Energy and the Sustainable Development Goals - Revision history

Lisafeldmann: /* Reporting */

2026-01-21T10:32:26Z

Reporting

Lisafeldmann at 10:31, 21 January 2026

2026-01-21T10:31:05Z

Lisafeldmann at 08:19, 29 January 2024

2024-01-29T08:19:03Z

Lisafeldmann at 13:54, 6 June 2023

2023-06-06T13:54:02Z

Lisafeldmann: /* Progress of Goal 7 in 2020 */

2023-06-06T13:53:25Z

Progress of Goal 7 in 2020

Lisafeldmann at 13:52, 6 June 2023

2023-06-06T13:52:57Z

Lisafeldmann at 13:49, 6 June 2023

2023-06-06T13:49:57Z

Lisafeldmann at 13:49, 6 June 2023

2023-06-06T13:49:13Z

Lisafeldmann at 13:48, 6 June 2023

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Lisafeldmann at 13:32, 6 June 2023

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 === Reporting ===
-Data collection and reporting will be carried out as follows:<ref name="Development of a global reporting mechanism - Background note to the Third Meeting of the IAEG - SDGs, 30 March – 1 April 2016. http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/meetings/iaeg-sdgs-meeting-03/Item9-BG-Development-of-a-global-reporting-mechanism.pdf">Development of a global reporting mechanism - Background note to the Third Meeting of the IAEG - SDGs, 30 March – 1 April 2016. http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/meetings/iaeg-sdgs-meeting-03/Item9-BG-Development-of-a-global-reporting-mechanism.pdf </ref>
+Data collection and reporting is carried out as follows:<ref name="Development of a global reporting mechanism - Background note to the Third Meeting of the IAEG - SDGs, 30 March – 1 April 2016. http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/meetings/iaeg-sdgs-meeting-03/Item9-BG-Development-of-a-global-reporting-mechanism.pdf">Development of a global reporting mechanism - Background note to the Third Meeting of the IAEG - SDGs, 30 March – 1 April 2016. http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/meetings/iaeg-sdgs-meeting-03/Item9-BG-Development-of-a-global-reporting-mechanism.pdf </ref>
-*Countries will provide their national data and metadata to international agencies, coordinated by the national statistical office, and facilitated as appropriate, by regional mechanisms;
+*Countries provide their national data and metadata to international agencies, coordinated by the national statistical office, and facilitated as appropriate, by regional mechanisms;
-*International agencies will provide global and regional aggregates&nbsp;and accompanying&nbsp;metadata&nbsp;to UNSD&nbsp;for use&nbsp;in the annual progress report&nbsp;and inclusion in the SDG&nbsp;indicator database;<br/>
+*International agencies provide global and regional aggregates&nbsp;and accompanying&nbsp;metadata&nbsp;to UNSD&nbsp;for use&nbsp;in the annual progress report&nbsp;and inclusion in the SDG&nbsp;indicator database;
-*International agencies&nbsp;will provide country level data and accompanying metadata to&nbsp;UNSD for inclusion in a SDG indicator database, which will be used during the&nbsp;preparation of the annual SDG progress report.<br/>
+*International agenciesprovide country level data and accompanying metadata to&nbsp;UNSD for inclusion in a SDG indicator database, which will be used during the&nbsp;preparation of the annual SDG progress report.<br />
 {{Go to Top}}

