Mozambique Energy Situation - Revision history

Ranisha at 08:17, 21 July 2022

2022-07-21T08:17:00Z

Ranisha: /* Noteworthy Trends */

2022-06-30T08:51:46Z

Noteworthy Trends

Fernanda Wynter: Text replacement - "Mozambique Mini-grid Hub" to "Mozambique Nano/Mini Grid Hub"

2022-06-21T10:51:40Z

Text replacement - "Mozambique Mini-grid Hub" to "Mozambique Nano/Mini Grid Hub"

Ranisha: /* Renewable Energy Potential */

2022-05-11T13:07:03Z

Renewable Energy Potential

Ruben Morgado: /* Renewable Energy Potential */ edit on Wind resource, same source

2022-05-10T15:11:35Z

Renewable Energy Potential: edit on Wind resource, same source

Ranisha at 08:42, 4 March 2022

2022-03-04T08:42:24Z

Ranisha: /* Introduction */

2022-03-04T08:41:56Z

Introduction

Ranisha at 16:00, 1 March 2022

2022-03-01T16:00:49Z

Ranisha at 15:58, 1 March 2022

2022-03-01T15:58:22Z

Show changes

Ranisha at 15:18, 1 March 2022

2022-03-01T15:18:32Z

Show changes

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 =Introduction=
-The Republic of Mozambique is located on the south-eastern coast of Africa and has a surface area of 801,590 square kilometres. It is bordered by South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, and separated by the Indian Ocean from Madagascar. The country is divided into ten provinces, and a provincial capital city (see Map: Provinces in Mozambique). It is one of the poorest countries in the world, and the 7th poorest in Africa with a GDP per capita of USD 1281 (2019), a total GDP of USD 14.96 billion (2019), and an annual GDP growth of 3.11% (2018). <br />Mozambique has undertaken significant efforts in recent years to electrify the country. The electrification rate has increased from 5% in 2001 to 29% in 2019<ref>World Bank, ‘Mozambique | Data’. <nowiki>https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.UR.ZS?locations=MZ</nowiki></ref> and 34% in 2020.<ref>Renewables in Mozambique (2021):https://www.lerenovaveis.org/contents/lerpublication/aler_mar2021_resumo-renovaveis-em-mocambique-2021.pdf</ref> Access to electricity, however, remains low and is mainly focused on urban areas. In 2019, 72% of the urban population had access to electricity compared to 5% of the rural population. <ref>World Bank, ‘Mozambique | Data’. <nowiki>https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.UR.ZS?locations=MZ</nowiki></ref>This imbalance represents an important challenge to achieving country-wide electrification by 2030, considering that the vast majority (63% in 2019) of Mozambique’s population lives in rural areas.<ref name=":0">Mozambique: Energy and the Poor’, K. Naidoo, C. Loots, 2020, <nowiki>https://sun-connect-news.org/fileadmin/DATEIEN/Dateien/New/2021-01-29_UNDP-UNCDF-Mozambique-Energy-and-the-Poor.pdf</nowiki>.</ref>
+The Republic of Mozambique is located on the south-eastern coast of Africa and has a surface area of 801,590 square kilometres. It is bordered by South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, and separated by the Indian Ocean from Madagascar. The country is divided into ten provinces, and a provincial capital city (see Map: Provinces in Mozambique). It is one of the poorest countries in the world, and the 7th poorest in Africa with a GDP per capita of USD 1281 (2019), a total GDP of USD 14.96 billion (2019), and an annual GDP growth of 3.11% (2018). <br />Mozambique has undertaken significant efforts in recent years to electrify the country. The electrification rate has increased from 5% in 2001 to 29% in 2019<ref>World Bank, ‘Mozambique | Data’. <nowiki>https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.UR.ZS?locations=MZ</nowiki></ref>. In 2022, it increased to 44%<ref>S.Excia Eng. Carlos Zacarias - Ministro dos Recursos Minerais e Energia (MIREME). 2022. CDD Just Energy Transition.
 The national grid including off grid facilities is claimed to reach some 30&nbsp;% of the country today in terms of numbers of people with potential access to the grid (not connected). Many district capitals depend on expensive and often unreliable power generation with diesel generators. Outside these towns, the situation is even worse. The overwhelming majority of rural households, most rural schools, health centres and administrative posts are without access to electricity. Lack of mechanical power is a bottleneck for the rural subsistence agricultural production, as grain producers have to walk long distances to the nearest milling facility. Rural areas lack electricity for lighting, radio and communication in households and for refrigeration in small commerce. Nevertheless, many rural household spend a considerable share of their income for modern energy in the form of kerosene or batteries (€ 4–5 per month). Lack of access to electricity restricts the local population’s opportunities for income-generating activities.<br />The energy sector is key to the country's economy already today, since energy exports make up a large share of total foreign exchange earnings. Moreover, the availability of cheap electricity is one of the main reasons for the significant foreign direct investment in energy-intensive industries in Mozambique. Energy exports (hydropower, coal, gas and possibly oil) and projects to cover the growing domestic electricity demand will play an increasingly important role in the years to come. The liberalisation of the power sector initiated in 1997 allowed for third parties from the private sector to enter the power generation, transmission and distribution markets without impressive results so far (2012).<br /><span style="mso-ansi-language:DE" lang="DE"></span>[[Mozambique Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]

