Gender Impacts of Energy Access - Revision history

Ranisha: /* Overview */

2019-03-15T13:41:39Z

Overview

Ranisha at 14:25, 2 May 2018

2018-05-02T14:25:31Z

Ranisha at 08:26, 2 May 2018

2018-05-02T08:26:09Z

Ranisha at 08:22, 2 May 2018

2018-05-02T08:22:09Z

Johanna: /* Further Information */

2018-05-01T09:26:01Z

Further Information

Johanna: /* Further Information */

2018-05-01T09:16:25Z

Further Information

Johanna at 09:12, 1 May 2018

2018-05-01T09:12:50Z

Johanna at 08:46, 1 May 2018

2018-05-01T08:46:27Z

Ranisha at 19:27, 30 April 2018

2018-04-30T19:27:33Z

Ranisha at 19:26, 30 April 2018

2018-04-30T19:26:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:41, 15 March 2019
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	'''Women''' in these areas, typically responsible for a household’s energy supply, '''suffer the greatest impact of energy poverty'''. Evidence of this can be found in observable consequences such as health or physical drudgery, as well as in terms of social inequality and limited personal empowerment.		'''Women''' in these areas, typically responsible for a household’s energy supply, '''suffer the greatest impact of energy poverty'''. Evidence of this can be found in observable consequences such as health or physical drudgery, as well as in terms of social inequality and limited personal empowerment.
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	= Direct Impacts on Gender =		= Direct Impacts on Gender =

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 = Overview =
 <br/>
-Lack of access to energy has a clear impact on communities because inadequate energy infrastructure causes the marginalization of entire villages or cities. At the same time, '''energy poverty strongly affects the individual’s living and social conditions''' and undermines educational and business opportunities.
+[[Socio-economic impact of access to energy|Lack of access to energy has a clear impact on communities]] because inadequate energy infrastructure causes the marginalization of entire villages or cities. At the same time, '''[[Energy Poverty|energy poverty]] strongly affects the individual’s living and social conditions''' and undermines educational and business opportunities.
 '''Women''' in these areas, typically responsible for a household’s energy supply, '''suffer the greatest impact of energy poverty'''. Evidence of this can be found in observable consequences such as health or physical drudgery, as well as in terms of social inequality and limited personal empowerment.
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 *[[Integration of Gender Issues#Options for Integrating Gender Issues into Energy Projects|Integrating Gender Issues into Energy Projects]]
 *'''[[:Portal:Energy Access|Energy Access Portal]]'''
 {{Go to Top}}<br/>
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 '''Written by: [http://fsr.eui.eu/people/ilaria-bellacci/ Ilaria Bellacci,]'''Research Associate, [http://fsr.eui.eu/ Florence School of Regulation]
 [[Category:Energy_Access]]

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 = Further Information =
 {{EnergyAccessPortal}}
-*Other articels on [[:Category:Gender|Gender Impacts of Energy Access]]
+*Other articles on [[:Category:Gender|Gender Impacts of Energy Access]]
 *[[The Role of Gender Concerns in the Planning of Small-scale Energy Projects in Developing Countries|The Role of Gender Concerns in the Planning of Small-scale Energy Projects in Developing Countries]]
 *[[Strengthen Women’s Capacity to Participate in and Benefit From Energy Markets|Strengthen Women’s Capacity to Participate in and Benefit From Energy Markets]]
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 '''Written by: [http://fsr.eui.eu/people/ilaria-bellacci/ Ilaria Bellacci,]'''Research Associate, [http://fsr.eui.eu/ Florence School of Regulation]
 [[Category:Impacts_Health]]