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 *Valid from 1.1.2016-31.12.2030
-*17 Sustainable Development Goals with 169 targets and 232 indicators<ref name="SDG tracker https://sdg-tracker.org/">SDG tracker https://sdg-tracker.org/</ref>
+*17 Sustainable Development Goals with 169 targets and 232 indicators<ref name="SDG tracker https://sdg-tracker.org/">Our World in Data team (2023) - “SDG Tracker: Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals” Published online at OurWorldinData.org. Retrieved from: https://ourworldindata.org/sdgs</ref>
-*Universal goals and targets, which involve the entire world, developed and developing countries alike. They are integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development (social, environment, economic). => each country needs to integrate the SDGs into its policies and formulate implementation strategies.<br/>
+*Universal goals and targets, which involve the entire world, developed and developing countries alike. They are integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development (social, environment, economic). => each country needs to integrate the SDGs into its policies and formulate implementation strategies.
+*The UN has conducted the largest consultation programme in its history to obtain opinion on what the SDGs should include.<ref>UNDP: Background on the Goals. https://www.undp.org/sdg-accelerator/background-goals</ref>
 == Indicator Development and Global Reporting Mechanism ==
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 === Indicator Tiers ===
-Based on their level of methodological development and overall data availability, the indicators are grouped into three different tiers:<ref name="IAEG-SDGs - Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/tier-classification/">IAEG-SDGs - Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/tier-classification/</ref><br/>
+Based on their level of methodological development and overall data availability, the indicators are grouped into two different tiers:<ref name="IAEG-SDGs - Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/tier-classification/">IAEG-SDGs - Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/tier-classification/</ref>
-*A first tier for indicators which are conceptually clear, where an established methodology and standards exist. Data are regularly produced by countries for at least 50% of countries and of the population in all regions where the indicator is relevant (Tier I); As of July 2020, Tier I contains 123 indicators.<ref name="IAEG-SDGs - Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/tier-classification/">IAEG-SDGs - Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/tier-classification/</ref><br/>
+*A first tier for indicators which are conceptually clear, where an established methodology and standards exist. Data are regularly produced by countries for at least 50% of countries and of the population in all regions where the indicator is relevant (Tier I); As of April 2025, Tier I contains 161 indicators.<ref name="IAEG-SDGs - Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/tier-classification/">IAEG-SDGs - Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/tier-classification/</ref><br/>
-*A second tier for indicators which are conceptually clear, with established methodology and standards, but data are not regularly produced by countries (Tier II); As of July 2020, Tier II contains 106 indicators. 2 indicators have multiple tiers.<ref name="IAEG-SDGs - Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/tier-classification/">IAEG-SDGs - Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/tier-classification/</ref><br/>
+*A second tier for indicators which are conceptually clear, with established methodology and standards, but data are not regularly produced by countries (Tier II); As of April 2025, Tier II contains 60 indicators. 8 indicators have multiple tiers and 5 indicators still pending data availability reviews.<ref name="IAEG-SDGs - Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/tier-classification/">IAEG-SDGs - Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/tier-classification/</ref>
-*A third tier for which an internationally agreed methodology or standards are not yet available but will be / are being developed (Tier III).<ref name="IAEG-SDGs - Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/tier-classification/">IAEG-SDGs - Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/tier-classification/</ref><br/>
+there was inititally a third tier for indicators for which an internationally agreed methodology or standards are not yet available but will be / are being developed (Tier III).<ref name="IAEG-SDGs - Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/tier-classification/">IAEG-SDGs - Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/tier-classification/</ref><br />As of the 51st session of the United Nations Statistical Commission (UNSC), the global indicator framework does not contain any Tier III indicators.
 === Reporting ===

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	[[Category:Sustainable_Development_Goals_(SDGs)]]		[[Category:Sustainable_Development_Goals_(SDGs)]]
		+	[[Category:SDG7]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:54, 6 June 2023
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	<br/>For more details on tracking SDG 7 see The World Bank (2019): "[https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/data/files/download-documents/2019-tracking_sdg7-complete-rev030320.pdf 2019 Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report]"		<br/>For more details on tracking SDG 7 see The World Bank (2019): "[https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/data/files/download-documents/2019-tracking_sdg7-complete-rev030320.pdf 2019 Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report]"
		+