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 | style="width: 213px; vertical-align: top" |
-On the SASOL gaspipeline. 2010
+On May 2022, USAID and DFC  signed an agreement with EDM to provide a loan of USD 200 m to support the design, construction and operation of the project. <ref>US backs Mozambique’s energy security projects: https://www.esi-africa.com/us-backs-mozambiques-energy-security-projects/</ref>
 |}

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 *[[Mozambique Off-grid Knowledge Hub]]
 *[[Mozambique Solar Hub]]
-*[[Mozambique Mini-grid Hub]]
+*[[Mozambique Nano/Mini Grid Hub]]
 *[[Mozambique Cooking Energy Hub]]
 *[[Mozambique Productive Uses of Energy Hub]]

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 |-
 |Wind
-|Along the cost (Speeds between 4 - 6 m/s at 80m height)<br />
+|Along the coasts (Speeds between 4 - 6 m/s at 80m height)<br />
 | 4.5 GW<ref>Recurso Eólico’, accessed 24 June 2021, <nowiki>https://www.funae.co.mz/index.php/pt/recursos/recurso-eolico</nowiki></ref>
 |-

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 |-
 |Wind
-|Along the cost Niassa (Average wind speed 6 m/s)<br />
+|Along the cost (Speeds between 4 - 6 m/s at 80m height)<br />
 | 4.5 GW<ref>Recurso Eólico’, accessed 24 June 2021, <nowiki>https://www.funae.co.mz/index.php/pt/recursos/recurso-eolico</nowiki></ref>
 |-

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:42, 4 March 2022
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	{{back button\|Mozambique Off-grid Knowledge Hub\|Mozambique Off-grid Knowledge Hub}}		{{back button\|Mozambique Off-grid Knowledge Hub\|Mozambique Off-grid Knowledge Hub}}
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	=Introduction=		=Introduction=

