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 = Introduction: What? =
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 == Political Vision ==
-Long term government support and commitment is required in order for any large-scale energy access program to succeed. Planning should be done keeping in mind the next 30 years. Strong leadership is required that will promote an agenda of welfare, health and development, with clean energy access being the driver.<ref name="World Bank. (2017). State of electricity access report 2017. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/364571494517675149/pdf/114841-REVISED-JUNE12-FINAL-SEAR-web-REV-optimized.pdf">World Bank. (2017). State of electricity access report 2017. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/364571494517675149/pdf/114841-REVISED-JUNE12-FINAL-SEAR-web-REV-optimized.pdf</ref>1 In most nations where universal energy access has been achieved, strong leadership and long term political vision has been the essential to success.<ref name="UNCTAD. (2017). The least developed countries report 2017: Transformational Energy Access. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ldcr2017_en.pdf">UNCTAD. (2017). The least developed countries report 2017: Transformational Energy Access. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ldcr2017_en.pdf</ref>2
+Long term government support and commitment is required in order for any large-scale energy access program to succeed. Planning should be done keeping in mind the next 30 years. Strong leadership is required that will promote an agenda of welfare, health and development, with clean energy access being the driver.<ref name="World Bank. (2017). State of electricity access report 2017. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/364571494517675149/pdf/114841-REVISED-JUNE12-FINAL-SEAR-web-REV-optimized.pdf">World Bank. (2017). State of electricity access report 2017. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/364571494517675149/pdf/114841-REVISED-JUNE12-FINAL-SEAR-web-REV-optimized.pdf</ref> In most nations where universal energy access has been achieved, strong leadership and long term political vision has been the essential to success.<ref name="UNCTAD. (2017). The least developed countries report 2017: Transformational Energy Access. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ldcr2017_en.pdf">UNCTAD. (2017). The least developed countries report 2017: Transformational Energy Access. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ldcr2017_en.pdf</ref>
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 == Regulatory and Institutional Frameworks ==
-While much focus is placed on getting energy access, it is important to remember that the quality of the energy supplied matters, too. To achieve a basic minimum standard of supply, regulations must be developed and promoted. Quality standards may be different for different uses, but still must be realistic and affordable to achieve and use. This is especially true for decentralized distribution; regulations need to be introduced in a simplified manner, so that they are accessible to as many people as possible. Regulations could cover tariffs, power and service quality.<ref name="World Bank. (2017). State of electricity access report 2017. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/364571494517675149/pdf/114841-REVISED-JUNE12-FINAL-SEAR-web-REV-optimized.pdf">World Bank. (2017). State of electricity access report 2017. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/364571494517675149/pdf/114841-REVISED-JUNE12-FINAL-SEAR-web-REV-optimized.pdf</ref>1
+While much focus is placed on getting energy access, it is important to remember that the quality of the energy supplied matters, too. To achieve a basic minimum standard of supply, regulations must be developed and promoted. Quality standards may be different for different uses, but still must be realistic and affordable to achieve and use. This is especially true for decentralized distribution; regulations need to be introduced in a simplified manner, so that they are accessible to as many people as possible. Regulations could cover tariffs, power and service quality.<ref name="World Bank. (2017). State of electricity access report 2017. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/364571494517675149/pdf/114841-REVISED-JUNE12-FINAL-SEAR-web-REV-optimized.pdf">World Bank. (2017). State of electricity access report 2017. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/364571494517675149/pdf/114841-REVISED-JUNE12-FINAL-SEAR-web-REV-optimized.pdf</ref>
-Finance is another issue, as funding energy access is not cheap and the financial distress of utility companies is often a large barrier to energy access. With the issue of finance comes the issue of affordability: energy services must be provided at a price which is affordable to the end consumer and makes financial sense for the utility provider. In the event of a financial gap, the government should have a plan to subsidize electrification.<ref name="World Bank. (2017). State of electricity access report 2017. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/364571494517675149/pdf/114841-REVISED-JUNE12-FINAL-SEAR-web-REV-optimized.pdf">World Bank. (2017). State of electricity access report 2017. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/364571494517675149/pdf/114841-REVISED-JUNE12-FINAL-SEAR-web-REV-optimized.pdf</ref>1 To prepare for such investments, long term financial planning must be carried out, keeping in mind current and projected revenue streams and potential cross subsidization opportunities, both from industry as well as from comparatively affluent urban areas. There also needs to be a framework regulating how private players can be involved in the process, as centralized distribution does provide cross subsidization opportunities, while decentralized systems are usually locally owned and operated as a business. Therefore, incentives are needed for these entrepreneurs, such as risk guarantees and tax breaks, especially for smaller players. Furthermore, specific frameworks for decentralized systems, such as quality standards, must be established.
