Improved Cook Stoves Consumer Insights in Mozambique - Revision history

Ranisha: /* Repair and Replacement */

2022-07-14T13:04:20Z

Repair and Replacement

Ranisha: /* Savings Potential */

2022-07-14T13:01:16Z

Savings Potential

Ranisha at 09:43, 6 July 2022

2022-07-06T09:43:21Z

Ranisha: /* Consumer Cooking Practices */

2022-07-04T13:10:32Z

Consumer Cooking Practices

Ranisha: /* Consumer Cooking Practices */

2022-07-04T13:04:46Z

Consumer Cooking Practices

Ranisha: /* Access to Finance */

2022-06-23T13:58:03Z

Access to Finance

Fernanda Wynter at 06:23, 2 May 2022

2022-05-02T06:23:35Z

Ranisha: /* Repair and Replacement */

2022-04-27T10:26:10Z

Repair and Replacement

Ranisha: /* Repair and Replacement */

2022-04-27T10:25:39Z

Repair and Replacement

Ranisha: /* Further Information */

2022-04-27T09:21:28Z

Further Information

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 Since there are no official standards or certification for cookstoves, the warranty/guarantee offered by the companies vary a lot. For eg, the warranty can range anywhere from 3 months for local artisanal stoves (eg. Mbaulas) to 2-3 years for imported stoves (Envirofit, Jikokoa, Smart Stove offered by Pamoja...).
-Donor programmes such as EnDev and AVSI have also linked ICS suppliers with the carbon trading programmes. Thus, the businesses are incentivised to offer regular repair and replacement services to adhere to the carbon credit regulations. For the ICS consumers, the replacement rate after the product life cycle has ended is also high. For e.g., some ICS business reported as high as 75% of earlier consumers buying a replacement<ref name=":2" />. Some companies like [[Carbonsink Moçambique Lda|Carbonsink]] do not repair the stoves but provide spare parts for their imported stoves, such as Envirofit and Zama Zama, while others, like MozCarbon and KULIMA, provide repair services.
+Donor programmes such as EnDev and AVSI have also linked ICS suppliers with the carbon trading programmes. Thus, the businesses are incentivised to offer regular repair and replacement services to adhere to the carbon credit regulations. For the ICS consumers, the replacement rate after the product life cycle has ended is also high. For e.g., some ICS business reported as high as 75% of earlier consumers buying a replacement<ref name=":2" />. Some companies like [[Carbonsink Moçambique Lda|Carbonsink]] do not repair the stoves but provide spare parts for their imported stoves (Envirofit and Zama Zama), while others, like MozCarbon and KULIMA, provide repair services.
 == Consumer Awareness ==

