LPG for cooking - Revision history

Johanna: /* LPG Market – Production, Supply and Consumption */

2020-05-08T13:12:57Z

LPG Market – Production, Supply and Consumption

Johanna at 13:11, 8 May 2020

2020-05-08T13:11:52Z

Johanna at 11:46, 8 May 2020

2020-05-08T11:46:19Z

Johanna: Johanna moved page Cooking with Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) to LPG for cooking without leaving a redirect: better searchable due to LPG at the beginning of the name

2020-05-08T11:34:26Z

Johanna moved page Cooking with Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) to LPG for cooking without leaving a redirect: better searchable due to LPG at the beginning of the name

Ahmed El-Sherbini at 13:54, 9 December 2019

2019-12-09T13:54:29Z

Ahmed El-Sherbini: /* Further Information */

2019-12-09T13:12:41Z

Further Information

Ahmed El-Sherbini at 13:12, 9 December 2019

2019-12-09T13:12:13Z

Ahmed El-Sherbini at 13:11, 9 December 2019

2019-12-09T13:11:53Z

Ahmed El-Sherbini at 12:53, 9 December 2019

2019-12-09T12:53:22Z

Ahmed El-Sherbini at 12:53, 9 December 2019

2019-12-09T12:53:04Z

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 = LPG Market – Production, Supply and Consumption &nbsp; =
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 In industrial countries, LPG is used for heating and cooking, as auto gas and in the Petrochemical industry. In developing countries LPG is mainly used as a cooking fuel. The users are predominately middle- to high-income households in regions with a supply network (mostly urban and peri-urban areas). LPG availability remains scarce, especially in rural areas of developing countries.<ref name="Chandra, A. (2010): Indian LPG Market Prospects www.petrofed.winwinhosting.net/upload/Apurva_Chandra.pdf">Chandra, A. (2010): Indian LPG Market Prospects www.petrofed.winwinhosting.net/upload/Apurva_Chandra.pdf</ref> This is mainly due to lacking supply networks, which are not able to supply households.
-*See also [[Liquefied_Petroleum_Gas_(LPG)|Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)]]
+*See also [[Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)|Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG),]]an article on energypedia with focus on market demand and supply, which provides a more global perspective and also information on LPG as a household fuel.&nbsp;
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 = Utilization of LPG for Cooking<br/> =

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 = Introduction - What is LPG?<br/> =
-Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a by-product of natural gas extraction and crude oil refining. LPG is a mixture of hydrocarbon gases, the most common being butane and propane.<ref name="„What´s the difference between CNG, LNG, LPG and Hydrogen?“ www.afsglobal.com/faq/gas-comparisons.html">„What´s the difference between CNG, LNG, LPG and Hydrogen?“ www.afsglobal.com/faq/gas-comparisons.html</ref> At room temperature, LPG is a colorless and odorless non-toxic gas. Under modest pressure or cooler conditions, it transforms into a liquid state. This process leads to the reduction of the volume to 1/250 of the gaseous aggregate state and allows to store and transport LPG easily in cylinders. For safety reasons, a LPG cylinder is only filled with 80% liquid while the remaining 20% contains gaseous LPG. A typical LPG cooking system is made up of a steel cylinder filled with LPG, a pressure controller, a tube connecting the cylinder to the pressure controller and the burner, and finally the burner itself.
+Liquefied Petroleum Gas ([[Liquefied_Petroleum_Gas_(LPG)|LPG]]) is a by-product of natural gas extraction and crude oil refining. LPG is a mixture of hydrocarbon gases, the most common being butane and propane.<ref name="„What´s the difference between CNG, LNG, LPG and Hydrogen?“ www.afsglobal.com/faq/gas-comparisons.html">„What´s the difference between CNG, LNG, LPG and Hydrogen?“ www.afsglobal.com/faq/gas-comparisons.html</ref> At room temperature, LPG is a colorless and odorless non-toxic gas. Under modest pressure or cooler conditions, it transforms into a liquid state. This process leads to the reduction of the volume to 1/250 of the gaseous aggregate state and allows to store and transport LPG easily in cylinders. For safety reasons, a LPG cylinder is only filled with 80% liquid while the remaining 20% contains gaseous LPG. A typical [[LPG_cooking_system|LPG cooking system]] is made up of a steel cylinder filled with LPG, a pressure controller, a tube connecting the cylinder to the pressure controller and the burner, and finally the burner itself.
 kg of LPG has an useful energy value of 20.7 MJ/kg. In comparison, air-dried firewood has an energy content of around 16 MJ/kg and charcoal of 27 - 33 MJ/kg. Depending on the type of woodfuel, charcoal production, and cook stove, between 7.3 and 29.7kg of woodfuel would be required to provide the same amount of useful cooking energy found in 1 kg of LPG.<ref name="Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2014-03_Multiple_Household_Cooking_Fuels_GIZ_HERA_eng.pdf">Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2014-03_Multiple_Household_Cooking_Fuels_GIZ_HERA_eng.pdf</ref> LPG is heavier than air, e.g. propane is one and a half times heavier than air, and can therefore accumulate above the ground. This may lead to LPG-’lakes’ that potentially can causes explosions. A foul smelling odorant is added to help detect leaks and thus reduce the risk of explosion.
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 In industrial countries, LPG is used for heating and cooking, as auto gas and in the Petrochemical industry. In developing countries LPG is mainly used as a cooking fuel. The users are predominately middle- to high-income households in regions with a supply network (mostly urban and peri-urban areas). LPG availability remains scarce, especially in rural areas of developing countries.<ref name="Chandra, A. (2010): Indian LPG Market Prospects www.petrofed.winwinhosting.net/upload/Apurva_Chandra.pdf">Chandra, A. (2010): Indian LPG Market Prospects www.petrofed.winwinhosting.net/upload/Apurva_Chandra.pdf</ref> This is mainly due to lacking supply networks, which are not able to supply households.
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 *[[Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)|Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)]], article on energypedia<br/>
-*[[LPG cooking system|Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Stoves]], article on energypedia
+*[[LPG cooking system|Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Stoves and cooking system]], article on energypedia
 *[[Senegal: Best Practice Case Studies|Senegal: Best Practice Case Studies]], article on energypedia
 *Website of the [http://www.wlpga.org/ World LPG Association]
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 {{#set: Hera category=Cooking Energy System}}
 [[Category:Liquid_Petroleum_Gas_(LPG)]]