+Finance is another issue, as funding energy access is not cheap and the financial distress of utility companies is often a large barrier to energy access. With the issue of finance comes the issue of affordability: energy services must be provided at a price which is affordable to the end consumer and makes financial sense for the utility provider. In the event of a financial gap, the government should have a plan to subsidize electrification.<ref name="World Bank. (2017). State of electricity access report 2017. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/364571494517675149/pdf/114841-REVISED-JUNE12-FINAL-SEAR-web-REV-optimized.pdf">World Bank. (2017). State of electricity access report 2017. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/364571494517675149/pdf/114841-REVISED-JUNE12-FINAL-SEAR-web-REV-optimized.pdf</ref> To prepare for such investments, long term financial planning must be carried out, keeping in mind current and projected revenue streams and potential cross subsidization opportunities, both from industry as well as from comparatively affluent urban areas. There also needs to be a framework regulating how private players can be involved in the process, as centralized distribution does provide cross subsidization opportunities, while decentralized systems are usually locally owned and operated as a business. Therefore, incentives are needed for these entrepreneurs, such as risk guarantees and tax breaks, especially for smaller players. Furthermore, specific frameworks for decentralized systems, such as quality standards, must be established.
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-Information and training need to be fostered, along with improvements in access to institutions and financial inclusion through access to credit. This is especially important as, in some cases, groups who have recently obtained access did not know how to economically benefit from it.<ref name="Peters, J., Harsdorff, M., & Ziegler, F. (2009). Rural electrification: Accelerating impacts with complementary services. Energy for Sustainable Development, 13(1), 38–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2009.01.004">Peters, J., Harsdorff, M., & Ziegler, F. (2009). Rural electrification: Accelerating impacts with complementary services. Energy for Sustainable Development, 13(1), 38–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2009.01.004</ref>3 [[Community Power|Community]] engagement is required in order to secure any socioeconomic benefit. Thus, creating institutional frameworks is essential to maximize the impact of energy access.
+Information and training need to be fostered, along with improvements in access to institutions and financial inclusion through access to credit. This is especially important as, in some cases, groups who have recently obtained access did not know how to economically benefit from it.<ref name="Peters, J., Harsdorff, M., & Ziegler, F. (2009). Rural electrification: Accelerating impacts with complementary services. Energy for Sustainable Development, 13(1), 38–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2009.01.004">Peters, J., Harsdorff, M., & Ziegler, F. (2009). Rural electrification: Accelerating impacts with complementary services. Energy for Sustainable Development, 13(1), 38–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2009.01.004</ref> [[Community Engagement|Community engagement]] is required in order to secure any socioeconomic benefit. Thus, creating institutional frameworks is essential to maximize the impact of energy access.
 == Monitoring, Evaluation and Transparent Reporting ==
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-| style="text-align: center" | '''Table 1: RISE -Policy and Regulation indicators for Energy Access <ref name="Banerjee, S.G, Moreno, F; Sinton, J.E., Primiani, T., Seong, J. (2017). Regulatory indicators for sustainable energy: a global scorecard for policy makers (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/538181487106403375/Regulatory-indicators-for-sustainable-energy-a-global- scorecard-for-policy-makers">Banerjee, S.G, Moreno, F; Sinton, J.E., Primiani, T., Seong, J. (2017). Regulatory indicators for sustainable energy: a global scorecard for policy makers (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/538181487106403375/Regulatory-indicators-for-sustainable-energy-a-global- scorecard-for-policy-makers</ref>4'''
+| style="text-align: center" | '''Table 1: RISE -Policy and Regulation indicators for Energy Access <ref name="Banerjee, S.G, Moreno, F; Sinton, J.E., Primiani, T., Seong, J. (2017). Regulatory indicators for sustainable energy: a global scorecard for policy makers (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/538181487106403375/Regulatory-indicators-for-sustainable-energy-a-global- scorecard-for-policy-makers">Banerjee, S.G, Moreno, F; Sinton, J.E., Primiani, T., Seong, J. (2017). Regulatory indicators for sustainable energy: a global scorecard for policy makers (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/538181487106403375/Regulatory-indicators-for-sustainable-energy-a-global- scorecard-for-policy-makers</ref>'''
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 = Who? =
-There are many Institutions responsible for planning and implementing energy access. Their roles are elaborated on in [[Institutional_Framework_–_Institutions_and_processes|this Energypedia article]].
+There are many Institutions responsible for planning and implementing energy access. Their roles are elaborated on in [[Institutional Framework – Institutions and processes|this Energypedia article]].
 = How? =
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 = Other reading =
 *Balachandra, P. (2011). Modern energy access to all in rural India: An integrated implementation strategy. Energy Policy, 39(12), 7803–7814. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.026 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.026]
 *Shrestha, R. M., & Acharya, J. S. (2015). Sustainable Energy Access Planning: A Framework. Retrieved from [http://www.adb.org/publications/sustainable-energy-access-planning-framework http://www.adb.org/publications/sustainable-energy-access-planning-framework].
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Planning and Implementing Energy Access - Revision history

Johanna at 09:42, 22 February 2019

Johanna at 14:17, 6 July 2018

Johanna at 14:15, 6 July 2018

Johanna at 14:13, 6 July 2018

Arjun Surendra at 09:40, 5 July 2018

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