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 = Overview =
 <br/>
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 == Health ==
 <br/>
-Lack of access to modern energy is responsible for over '''4 million premature deaths every year<ref name="World Health Organization (2016). Household Air Pollution and Health, Media Centre, Fact Sheet N° 292. Available online at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/">World Health Organization (2016). Household Air Pollution and Health, Media Centre, Fact Sheet N° 292. Available online at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/</ref> '''and has a strong impact on women’s health as they are commonly responsible for ensuring the daily energy supply for cooking and heating.
+[[File:New light for new life.jpg| border|250px| right | light for health center]] Lack of access to modern energy is responsible for over '''4 million premature deaths every year<ref name="World Health Organization (2016). Household Air Pollution and Health, Media Centre, Fact Sheet N° 292. Available online at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/">World Health Organization (2016). Household Air Pollution and Health, Media Centre, Fact Sheet N° 292. Available online at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/</ref> '''and has a strong impact on women’s health as they are commonly responsible for ensuring the daily energy supply for cooking and heating.
 Women who cannot rely on modern cooking facilities still burn traditional biofuels (wood, agricultural residues, human and animal waste) for domestic purposes. When electricity is not available, candles, kerosene, or alternative and highly polluting fuels are used for lighting. The '''improper usage '''of fuels, along with '''scarce indoor ventilation''' has serious consequences on health and increases the risk of stroke, pneumonia, lung disease and cancer, asthma, bronchitis and ischemic heart disease.&nbsp; Women and children suffer the most from respiratory diseases, as they spend much time indoors. Studies have shown that burning traditional biofuels for domestic use increases the risk of pneumonia by 80% compared to the use of clean cooking facilities and doubles the chances of developing lung disease and lung cancer<ref name="Gunnar K. et al. (2011). Energy, Gender and Development. What are the Linkages? Where is the Evidence?, The World Bank Sustainable Development Network, Research Working Paper 5800. Available at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/3564/WPS5800.pdf;sequence=1">Gunnar K. et al. (2011). Energy, Gender and Development. What are the Linkages? Where is the Evidence?, The World Bank Sustainable Development Network, Research Working Paper 5800. Available at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/3564/WPS5800.pdf;sequence=1</ref>.
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 == Safety ==
 <br/>
-Electrification of '''public spaces''', such as streets and squares, has a positive impact on '''women’s security''' because it decreases the crime rate and physical and sexual violence. The positive correlation between public lighting and women’s perception of safety is also important. When women do not feel secure walking alone before dawn or after sunset, they restrict their activities and movements, reducing personal empowerment and affecting educational and business opportunities.<ref name="Power Africa (2017). Exploring the Relationship Between Energy Access and Gender-Based Violence. Available online at: https://medium.com/@PowerAfrica/exploring-the-relationship-between-energy-access-and-gender-based-violence-ee8d9e320437">Power Africa (2017). Exploring the Relationship Between Energy Access and Gender-Based Violence. Available online at: https://medium.com/@PowerAfrica/exploring-the-relationship-between-energy-access-and-gender-based-violence-ee8d9e320437</ref>
+[[File:New light to the villages of Senegal.png|border|left|300px|New light to the villages of Senegal]]Electrification of '''public spaces''', such as streets and squares, has a positive impact on '''women’s security''' because it decreases the crime rate and physical and sexual violence. The positive correlation between public lighting and women’s perception of safety is also important. When women do not feel secure walking alone before dawn or after sunset, they restrict their activities and movements, reducing personal empowerment and affecting educational and business opportunities.<ref name="Power Africa (2017). Exploring the Relationship Between Energy Access and Gender-Based Violence. Available online at: https://medium.com/@PowerAfrica/exploring-the-relationship-between-energy-access-and-gender-based-violence-ee8d9e320437">Power Africa (2017). Exploring the Relationship Between Energy Access and Gender-Based Violence. Available online at: https://medium.com/@PowerAfrica/exploring-the-relationship-between-energy-access-and-gender-based-violence-ee8d9e320437</ref>
 {{Go to Top}}
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 == Education ==
 <br/>
-Access to electricity is also found to have a strong connection with '''girls’ education'''.
+[[File:Energy for education.jpg|right|300px|Energy for education]] Access to electricity is also found to have a strong connection with '''girls’ education'''.
 Having electricity at home and in schools allows for studying and reading at night, watching TV and therefore accessing multiple information sources.
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 '''Written by: [http://fsr.eui.eu/people/ilaria-bellacci/ Ilaria Bellacci,]'''Research Associate, [http://fsr.eui.eu/ Florence School of Regulation]
 [[Category:Energy_Access]]

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 {{Go to Top}}
 <br/>
 = Further Information =
+{{EnergyAccessPortal}}
 *Other articels on [[:Category:Gender|Gender Impacts of Energy Access]]
 *[[The Role of Gender Concerns in the Planning of Small-scale Energy Projects in Developing Countries|The Role of Gender Concerns in the Planning of Small-scale Energy Projects in Developing Countries]]