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 *[[Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)|Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)]], article on energypedia<br/>
-*[[LPG Stoves|Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Stoves]], article on energypedia
+*[[LPG cooking system|Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Stoves]], article on energypedia
 *[[Senegal: Best Practice Case Studies|Senegal: Best Practice Case Studies]], article on energypedia
 *Website of the [http://www.wlpga.org/ World LPG Association]
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 {{#set: Hera category=Cooking Energy System}}
 [[Category:Cooking_Energy]]

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 </div>
 = Further Information =
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 *[[Cost-Benefit Analysis of LPG Cookstove Intervention|Cost-Benefit Analysis of LPG Cookstove Intervention]] - A Case Study of Nyarugusu Refugee Camp, Tanzania by UNEP-DTU Partnership
 *[[BLEENS - Biogas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Electricity, Ethanol, Natural Gas, and Solar|BLEENS - Biogas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Electricity, Ethanol, Natural Gas, and Solar]]
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 = References =

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 </div>
 = Further Information =
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 *[[Cost-Benefit Analysis of LPG Cookstove Intervention|Cost-Benefit Analysis of LPG Cookstove Intervention]] - A Case Study of Nyarugusu Refugee Camp, Tanzania by UNEP-DTU Partnership
 *[[BLEENS - Biogas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Electricity, Ethanol, Natural Gas, and Solar|BLEENS - Biogas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Electricity, Ethanol, Natural Gas, and Solar]]
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 = References =

← Older revision	Revision as of 11:34, 8 May 2020
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 [[File:GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|left|831px|GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|alt=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]<br/><br/><!--
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 kg of LPG has an useful energy value of 20.7 MJ/kg. In comparison, air-dried firewood has an energy content of around 16 MJ/kg and charcoal of 27 - 33 MJ/kg. Depending on the type of woodfuel, charcoal production, and cook stove, between 7.3 and 29.7kg of woodfuel would be required to provide the same amount of useful cooking energy found in 1 kg of LPG.<ref name="Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2014-03_Multiple_Household_Cooking_Fuels_GIZ_HERA_eng.pdf">Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2014-03_Multiple_Household_Cooking_Fuels_GIZ_HERA_eng.pdf</ref> LPG is heavier than air, e.g. propane is one and a half times heavier than air, and can therefore accumulate above the ground. This may lead to LPG-’lakes’ that potentially can causes explosions. A foul smelling odorant is added to help detect leaks and thus reduce the risk of explosion.
 <br/>
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 In industrial countries, LPG is used for heating and cooking, as auto gas and in the Petrochemical industry. In developing countries LPG is mainly used as a cooking fuel. The users are predominately middle- to high-income households in regions with a supply network (mostly urban and peri-urban areas). LPG availability remains scarce, especially in rural areas of developing countries.<ref name="Chandra, A. (2010): Indian LPG Market Prospects www.petrofed.winwinhosting.net/upload/Apurva_Chandra.pdf">Chandra, A. (2010): Indian LPG Market Prospects www.petrofed.winwinhosting.net/upload/Apurva_Chandra.pdf</ref> This is mainly due to lacking supply networks, which are not able to supply households.
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 *Households need to be able to pay the fuel price. A survey exploring the costs of LPG in 20 countries found out that prices vary largely, e.g. 0.40 US$ in Morocco and 3.26 US$ in Turkey for 1kg LPG<ref name="Matthew, W. and Zeissig, H. (2011): Residential market for LPG : a review of experience of 20 developing countries http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/12/18542551/residential-market-lpg-review-experience-20-developing-countries">Matthew, W. and Zeissig, H. (2011): Residential market for LPG : a review of experience of 20 developing countries http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/12/18542551/residential-market-lpg-review-experience-20-developing-countries</ref> Due to a small daily available household budget, low-income households often buy small amounts of fuel or even can collect firewood at no monetary costs.
 *LPG is a finite resource.
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 </div>
 = Further Information =
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 *[http://www.wlpga.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/kerosene-to-lp-gas-conversion-programme-in-indonesia.pdf Kerosene to LP Gas Conversion Programme in Indonesia] - A Case Study of Domestic Energy by World LPG Association
 *[[Cost-Benefit Analysis of LPG Cookstove Intervention|Cost-Benefit Analysis of LPG Cookstove Intervention]] - A Case Study of Nyarugusu Refugee Camp, Tanzania by UNEP-DTU Partnership
-−
+*
-<br/>
+[[BLEENS_-_Biogas,_Liquefied_Petroleum_Gas,_Electricity,_Ethanol,_Natural_Gas,_and_Solar|BLEENS - Biogas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Electricity, Ethanol, Natural Gas, and Solar]]
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 {{#set: Hera category=Cooking Energy System}}
 [[Category:Cooking_Energy]]