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 '''In general, the average monthly expenditure on cooking fuel in Mozambique is 350 MZN (survey from 2016)'''<ref>‘Mkopa, Market Attractiveness Analysis and Demand Assessment for m-Kopa Solar Systems in Mozambique’, 2016,  https://sun-connect-news.org/fileadmin/DATEIEN/Dateien/New/mkopa_2016_oct_market-attractiveness-analysis-and-demand-assessment-for-m-kopa-solar-systems-in-mozambique.pdf</ref>'''.'''
-In rural areas, firewood is collected free of charge. Only 38% of all Mozambicans households using firewood actually purchased their wood fuel (based on dataset from 2004-2014)<ref>ESMAP, ‘Clean and Improved Cooking in Sub-Saharan Africa’, 2015, https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/164241468178757464/pdf/98664-REVISED-WP-P146621-PUBLIC-Box393185B.pdf</ref>. A survey from 2009 calculated that a family of 5 needs around 70 kg of charcoal in Maputo<ref>Takeshi Takama et al., ‘Will African Consumers Buy Cleaner Fuels and Stoves’, 2011, https://mediamanager.sei.org/documents/Publications/SEI-ResearchReport-Takama-WillAfricanConsumersBuyCleanerFuelsAndStoves-2011.pdf</ref>. In 2017, a 70 kg charcoal bag cost around USD 20 (1272 MZN) in Maputo<ref>Monjane, ‘Mid-Term Review Report of Naturvernforbundet’s EmPOWERing Communities’. https://www.norad.no/globalassets/publikasjoner/publikasjoner-2018/ngo-evalueringer/mid-term-review-report-of-naturvernforbundets-empowering-communities-.pdf</ref>. The households usually buy charcoal in small amount as they are either unable to pay for it in bulk or cannot transport bulk amount from the market. On average, they buy 2 kg of charcoal for a family of five<ref>Takama et al., ‘Will African Consumers Buy Cleaner Fuels and Stoves’. https://mediamanager.sei.org/documents/Publications/SEI-ResearchReport-Takama-WillAfricanConsumersBuyCleanerFuelsAndStoves-2011.pdf</ref>. With an improved cookstove, the charcoal usage can drastically be reduced and thus, directly impacts the savings. Thus, in urban areas, where the cooking fuel has to be purchased, there is a strong financial incentive for savings from ICS. However, since households buy cooking fuels in small quantity, sensitization is needed to make them aware of this savings benefit and also offer cookstoves in installment payments so that they can afford it.
+In rural areas, firewood is collected free of charge. Only 38% of all Mozambicans households using firewood actually purchased their wood fuel (based on dataset from 2004-2014)<ref>ESMAP, ‘Clean and Improved Cooking in Sub-Saharan Africa’, 2015, https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/164241468178757464/pdf/98664-REVISED-WP-P146621-PUBLIC-Box393185B.pdf</ref>. A survey from 2009 calculated that a family of 5 buys around 70 kg of charcoal monthly to meet their fuel demand  in Maputo<ref>Takeshi Takama et al., ‘Will African Consumers Buy Cleaner Fuels and Stoves’, 2011, https://mediamanager.sei.org/documents/Publications/SEI-ResearchReport-Takama-WillAfricanConsumersBuyCleanerFuelsAndStoves-2011.pdf</ref>. In 2022, 70 kg of charcoal cost between MZN 2240-2380 (USD 35-37) in Maputo, which is a significant amount that a family has to spend on fuel cost (minimum wage in Mozambique is 10,200 and fuel cost comprises almost 23% of the total salary<ref>Average Salary in Mozambique 2022. http://www.salaryexplorer.com/salary-survey.php?loc=147&loctype=1</ref>) . With an improved cookstove, the charcoal usage can drastically be reduced, resulting in increased savings for the family. Thus, in urban areas, where the cooking fuel has to be purchased, there is a strong financial incentive for savings from ICS. However, since households buy cooking fuels in small quantity, sensitization is needed to make them aware of this savings benefit . For eg, on average, a family of five would buy 2 kg of charcoal daily instead of the 70 kg bag<ref>Takama et al., ‘Will African Consumers Buy Cleaner Fuels and Stoves’. https://mediamanager.sei.org/documents/Publications/SEI-ResearchReport-Takama-WillAfricanConsumersBuyCleanerFuelsAndStoves-2011.pdf</ref>, thus they might not be aware of the accumulated fuel cost over the month. Offering cookstoves on installment also eases the financial burden on the families who are otherwise unable to afford it upfront.
-In rural areas where firewood is collected free of cost, the savings potential (financial aspect) is not of most importance and thus, the awareness program should focus on other aspects of the ICS such as less fuelwood used means less travel for firewood collection, health impact etc.
+In rural areas where firewood is collected free of cost, the savings potential (financial aspect) is not of most importance and thus, the awareness program should focus on other aspects of the ICS such as
 For a list of different cookstoves and their fuel savings potential, [[Improved Cook Stove Market Size in Mozambique#ICS Market Size and Growth Potential|'''click here.''']]

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:43, 6 July 2022
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	==References==		==References==
	<references />		<references />
		+	[[Category:Mozambique]]
		+	[[Category:Improved Cooking]]
		+	[[Category:Cooking Energy]]

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 '''Breakfast:''' Tea, bread, or cassava or sweet potato
-'''Lunch and dinner:''' Rice, beans, meat or fish stew
+'''Lunch and dinner:''' Rice, beans, meat or fish stew, lentils and yangana
 == Usage of ICS and Cooking Fuel ==
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 == Fuel stacking ==
-[[From the 'Energy Ladder' to 'Fuel Stacking'|Fuel stacking]] refers to the concept that instead of completely transitioning from one stove/fuel to another, households are likely to keep different sources of fuel/stove for different uses. Fuel stacking also can be seen in Mozambique. For e.g. In Maputo, households might have both charcoal as well as LPG stoves. Since LPG is expensive as compared to charcoal, it is used for food that requires less time and need to be prepared fast whereas charcoal stoves are used for cooking food like beans and meat that require a longer time.
+[[From the 'Energy Ladder' to 'Fuel Stacking'|Fuel stacking]] refers to the concept that instead of completely transitioning from one stove/fuel to another, households are likely to keep different sources of fuel/stove for different uses. Fuel stacking also can be seen in Mozambique. For e.g. In Maputo, households might have both charcoal as well as LPG stoves. Since LPG is expensive as compared to charcoal, it is used for food that requires less time and need to be prepared fast whereas charcoal stoves are used for cooking food like beans and meat that require a longer time. Some middle and upper middle class families might also have electric appliances like water boiler, microwave etc.
 {|
 ![[File:Cooking on charcoal stove.jpg|none|thumb|Cooking on a charcoal stove]]