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 = Overview =
 Lack of access to energy has a clear impact on communities because inadequate energy infrastructure causes the marginalization of entire villages or cities. At the same time, '''energy poverty strongly affects the individual’s living and social conditions''' and undermines educational and business opportunities.
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 == Health ==
 Lack of access to modern energy is responsible for over '''4 million premature deaths every year<ref name="World Health Organization (2016). Household Air Pollution and Health, Media Centre, Fact Sheet N° 292. Available online at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/">World Health Organization (2016). Household Air Pollution and Health, Media Centre, Fact Sheet N° 292. Available online at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/</ref> '''and has a strong impact on women’s health as they are commonly responsible for ensuring the daily energy supply for cooking and heating.
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 == Safety ==
 Electrification of '''public spaces''', such as streets and squares, has a positive impact on '''women’s security''' because it decreases the crime rate and physical and sexual violence. The positive correlation between public lighting and women’s perception of safety is also important. When women do not feel secure walking alone before dawn or after sunset, they restrict their activities and movements, reducing personal empowerment and affecting educational and business opportunities.<ref name="Power Africa (2017). Exploring the Relationship Between Energy Access and Gender-Based Violence. Available online at: https://medium.com/@PowerAfrica/exploring-the-relationship-between-energy-access-and-gender-based-violence-ee8d9e320437">Power Africa (2017). Exploring the Relationship Between Energy Access and Gender-Based Violence. Available online at: https://medium.com/@PowerAfrica/exploring-the-relationship-between-energy-access-and-gender-based-violence-ee8d9e320437</ref>
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 == Education ==
 Access to electricity is also found to have a strong connection with '''girls’ education'''.
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 = Potential Measures & Solutions =
 As women are often primary energy users, it is important that their specific needs and requirements are met in the market. Having '''women employed in different segments of the energy supply chain '''and actively involved in energy production, bring significant economic advantages. As women are more aware of the households’ energy needs, they also tackle them more effectively, designing more adequate solutions, technologies, services and policies. Such awareness also increases women’s capability and authority in influencing their peers when promoting cleaner cook stoves or decentralised solutions to produce electricity.&nbsp; &nbsp;This speeds up the process to obtain universal access to clean and modern energy.
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 = Conclusion =
 Overall, a combination of decreasing costs related to solar and decentralised solutions make access to clean and more efficient energy easier. New business models, relying on digital and mobile-enabled platforms, have also amplified the available solutions to improve access to energy and credit. Yet, diffusion of clean cooking facilities remains rather limited. This is mostly due to traditional customs (specific ways of cooking traditional food), resistance to ending biofuel usage, as well as inability to afford new cook stove fuels that have higher maintenance costs in the long run. On the other hand, major awareness about clean cooking’s benefits should be raised, both in local and international political agendas.
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 <br/>{{Access_Footer}}<br/>
-'''Written by:[http://fsr.eui.eu/people/ilaria-bellacci/ Ilaria Bellacci]'''
+'''Written by: [http://fsr.eui.eu/people/ilaria-bellacci/ Ilaria Bellacci,]'''Research Associate, [http://fsr.eui.eu/ Florence School of Regulation]
 [[Category:Energy_Access]]

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 = Overview =
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 *'''''“Engendering” energy projects, programs, and policies''''': ensuring that general benefits and gender equality are maximised in each project or policy design, by taking into account women’s and men’s different roles, access and control over resources. Several multinational actors (development banks, regional organisations, international organisations, donors, etc.) &nbsp;are now mainstreaming gender and supporting best practices. New initiatives, such as [http://cleancookstoves.org/ Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves], [http://www.se4all.org/ SEforALL], [http://ecowgen.ecreee.org/index.php/ecowas-gender-and-energy-policy/ ECOWAS Energy-Gender Policy & Regulation], [http://www.energia.org/ ENERGIA] and the [http://www.cleanenergyministerial.org/ Clean Energy Ministerial], advocate for and address universal access to energy, health and climate change resources, along with women’s empowerment, employment and gender equality. These initiatives are also meant to support policy makers and institutions to tackle energy barriers more efficiently and design effective interventions.
 *'''''Empowering women as energy entrepreneurs'' '''and engaging their trusted network to deliver and spread more effective energy service and products. Women can, in fact, play a key role in promoting, financing and selling off grid devices - which can, at the same time, expand access to modern energy, popularise clean energy and generate income for women.
 *'''''Supporting financial inclusion, pricing and subsidies''''': to give women the opportunity to buy clean energy devices and provide them access to credit. Women, or female-owned business, have a lower rate of obtaining loans and at times the possibility is zero. Global Findex shows that in developing countries, women are 20% less likely than men to have a bank account and 17% less likely to have formally borrowed money in the past year. Women also face higher interest rates and are usually offered short-term loans.<ref name="Soma D. et al. (2017). Energy Access and Gender - Getting the Right Balance, SEAR Special Feature, The World Bank. Available online at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/463071494925985630/pdf/115066-BRI-P148200-PUBLIC-FINALSEARSFGenderweb.pdf">Soma D. et al. (2017). Energy Access and Gender - Getting the Right Balance, SEAR Special Feature, The World Bank. Available online at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/463071494925985630/pdf/115066-BRI-P148200-PUBLIC-FINALSEARSFGenderweb.pdf</ref>
 = Conclusion =
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 Energy stakeholders, which include governments and private donors, should also pay specific attention to infrastructure development and ensure electrification of public spaces, schools and health centers. These are to be considered both ameliorative and preventive measures to provide women a better education, safety and higher standards of living conditions.
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+{{Go to Top}}
 = Further Information =
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 <references />
 <br/>{{Access_Footer}}<br/>
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 '''Written by:[http://fsr.eui.eu/people/ilaria-bellacci/ Ilaria Bellacci]'''
 [[Category:Energy_Access]]