	=== Progress of Goal 7 in 2020 ===		=== Progress of Goal 7 in 2020 ===

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 The world is making good progress on increasing access to electricity and improving energy efficiency. However, still millions of people around the world lack access to electricity and progress on access to clean cooking fuels and technologies is too slow. The COVID-19 pandemic spotlights the need for reliable and affordable electricity to health centres. However, a survey conducted in selected developing countries showed that one quarter of the health facilities surveyed were not electrified and another quarter reported unscheduled outages affecting their capacity to deliver essential health services. All these facts further weaken the health system response to the current health crisis.&nbsp;<br/>
-*The '''global electrification rate rose from 83% in 2010 to 90% by 2018'''. Latin America and the Caribbean and Eastern and South-Eastern Asia maintained strong progress, exceeding '''98% access by 2018'''. Conversely, the world’s deficit is increasingly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa where around'''548 million, or 53% of its population, lack access to electricity.'''<br/>
+*The global electrification rate rose from 83% in 2010 to 90% by 2018. Latin America and the Caribbean and Eastern and South-Eastern Asia maintained strong progress, exceeding 98% access by 2018. Conversely, the world’s deficit is increasingly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa where around548 million, or 53% of its population, lack access to electricity.<br/>
-*Access to'''clean cooking fuels and technologies''' increased to '''63% in 2018, from 60% in 2015 and 56% in 2010'''. Still, '''2.8 billion people''' lack such access and rely primarily on inefficient and 12 polluting cooking systems. Because of a stagnant rate and fast population growth, in sub-Saharan Africa, '''the number of people without access to clean fuels for cooking increased'''<br/>
+*Access toclean cooking fuels and technologies increased to 63% in 2018, from 60% in 2015 and 56% in 2010. Still, 2.8 billion people lack such access and rely primarily on inefficient and 12 polluting cooking systems. Because of a stagnant rate and fast population growth, in sub-Saharan Africa, the number of people without access to clean fuels for cooking increased<br/>
-*The '''renewable energy share of total final energy consumption gradually increased from 16.3% in 2010 to 17.0% in 2015 and 17.3% in 2017'''. Much faster growth is required to meet long-term climate goals.<br/>
+*The renewable energy share of total final energy consumption gradually increased from 16.3% in 2010 to 17.0% in 2015 and 17.3% in 2017. Much faster growth is required to meet long-term climate goals.<br/>
-*'''Global primary energy intensity''' (energy used per unit of GDP) '''improved by 2.2% annually, from 5.2 in 2015 to 5.0 in 2017''', a rate still short of the 2.7% annual rate needed to reach SDG target 7.3.<br/>
+*Global primary energy intensity (energy used per unit of GDP) improved by 2.2% annually, from 5.2 in 2015 to 5.0 in 2017, a rate still short of the 2.7% annual rate needed to reach SDG target 7.3.<br/>
-*International '''financial flows''' to developing countries in support of clean and renewable energy reached '''$21.4 billion in 2017''', '''13% more than in 2016''', and a two-fold increase from flows committed in 2010. Hydropower projects received '''46% of 2017 flows''', while solar projects received '''19%''', wind '''7%''' and geothermal '''6%'''.<br/>
+*International financial flows to developing countries in support of clean and renewable energy reached $21.4 billion in 2017, 13% more than in 2016, and a two-fold increase from flows committed in 2010. Hydropower projects received 46% of 2017 flows, while solar projects received 19%, wind 7% and geothermal 6%.<br/>
 <br/>

