Axel Heinemann: 1 revision

2014-11-08T16:52:21Z

1 revision

Franz Schreier at 18:17, 6 November 2014

2014-11-06T18:17:44Z

New page

{{Powering Agriculture Technology Database
|PAT quality check=Yes
|PAT Name=Fuel Cells
|PAT Picture=Fuel Cell.jpg
|PAT Type RE=Renewable Energy
|PAT Type Alternative=Alternative Methodology
|PAT Description=A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent. Hydrogen is the most common fuel, but hydrocarbons such as natural gas and alcohols like methanol are used sometimes.

Beside stationary applications fuel-cells are also used to power vehicles, including tractors and forklifts.

In addition to electricity, fuel cells produce water and heat. Beside that, the emmisions are very low, mainly a very small amount of nitrogen dioxide. The electrical efficiency of a fuel cell is generally between 40–60%, using the waste heat the efficiency can go up to 85%.
|PAT Technology Application Solar=Solar
|PAT Technology Application Wind=Wind
|PAT Technology Application Hydro=Hydro
|PAT Technology Application Other=power generated with renewable resources
|PAT Value Processing=Processing
|PAT Value Other=all steps, where combined power and heat or mobility are required
|PAT Actions Heating=Heating
|PAT Actions Drying=Drying
|PAT Actions Other=all actions, where combined power and heat or mobility are required
|PAT Commodity Other=all groups, where combined power and heat or mobility are required
|PAT Dev Region Worldwide=None
|PAT Dev Region South Asia=
|PAT Dev Country South Asia=
|PAT Dev Region Africa=
|PAT Dev Country Africa=
|PAT Dev Region East Asia=
|PAT Dev Country East Asia=
|PAT Dev Region Europe=
|PAT Dev Country Europe=
|PAT Dev Region Latin America=
|PAT Dev Country Latin America=
|PAT Dev Region Middle East=
|PAT Dev Country Middle East=
|PAT Dev Region North America=
|PAT Dev Country North America=
|PAT Dep Region Worldwide=None
|PAT Dep Region South Asia=
|PAT Dep Country South Asia=
|PAT Dep Region Africa=
|PAT Dep Country Africa=
|PAT Dep Region East Asia=
|PAT Dep Country East Asia=
|PAT Dep Region Europe=
|PAT Dep Country Europe=
|PAT Dep Region Latin America=
|PAT Dep Country Latin America=
|PAT Dep Region Middle East=
|PAT Dep Country Middle East=
|PAT Dep Region North America=
|PAT Dep Country North America=
|PAT Dep Pot Region Worldwide=None
|PAT Dep Pot Region South Asia=
|PAT Dep Pot Country South Asia=
|PAT Dep Pot Region Africa=
|PAT Dep Pot Country Africa=
|PAT Dep Pot Region East Asia=
|PAT Dep Pot Country East Asia=
|PAT Dep Pot Region Europe=
|PAT Dep Pot Country Europe=
|PAT Dep Pot Region Latin America=
|PAT Dep Pot Country Latin America=
|PAT Dep Pot Region Middle East=
|PAT Dep Pot Country Middle East=
|PAT Dep Pot Region North America=
|PAT Dep Pot Country North America=
|PAT Manufacturers=Here is a list of 200 companies related to fuel cell development or production: http://www.fuelcells.org/top_200.cgim?slug=
|PAT Economics=In some specific applications, fuel cells are already economic at the given frame conditions (2014). Upcoming serial production will lower the cost of fuel cells and will probably allow a broader use with short payback times in many stationary and mobile applications.
|PAT Technology Development Level=First Implementations; Many development projects and commercial projects of stationary and mobile fuel cell applications; Close to the edge technology for a soon commercial break through;
Prototype of hydrogene powered tractor (New Holland, http://agriculture.newholland.com/us/en/About-New-Holland/Innovation/Pages/NH2-Tractor.aspx)
Hydrogene delivery infrastructure has to be established;
|PAT Maintenance=Medium: Technology can be maintained through its life cycle with uncommon tools and requires moderate training for maintenance;
|PAT Infrastructure=Medium: Technology development requires uncommon tools, mid-development level supporting technologies and moderately trained personnel;

Reliable hydrogene or natural gas supply system;
|PAT Required Resources Manufacture=Water, metals, chemicals, industrial production facilities;
|PAT Required Resources Operation=Fuels: mainly hydrogene or methane;
|PAT Deployment Level=Local availability; Fuel cells are in an early deployment stage, used in several stationary and mobile applications yet;
|PAT Deployment Capability=Very high; The technology can be widely deployed but resources or material supply and distribution chains are required;
|PAT Requirements for Deployment=Industrial serial production to bring down the cost; Fuel-supply infrastructure; Know-how transfer and engineering;
|PAT Relevance Autonomy=Depending on the application, fuel cells can have an important impact on food security, when fuel source is renewable;
|PAT Environment Impacts=Low: When fuel comes from a renewable energy source;
|PAT Bio-Cybernetic=Hydrogene economy with fuel cells based on renewable energies is in good compliance with the Cybernetic System Rules.
|PAT Links=http://www.pointsourcepower.com/products.html

http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2011/October/31101103.asp

http://www.bigpictureagriculture.com/2013/08/1959-fuel-cell-tractor-419.html

http://agriculture.newholland.com/us/en/About-New-Holland/Innovation/Pages/NH2-Tractor.aspx

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell
|PAT Category=Power Sources
|PAT Pumping=
|PAT Lighting=
|PAT Heating=
|PAT Cooling=
|PAT Wind=
|PAT Biomass=
|PAT Biofuel=
|PAT Biogas=
|PAT Humans=
|PAT Animals=
|PAT Biochar=
|PAT Composte=
|PAT Insects=
|PAT Plants=
|PAT Others=
}}

Fuel Cells (PA Technology) - Revision history

Axel Heinemann: 1 revision

Franz Schreier at 18:17, 6 November 2014