Product Design and Purchasing Decision - Revision history

Johanna at 09:24, 4 July 2017

2017-07-04T09:24:07Z

Ranisha at 12:39, 30 June 2017

2017-06-30T12:39:38Z

Gabriela Gemio at 09:19, 19 May 2017

2017-05-19T09:19:15Z

Gabriela Gemio at 09:17, 19 May 2017

2017-05-19T09:17:25Z

Gabriela Gemio at 09:16, 19 May 2017

2017-05-19T09:16:20Z

Gabriela Gemio at 09:15, 19 May 2017

2017-05-19T09:15:42Z

Johanna at 09:51, 27 April 2017

2017-04-27T09:51:43Z

Gabriela Gemio at 10:31, 26 April 2017

2017-04-26T10:31:07Z

Gabriela Gemio at 10:28, 26 April 2017

2017-04-26T10:28:44Z

Gabriela Gemio at 10:04, 26 April 2017

2017-04-26T10:04:19Z

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 = Overview<br/> =
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 <p style="text-align: center">Source: SEI, 2012<ref name="SEI">SEI. (2012). Putting the Cook Before the Stove: a User-Centred Approach to Understanding Household Energy Decision-Making. Working Paper. Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute.https://www.sei-international.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Atmospheric/sei-wp-2012-03-cookstoves.pdf</ref></p>
-These features can serve as a guidance for other technologies, though it is important to contextualize according to the prevailing geographical and socio-economic characteristics and particularities. Taking into account the&nbsp;[[Product Design and Purchasing Decision#Democratic Design|five crucial factors of democratic design]],&nbsp;long lasting&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background: white">and sustainable technology are not considered among the features identified by SEI, as it was not was part of their scope. F<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">urther studies, h</span>owever, <span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">could consider to analyse&nbsp;</span>granted warranties and good performance in tests&nbsp;</span>([[Portal:Solar|Pico PV]] and [[Quality Assurance of Improved Cookstoves (ICS)|Stoves]]) to&nbsp;<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">supplement these aspects</span>.
+These features can serve as a guidance for other technologies, though it is important to contextualize according to the prevailing geographical and socio-economic characteristics and particularities. Taking into account the&nbsp;[[Product Design and Purchasing Decision#Democratic Design|five crucial factors of democratic design]],&nbsp;long lasting&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 10pt;  line-height: 107%;  font-family: Arial, sans-serif;  background: white">and sustainable technology are not considered among the features identified by SEI, as it was not was part of their scope. F<span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">urther studies, h</span>owever, <span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">could consider to analyse&nbsp;</span>granted warranties and good performance in tests&nbsp;</span>([[Portal:Solar|Pico PV]] and [[Quality Assurance of Improved Cookstoves (ICS)|Stoves]]) to&nbsp;<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;  font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">supplement these aspects</span>.
 == Importance of Colour ==
-When a design responds to what users want, it is just a matter of ensuring product information for&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">potential customers and expect them </span>to try (purchase) the product<ref>Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. Fourth edition. New York: The Free Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.de/books?hl=en&lr=&id=v1ii4QsB7jIC&oi=fnd&pg=PR15&dq=rogers+five+stages+of+adoption&ots=DK-osRTo8Q&sig=vJs6qGfhdKMg9YZ03_u55ombdng#v=onepage&q=stages%20adoption&f=false</ref>&nbsp;([[Drivers of Adoption: Innovation and Behavioural Theory|stages of the adoption process of ideas and technology]]). Furthermore,&nbsp;[[Commercialisation of Cookstoves|commercializing]] a product involves a set of activities to persuade customers. According to marketing theory, 85% of customers place <u>colour </u>as a primary reason why they buy a product, and <u>visual appearance</u> is a factor that 93% consumers consider overall .<ref>Kissmetrics. (2017). How do colors affect purchases? Retrieved from Kissmetrics Blog. A blog about analytics, marketing and testing: https://blog.kissmetrics.com/color-psychology/?wide=1</ref><br/>
+When a design responds to what users want, it is just a matter of ensuring product information for&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">potential customers and expect them </span>to try (purchase) the product<ref>Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. Fourth edition. New York: The Free Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.de/books?hl=en&lr=&id=v1ii4QsB7jIC&oi=fnd&pg=PR15&dq=rogers+five+stages+of+adoption&ots=DK-osRTo8Q&sig=vJs6qGfhdKMg9YZ03_u55ombdng#v=onepage&q=stages%20adoption&f=false</ref>&nbsp;([[Drivers of Adoption: Innovation and Behavioural Theory|stages of the adoption process of ideas and technology]]). Furthermore,&nbsp;[[Commercialisation of Cookstoves|commercializing]] a product involves a set of activities to persuade customers. According to marketing theory, 85% of customers place <u>colour </u>as a primary reason why they buy a product, and <u>visual appearance</u> is a factor that 93% consumers consider overall .<ref>Kissmetrics. (2017). How do colors affect purchases? Retrieved from Kissmetrics Blog. A blog about analytics, marketing and testing: https://blog.kissmetrics.com/color-psychology/?wide=1</ref><br/>