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 Access to electricity in the poorest countries has begun to accelerate, energy efficiency continues to improve and renewable energy is making gains in electricity sector. Despite this progress, some 800 million people remain without electricity while access to clean cooking fuels and technologies needs dedicated attention. In addition, if Sustainable Development Goals 7, 13 and related Goals are to be met, much higher levels of ambition are required with regard to renewable energy, including transportation and heating.
-*The '''global electrification rate rose from 83 per cent in 2010 to 87 per cent in 2015''', with the increase accelerating to reach 89 per cent in 2017. However, '''some 840 million people around the world are still without access to electricity'''.
+*The global electrification rate rose from 83 per cent in 2010 to 87 per cent in 2015, with the increase accelerating to reach 89 per cent in 2017. However, some 840 million people around the world are still without access to electricity.
-*The '''global share of the population with access to clean cooking fuels and technologies reached 61 per cent in 2017''', up from 57 per cent in 2010. Despite this progress, '''close to 3 billion people still rely primarily on inefficient and polluting cooking systems.'''
+*The global share of the population with access to clean cooking fuels and technologies reached 61 per cent in 2017, up from 57 per cent in 2010. Despite this progress, close to 3 billion people still rely primarily on inefficient and polluting cooking systems.
-*The r'''enewable energy share of total final energy consumption gradually increased from 16.6 per cent in 2010 to 17.5 per cent in 2016,''' though '''much faster change is required to meet climate goals'''. Even though the absolute level of renewable energy consumption has grown by more than 18 per cent since 2010, only since 2012 has the growth of renewables outpaced the growth of total energy consumption.
+*The renewable energy share of total final energy consumption gradually increased from 16.6 per cent in 2010 to 17.5 per cent in 2016, though much faster change is required to meet climate goals. Even though the absolute level of renewable energy consumption has grown by more than 18 per cent since 2010, only since 2012 has the growth of renewables outpaced the growth of total energy consumption.
-*'''Global primary energy intensity '''(ratio of energy used per unit of GDP) '''improved from 5.9 in 2010 to 5.1 in 2016''', a rate of improvement of 2.3 per cent, which is '''still short of the 2.7 per cent annual rate needed '''to reach target 3 of Sustainable Development Goal 7.
+*Global primary energy intensity (ratio of energy used per unit of GDP) improved from 5.9 in 2010 to 5.1 in 2016, a rate of improvement of 2.3 per cent, which is still short of the 2.7 per cent annual rate needed to reach target 3 of Sustainable Development Goal 7.
-*International&nbsp;'''financial flows''' to developing countries in support of clean and renewable energy '''reached $18.6 billion in 2016, almost doubling from $9.9 billion in 2010'''.<ref name="UN (2019): Report of the Secretary-General on SDG progress 2019. Special edition. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24978Report_of_the_SG_on_SDG_Progress_2019.pdf">UN (2019): Report of the Secretary-General on SDG progress 2019. Special edition. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24978Report_of_the_SG_on_SDG_Progress_2019.pdf</ref>
+*International&nbsp;financial flows to developing countries in support of clean and renewable energy reached $18.6 billion in 2016, almost doubling from $9.9 billion in 2010.<ref name="UN (2019): Report of the Secretary-General on SDG progress 2019. Special edition. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24978Report_of_the_SG_on_SDG_Progress_2019.pdf">UN (2019): Report of the Secretary-General on SDG progress 2019. Special edition. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24978Report_of_the_SG_on_SDG_Progress_2019.pdf</ref>
 <br/>For more details on tracking SDG 7 see The World Bank (2019): "[https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/data/files/download-documents/2019-tracking_sdg7-complete-rev030320.pdf 2019 Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report]"
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 <br/>
-=== Progress of Goal 7 in 2021 ===
+=== Progress of Goal 7 in 2023 ===
 The following points are copied from the report Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report 2023. See: IEA, IRENA, UNSD, World Bank, WHO. 2023. T[https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/downloads racking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report].<ref>IEA, IRENA, UNSD, World Bank, WHO. 2023. [https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/downloads Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report.]</ref>

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 * Progress in energy efficiency measures is also off track, with only a 0.6% rate of improvement in 2021. Energy intensity must improve at no less than 3.4 percent annually from now until 2030 to make up for the shortfall.
 * International public financial flows to developing countries to support clean energy decreased for the third year running, amounting to USD 10.8 billion in 2021. This is only about 40% of the 2017 peak of USD 26.4 billion.
 == Energy and its contribution to the achievement of other SDGs ==

