage (cooling units) and processing (drying, milling). It is also important for increasing the efficiency of agricultural processes, reducing post-harvest loss and for food processing and preservation.
@@ Line 52: / Line 59: @@
 For more information about solar irrigation in Mozambique, please see [[Solar Powered Irrigation in Mozambique : Market Landscape|'''this chapter''']].
-=== Businesses ===
+===Businesses===
 Reliable energy access is an important part of a prosperous business. Without energy access, variety in production is limited to only certain goods, production might not be stable, and the use of machinery is constrained. About 4.9 million micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are present in Mozambique, from which 85% are located in rural areas. FinScope Survey data from 2012 showed that only 7% of MSME businesses in Mozambique have access to electricity<ref name=":2" />.
 ''ProEnergia,'' the ''Mozambique Energy for All'' programme by the World Bank and the Government of Mozambique, aims to provide 400 enterprises with grid connections by the end of 2024<ref>Development Projects</ref>.
-== '''Further Information''' ==
+=='''Further Information'''==
-* [[Mozambique Electricity Situation|'''Mozambique - Electricity Situation''']]
+*[[Mozambique Electricity Situation|'''Mozambique - Electricity Situation''']]
-* [[Mozambique Renewable Energy Potential|'''Mozambique - Renewable Energy (RE) Potential''']]
+*[[Mozambique Renewable Energy Potential|'''Mozambique - Renewable Energy (RE) Potential''']]
-* [[Policy Framework and Energy Access Strategies in Mozambique|'''Policy Framework & Energy Access Strategies in Mozambique''']]
+*[[Policy Framework and Energy Access Strategies in Mozambique|'''Policy Framework & Energy Access Strategies in Mozambique''']]
-== '''References''' ==
+=='''References'''==
 <references />
 [[Category:Mozambique]]
 [[Category:Energy Access]]