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 =Introduction=
-The Republic of Mozambique is located on the south-eastern coast of Africa and has a surface area of 801,590 square kilometres. It is bordered by South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, and separated by the Indian Ocean from Madagascar. The country is divided into ten provinces, and a provincial capital city (see Map: Provinces in Mozambique). It is one of the poorest countries in the world, and the 7th poorest in Africa with a GDP per capita of USD 1281 (2019), a total GDP of USD 14.96 billion (2019), and an annual GDP growth of 3.11% (2018). <br />Mozambique has undertaken significant efforts in recent years to electrify the country. The electrification rate has increased from 5% in 2001 to 24% in 2017, and to 29% in 2019. Access to electricity, however, remains low and is mainly focused on urban areas. In 2019, 72% of the urban population had access to electricity compared to 5% of the rural population. <ref>World Bank, ‘Mozambique | Data’. <nowiki>https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.UR.ZS?locations=MZ</nowiki></ref>This imbalance represents an important challenge to achieving country-wide electrification by 2030, considering that the vast majority (63% in 2019) of Mozambique’s population lives in rural areas.<ref name=":0">Mozambique: Energy and the Poor’, K. Naidoo, C. Loots, 2020, <nowiki>https://sun-connect-news.org/fileadmin/DATEIEN/Dateien/New/2021-01-29_UNDP-UNCDF-Mozambique-Energy-and-the-Poor.pdf</nowiki>.</ref>
+The Republic of Mozambique is located on the south-eastern coast of Africa and has a surface area of 801,590 square kilometres. It is bordered by South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, and separated by the Indian Ocean from Madagascar. The country is divided into ten provinces, and a provincial capital city (see Map: Provinces in Mozambique). It is one of the poorest countries in the world, and the 7th poorest in Africa with a GDP per capita of USD 1281 (2019), a total GDP of USD 14.96 billion (2019), and an annual GDP growth of 3.11% (2018). <br />Mozambique has undertaken significant efforts in recent years to electrify the country. The electrification rate has increased from 5% in 2001 to 29% in 2019<ref>World Bank, ‘Mozambique | Data’. <nowiki>https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.UR.ZS?locations=MZ</nowiki></ref> and 34% in 2020.<ref>Renewables in Mozambique (2021):https://www.lerenovaveis.org/contents/lerpublication/aler_mar2021_resumo-renovaveis-em-mocambique-2021.pdf</ref> Access to electricity, however, remains low and is mainly focused on urban areas. In 2019, 72% of the urban population had access to electricity compared to 5% of the rural population. <ref>World Bank, ‘Mozambique | Data’. <nowiki>https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.UR.ZS?locations=MZ</nowiki></ref>This imbalance represents an important challenge to achieving country-wide electrification by 2030, considering that the vast majority (63% in 2019) of Mozambique’s population lives in rural areas.<ref name=":0">Mozambique: Energy and the Poor’, K. Naidoo, C. Loots, 2020, <nowiki>https://sun-connect-news.org/fileadmin/DATEIEN/Dateien/New/2021-01-29_UNDP-UNCDF-Mozambique-Energy-and-the-Poor.pdf</nowiki>.</ref>
 The national grid including off grid facilities is claimed to reach some 30&nbsp;% of the country today in terms of numbers of people with potential access to the grid (not connected). Many district capitals depend on expensive and often unreliable power generation with diesel generators. Outside these towns, the situation is even worse. The overwhelming majority of rural households, most rural schools, health centres and administrative posts are without access to electricity. Lack of mechanical power is a bottleneck for the rural subsistence agricultural production, as grain producers have to walk long distances to the nearest milling facility. Rural areas lack electricity for lighting, radio and communication in households and for refrigeration in small commerce. Nevertheless, many rural household spend a considerable share of their income for modern energy in the form of kerosene or batteries (€ 4–5 per month). Lack of access to electricity restricts the local population’s opportunities for income-generating activities.