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 Besides SDG 7, however, energy is only mentioned explicitly in Goal 12 on sustainable consumption (see below in the table). This means governments will have to report on it.<br/>In previous framework versions, Goal 4 had an indicator 4.a.1 which stated i.a. the "Proportion of schools with access to: (a)&nbsp;electricity (...)"<ref name="UN Stats SDG Indicators Metadata repository http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-04-0A-01.pdf">UN Stats SDG Indicators Metadata repository http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-04-0A-01.pdf</ref> However, this indicator is no longer entailed in the 2020 Global Indicator Framework. The following list shows to which goals or indicators energy contributes. It is not necessarily comprehensive, so feel free to add further goals and indicators where energy plays a role in achieving them.<br/>
-{{Go to Top}}<br/><br/><br/>
+{{Go to Top}}<br/><br/>
 === Goal 1 ===

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:48, 6 June 2023
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	<br/>		<br/>

		+	=== Progress of Goal 7 in 2021 ===
		+	The following points are copied from the report Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report 2023. See: IEA, IRENA, UNSD, World Bank, WHO. 2023. T[https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/downloads racking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report].<ref>IEA, IRENA, UNSD, World Bank, WHO. 2023. [https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/downloads Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report.]</ref>
		+
		+	The world is not on track to achieve any of the SDG7 targets.
		+
		+	In 2021:
		+
		+	* 675 million people still lacked access to electricity. Of those, 567 million people lived in Sub-Saharan Africa – accounting for more than 80% of the global population without access. At the current rate of progress, 660 million people are projected to still lack access to electricity in 2030
		+	* 2.3 billion people lacked access to clean cooking, largely in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. At the current rate of progress, 1.9 billion people would continue to rely on polluting cooking fuels in 2030.
		+
		+	* Renewable energy deployment has risen significantly in the power sector, growing by around 27 percent in 2010-2020 and 7 percent in 2019-2020 – the largest annual growth recorded over the past three decades.
		+	* The share of renewable sources in total final energy consumption reached 19.1 percent globally in 2020, compared to 16.7% in 2010. However, current progress is insufficient and renewable energy deployment must accelerate considerably – particularly in heat and transport.
		+	* Progress in energy efficiency measures is also off track, with only a 0.6% rate of improvement in 2021. Energy intensity must improve at no less than 3.4 percent annually from now until 2030 to make up for the shortfall.
		+	* International public financial flows to developing countries to support clean energy decreased for the third year running, amounting to USD 10.8 billion in 2021. This is only about 40% of the 2017 peak of USD 26.4 billion.

	== Energy and its contribution to the achievement of other SDGs ==		== Energy and its contribution to the achievement of other SDGs ==