 Multicultural research approaches stress the importance of understanding the cultural interpretations and/ or associations of colour in product design, as these may result of century-old traditions, religious beliefs, contemporary influences, political an historical developments and form the cultural foundation of a country or people<ref name="TNS">TNS Multicultural Research Services. (2010). Multicultural Researach. A selection of expertise from TNS colleagues around the world. New York: TNS Multicultural Research Services. Retrieved from https://www.tns-infratest.com/presse/pdf/autorenbeitraege/10_41_ab_tns_mc_book_03-03-2010.pdf</ref>.&nbsp;Therefore, the potential of knowing these particular interpretations should not be underestimated. Used in the right way could mean understanding the mind-set of customers not only in terms of what they want but also on terms of aesthetics. ‘The wrong choice of a products’ colour can result in a slow seller […] among the Massai (ethnic group from south of Kenya and northern Tanzania), there is a high probability that a product will sell if it has some red colour on it. Why? Because red is sacred, the colour of blood from their cattle, which they cherish so much’<ref name="TNS">_</ref>.<br/>
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		+	[[Category:Research]]
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 |}
 <p style="text-align: center">Source: SEI, 2012<ref name="SEI">SEI. (2012). Putting the Cook Before the Stove: a User-Centred Approach to Understanding Household Energy Decision-Making. Working Paper. Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute.https://www.sei-international.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Atmospheric/sei-wp-2012-03-cookstoves.pdf</ref></p>
-These features can serve as a guidance for other technologies, though it is important to contextualize according to the prevailing geographical and socio-economic characteristics and particularities. Taking into account the&nbsp;[[Product Design and Purchasing Decision#Democratic Design|five crucial factors of democratic design]],&nbsp;long lasting&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background: white;">and sustainable technology are not considered among the features identified by SEI, as it was not was part of their scope. F<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">urther studies, h</span>owever, <span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">could consider to analyse&nbsp;</span>granted warranties and good performance in tests&nbsp;</span>([[Portal:Solar|Pico PV]] and [[Quality Assurance of Improved Cookstoves (ICS)|Stoves]]) to&nbsp;<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">supplement these aspects</span>.
+These features can serve as a guidance for other technologies, though it is important to contextualize according to the prevailing geographical and socio-economic characteristics and particularities. Taking into account the&nbsp;[[Product Design and Purchasing Decision#Democratic Design|five crucial factors of democratic design]],&nbsp;long lasting&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 10pt;  line-height: 107%;  font-family: Arial, sans-serif;  background: white">and sustainable technology are not considered among the features identified by SEI, as it was not was part of their scope. F<span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">urther studies, h</span>owever, <span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">could consider to analyse&nbsp;</span>granted warranties and good performance in tests&nbsp;</span>([[Portal:Solar|Pico PV]] and [[Quality Assurance of Improved Cookstoves (ICS)|Stoves]]) to&nbsp;<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;  font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">supplement these aspects</span>.
 == Importance of Colour ==
-When a design responds to what users want, it is just a matter of ensuring product information for&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">potential customers and expect them </span>to try (purchase) the product<ref>Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. Fourth edition. New York: The Free Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.de/books?hl=en&lr=&id=v1ii4QsB7jIC&oi=fnd&pg=PR15&dq=rogers+five+stages+of+adoption&ots=DK-osRTo8Q&sig=vJs6qGfhdKMg9YZ03_u55ombdng#v=onepage&q=stages%20adoption&f=false</ref>&nbsp;([[Drivers of Adoption: Innovation and Behavioural Theory|stages of the adoption process of ideas and technology]]). Furthermore,&nbsp;[[Commercialisation of Cookstoves|commercializing]] a product involves a set of activities to persuade customers. According to marketing theory, 85% of customers place <u>colour </u>as a primary reason why they buy a product, and <u>visual appearance</u> is a factor that 93% consumers consider overall .<ref>Kissmetrics. (2017). How do colors affect purchases? Retrieved from Kissmetrics Blog. A blog about analytics, marketing and testing: https://blog.kissmetrics.com/color-psychology/?wide=1</ref><br/>
+When a design responds to what users want, it is just a matter of ensuring product information for&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">potential customers and expect them </span>to try (purchase) the product<ref>Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. Fourth edition. New York: The Free Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.de/books?hl=en&lr=&id=v1ii4QsB7jIC&oi=fnd&pg=PR15&dq=rogers+five+stages+of+adoption&ots=DK-osRTo8Q&sig=vJs6qGfhdKMg9YZ03_u55ombdng#v=onepage&q=stages%20adoption&f=false</ref>&nbsp;([[Drivers of Adoption: Innovation and Behavioural Theory|stages of the adoption process of ideas and technology]]). Furthermore,&nbsp;[[Commercialisation of Cookstoves|commercializing]] a product involves a set of activities to persuade customers. According to marketing theory, 85% of customers place <u>colour </u>as a primary reason why they buy a product, and <u>visual appearance</u> is a factor that 93% consumers consider overall .<ref>Kissmetrics. (2017). How do colors affect purchases? Retrieved from Kissmetrics Blog. A blog about analytics, marketing and testing: https://blog.kissmetrics.com/color-psychology/?wide=1</ref><br/>