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 * Dishes that need longer cooking time like beans:. 1x per week
 * Dishes that needs roasting: 1x per week
 == Usage of ICS and Cooking Fuel ==
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 The use of different cooking fuels is also strongly influenced by income and level of education<ref name=":0" />. In terms of income, survey information from 2019 shows that firewood is preferred by 74% of people with low income, and 71% of people with no income. In terms of education, 82% of the adult population with no education use firewood for cooking, as opposed to 4% of adults with tertiary education. 94% of adults with tertiary education use either charcoal, grid electricity or LPG<ref name=":1" />.
 == ICS Ownership and Affordability ==
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 For a list of different cookstoves and their fuel savings potential, [[Improved Cook Stove Market Size in Mozambique#ICS Market Size and Growth Potential|'''click here.''']]
 ==Further Information==

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 Overall, access to financial services is increasing largely due to mobile money but still varies greatly from one province to another. As of 2019, 21% of Mozambicans had access to formal institutions such as banks; 22% had access to other non-bank institutes such as micro finance, saving and credit cooperatives, mobile money and pension funds; 11% to informal savings groups called Xitiques and 46% did not have access to any<ref>Finscope, ‘Mozambique: Finscope Consumer Survey Report 2019’, 2020, https://finmark.org.za/system/documents/files/000/000/155/original/Mozambique_Survey-2020-07-311.pdf?1597303567</ref>. For more information about access to consumer finance, '''[[End-User Finance in Mozambique|please refer to this chapter]]'''.
-Many ICS companies offer subsidised stoves via carbon financing, grant or RBF funding. The end-users can also buy the stoves in installments over a period of months. MozCarbon and Carbonsink offer installment payment of 2 and 3 months respectively while Pamoja offers a 18 month repayment plan (with an initial 10% down-payment).
+Many ICS companies offer subsidised stoves via carbon financing, grant or RBF funding. The end-users can also buy the stoves in installments over a period of months. MozCarbon and Carbonsink offer installment payment of 2 and 3 months respectively while Pamoja offers a 18 month repayment plan (with an initial 10% down-payment). They can use a variety of channels to payback like mobile money, Xitiques and cash payment (collector comes to their home to collect the payment).<ref>[[Clean Cooking in Mozambique : Deep Dive with Experts]]</ref>
 == Savings Potential ==

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 == Repair and Replacement ==
-Since there are no official standards or certification for cookstoves, the warranty/guarantee offered by the companies vary a lot. For eg, the warranty can range anywhere from 3 months for local artisanal stoves (eg. Mbaulas) to 2-3 years for imported stoves (Envirofit, Jikokoa, Smart stove offered by Pamoja...).
+Since there are no official standards or certification for cookstoves, the warranty/guarantee offered by the companies vary a lot. For eg, the warranty can range anywhere from 3 months for local artisanal stoves (eg. Mbaulas) to 2-3 years for imported stoves (Envirofit, Jikokoa, Smart Stove offered by Pamoja...).
 Donor programmes such as EnDev and AVSI have also linked ICS suppliers with the carbon trading programmes. Thus, the businesses are incentivised to offer regular repair and replacement services to adhere to the carbon credit regulations. For the ICS consumers, the replacement rate after the product life cycle has ended is also high. For e.g., some ICS business reported as high as 75% of earlier consumers buying a replacement<ref name=":2" />. Some companies like [[Carbonsink Moçambique Lda|Carbonsink]] do not repair the stoves but provide spare parts for its imported stoves such as Envirofit and Zama Zama while others like MozCarbon and KULIMA provide repair services.

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 * [[Challenges and Recommendations for the Private Sector in the Clean Cooking Market in Mozambique|ICS in Mozambique: Challenges and Recommendations for the Private Sector]]
 * [[Webinar Series: Status Quo and Market Potential of Off-grid Renewables in Mozambique|Webinar: Clean Cooking in Mozambique: Market Status and Opportunities for Private Sector]]
 ==References==
 <references />