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 *International&nbsp;'''financial flows''' to developing countries in support of clean and renewable energy '''reached $18.6 billion in 2016, almost doubling from $9.9 billion in 2010'''.<ref name="UN (2019): Report of the Secretary-General on SDG progress 2019. Special edition. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24978Report_of_the_SG_on_SDG_Progress_2019.pdf">UN (2019): Report of the Secretary-General on SDG progress 2019. Special edition. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24978Report_of_the_SG_on_SDG_Progress_2019.pdf</ref>
-<br/>
+<br/>For more details on tracking SDG 7 see The World Bank (2019): "[https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/data/files/download-documents/2019-tracking_sdg7-complete-rev030320.pdf 2019 Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report]"
 === Progress of Goal 7 in 2020 ===
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 *'''Global primary energy intensity''' (energy used per unit of GDP) '''improved by 2.2% annually, from 5.2 in 2015 to 5.0 in 2017''', a rate still short of the 2.7% annual rate needed to reach SDG target 7.3.<br/>
 *International '''financial flows''' to developing countries in support of clean and renewable energy reached '''$21.4 billion in 2017''', '''13% more than in 2016''', and a two-fold increase from flows committed in 2010. Hydropower projects received '''46% of 2017 flows''', while solar projects received '''19%''', wind '''7%''' and geothermal '''6%'''.<br/>
 <br/>
-= Energy and its contribution to the achievement of other SDGs =
+== Energy and its contribution to the achievement of other SDGs ==
 Energy access, renewable energy, energy efficiency and other energy-related issues are contributing directly or indirectly to the achievement of almost all other SDGs by facilitating and enabling relevant development processes.<br/>
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 {{Go to Top}}<br/><br/><br/>
-=== Goal 1<br/> ===
+=== Goal 1 ===
 [[File:SDG Icons-01.jpg|border|left|x75px|alt=SDG Icons-01.jpg]]<br/>
@@ Line 208: / Line 202: @@
 {{Go to Top}}<br/>
-<br/>
+=== Goal 2 ===
 [[File:TGG Icon Color 02.png|border|75px|Goal 2|alt=Goal 2]] '''End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture'''
@@ Line 324: / Line 314: @@
 <br/>
-{{Go to Top}}<br/>
+{{Go to Top}}<br/><br />
-=== Goal 4<br/> ===
+=== Goal 4 ===
 [[File:TGG Icon Color 04.png|border|75px|Goal 4|alt=Goal 4]] '''Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all'''<br/>
@@ Line 399: / Line 387: @@
 <br/>
-{{Go to Top}}<br/>
+{{Go to Top}}<br/><br />
-=== Goal 5<br/> ===
+=== Goal 5 ===
 [[File:Sustainable Development Goal 5.png|border|75px|Goal 5|alt=Goal 5]] '''Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls'''<br/>
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 {{Go to Top}}<br/>
 === Goal 6 ===
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 <br/>
-{{Go to Top}}<br/>
+{{Go to Top}}<br/><br />
-=== Goal 8&nbsp;<br/> ===
+=== Goal 8&nbsp;===
 [[File:TGG Icon Color 08.png|border|75px|Goal 8|alt=Goal 8]] '''Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all'''
@@ Line 519: / Line 501: @@
 {{Go to Top}}
-<br/>
+=== Goal 9 ===
 [[File:Sustainable Development Goal 9.png|border|75px|Goal 9|alt=Goal 9]] '''Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation'''<br/>
@@ Line 560: / Line 540: @@
 <br/>
-=== Goal 11<br/> ===
+=== Goal 11 ===
 [[File:TGG Icon Color 11.png|border|75px|Goal 11|alt=Goal 11]] '''Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable'''
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 {{Go to Top}}<br/>
-<br/>
+<br />
-=== Goal 12<br/> ===
+=== Goal 12 ===
 [[File:Sustainable Development Goal 12.png|border|75px|Goal 12|alt=Goal 12]] '''Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns'''<br/>This is the only SDG, where energy and energy-related issues are mentioned explicitly in the indicators (marked in bold).
@@ Line 638: / Line 616: @@
 {{Go to Top}}<br/>
-<br/>
+<br />
-=== Goal 13<br/> ===
+=== Goal 13 ===
 [[File:TGG Icon Color 13.png|border|75px|Goal 13|alt=Goal 13]] '''Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts'''<br/>
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 {{Go to Top}}<br/>
 === Goal 15 ===
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 {{Go to Top}}<br/>
 === Goal 17 ===
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 <br/>
-<br/>
+== Further Information ==
 *Overview on all 17 goals: [https://sdgs.un.org/goals https://sdgs.un.org/goals]
@@ Line 814: / Line 780: @@
 *[http://ccsi.columbia.edu/work/projects/mapping-renewables-to-the-sustainable-development-goals/ http://ccsi.columbia.edu/work/projects/mapping-renewables-to-the-sustainable-development-goals/]
 {{Go to Top}}<br/>
 = References =