<br />The energy sector is key to the country's economy already today, since energy exports make up a large share of total foreign exchange earnings. Moreover, the availability of cheap electricity is one of the main reasons for the significant foreign direct investment in energy-intensive industries in Mozambique. Energy exports (hydropower, coal, gas and possibly oil) and projects to cover the growing domestic electricity demand will play an increasingly important role in the years to come. The liberalisation of the power sector initiated in 1997 allowed for third parties from the private sector to enter the power generation, transmission and distribution markets without impressive results so far (2012).<br /><span style="mso-ansi-language:DE" lang="DE"></span>[[Mozambique Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 A National Policy and Strategy for Biofuels was approved in February 2009 which focuses on ethanol from sugarcane and sorghum and coconut and jatropha for biodiesel. This policy has led to hundreds of millions of dollars in investment plans in ethanol and biodiesel in Mozambique. In October 2007 ethanol plant in Mozambique received US$510 million in support from the UK. However, the actual on-the-ground activity is unclear and production has yet to commence. Biofuels are not readily available in the country and export details are also not available<ref name="The biofuels sector, and especially the biodiesel sector, has attracted considerable investment. Hundreds of millions of dollars of investment has been made. Much of this has been in the sugar sector which is growing rapidly. At least 7 biodiesel/jatropha plantations have been set up with poor -- and controversial – results. (see Justica Ambiental!/Uniao Nacional de Camponeses, Jatropha: A Socio-economic pitfall for Mozambique. August 2009. http://ictsd.org/i/news/biores/45169/">The biofuels sector, and especially the biodiesel sector, has attracted considerable investment. Hundreds of millions of dollars of investment has been made. Much of this has been in the sugar sector which is growing rapidly. At least 7 biodiesel/jatropha plantations have been set up with poor -- and controversial – results. (see Justica Ambiental!/Uniao Nacional de Camponeses, Jatropha: A Socio-economic pitfall for Mozambique. August 2009. http://ictsd.org/i/news/biores/45169/</ref>.
-Click here to read more about the RE potential in Mozambique.
+'''[[Mozambique Renewable Energy Potential|Click here to read more about the RE potential in Mozambique]]'''.
 [[Mozambique Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]
@@ Line 196: / Line 196: @@
 The market for PV is divided into steadily growing local market spots and mainly capital based PV providers working with directly imported equipment for government projects funded by donors. The local market is efficient and reliable but informal, with low quality products of Chinese origin coming mainly from RSA. Market actors are lacking technical knowledge. In parallel to the dissemination of products from the local market ENDEV MOZAMBIQUE has started designing an energy efficient compact '''small solar home system (SSHS)''' with a local enterprise. In the case of PV for household lighting, technical capacity building, technology transfer and market development is envisaged within a Public Private Partnership (PPP) measure with German enterprises and higher quality products.
-* [[Mozambique Solar Hub|Click here to read about the market situation for solar solutions in Mozambique.]]
+* [[Mozambique Solar Hub|'''Click here to read about the market situation for solar solutions in Mozambique.''']]
-* [[Mozambique Cooking Energy Hub|Click here to read about the market situation for improved cookstoves in Mozambique.]]
+* [[Mozambique Cooking Energy Hub|'''Click here to read about the market situation for improved cookstoves in Mozambique.''']]
-* [[Mozambique Productive Uses of Energy Hub|Click here to read about the market situation for solar irrigation in Mozambique.]]<br />
+* [[Mozambique Productive Uses of Energy Hub|'''Click here to read about the market situation for solar irrigation in Mozambique.''']]<br />
 <u>In addition to the overarching need for developing the countries extensive energy resources (hydro, coal, gas and biomass) for both domestic and regional consumption the main challenges in the power sector in Mozambique are:</u><br />
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 *[[Mozambique Off-grid Knowledge Hub]]
-*[[EN-Access to Modern Energy Services Mozambique -Peter Adelmann]]
+*[[Mozambique Solar Hub]]
-*[[EN-Africa Energy Unit(AFTEG)-World Bank]]
+*[[Mozambique Mini-grid Hub]]
 *USAID Power Africa: [https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Mozambique_-_November_2018_Country_Fact_Sheet.pdf Mozambique Factsheet]

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 }}
-{{Back to Mozambique Portal}}
+{{back button|Mozambique Off-grid Knowledge Hub|Mozambique Off-grid Knowledge Hub}}
 =Introduction=