 Multicultural research approaches stress the importance of understanding the cultural interpretations and/ or associations of colour in product design, as these may result of century-old traditions, religious beliefs, contemporary influences, political an historical developments and form the cultural foundation of a country or people<ref name="TNS">TNS Multicultural Research Services. (2010). Multicultural Researach. A selection of expertise from TNS colleagues around the world. New York: TNS Multicultural Research Services. Retrieved from https://www.tns-infratest.com/presse/pdf/autorenbeitraege/10_41_ab_tns_mc_book_03-03-2010.pdf</ref>.&nbsp;Therefore, the potential of knowing these particular interpretations should not be underestimated. Used in the right way could mean understanding the mind-set of customers not only in terms of what they want but also on terms of aesthetics. ‘The wrong choice of a products’ colour can result in a slow seller […] among the Massai (ethnic group from south of Kenya and northern Tanzania), there is a high probability that a product will sell if it has some red colour on it. Why? Because red is sacred, the colour of blood from their cattle, which they cherish so much’<ref name="TNS">_</ref>.<br/>
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 = How a User Centred and Democratic Design Responds to Purchase Behaviours?<br/> =
-<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">Worldwide there is plentiful experience with ICS, as well as a very dynamic development of Pico PV technologies in the past years, that is exactly why the following open questions motivate further understanding the influence of democratic and user-centred design. Perhaps some of these questions have been described in studies that were not considered in this article, or exist in frameworks, methodologies and tools or rather still demand an answer by starting the discussion here.</span>
+Worldwide there is plentiful experience with ICS, as well as a very dynamic development of Pico PV technologies in the past years, that is exactly why the following open questions motivate further understanding the influence of democratic and user-centred design. Perhaps some of these questions have been described in studies that were not considered in this article, or exist in frameworks, methodologies and tools or rather still demand an answer by starting the discussion here.
-*<span style="color:#0000CD"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">How balanced is the relation between engineering&nbsp;(i.e. to achieve efficiency with chimney, temperature control, automated ash collection, electricity needs and other extras) and social science (i.e. focused on the person(s) doing the cooking and his/her context)?</span></span>
+*<span style="color:#0000CD">How balanced is the relation between engineering&nbsp;(i.e. to achieve efficiency with chimney, temperature control, automated ash collection, electricity needs and other extras) and social science (i.e. focused on the person(s) doing the cooking and his/her context)?</span>
-*<span style="color:#0000CD"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">In the practice, which colours & symbols are associated to: trust, luxury, reliability, good, status, prestige, happiness, accomplishment, clean, wealth, trustworthy, sophistication, etc.?</span></span>
+*<span style="color:#0000CD">In the practice, which colours & symbols are associated to: trust, luxury, reliability, good, status, prestige, happiness, accomplishment, clean, wealth, trustworthy, sophistication, etc.?</span>
-*<span style="color:#0000CD"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">Based on the five criteria of democratic design (functional, beautiful, long lasting, sustainable, affordable), which are the reasons for purchasing an improved energy technology?</span></span>
+*<span style="color:#0000CD">Based on the five criteria of democratic design (functional, beautiful, long lasting, sustainable, affordable), which are the reasons for purchasing an improved energy technology?</span>
-*<span style="color:#0000CD"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">Which are the documented examples to contextualize technologies to social aspects such as culture, beliefs, practices, etc.?</span></span>
+*<span style="color:#0000CD">Which are the documented examples to contextualize technologies to social aspects such as culture, beliefs, practices, etc.?</span>
-*<span style="color:#0000CD"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">Is there an experience monitoring sales behaviours before and after adjusting the design to a user-centred approach based on the context/ current conditions?</span></span>
+*<span style="color:#0000CD">Is there an experience monitoring sales behaviours before and after adjusting the design to a user-centred approach based on the context/ current conditions?</span>
 <br/>
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 = Further Reading =
-*[[Adapted Product and Service Design – How to Work Together for a Sustainable Future?|Adapted Product and Service Design- How to Work Together for a Sustainable Future?]] Summary and presentations of Prof. Kalevi Ekman from Finland&nbsp;founder of the Aalto University Design Factory and Noara Kebir is the Managing Director and co-founder of MicroEnergy International.&nbsp;<br/>
+*[[Adapted Product and Service Design – How to Work Together for a Sustainable Future?|Adapted Product and Service Design- How to Work Together for a Sustainable Future?]] Summary and presentations of Prof. Kalevi Ekman from Finland&nbsp;founder of the Aalto University Design Factory and Noara Kebir is the Managing Director and co-founder of MicroEnergy International.<br/>
 *More about [https://www.sei-international.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Atmospheric/sei-wp-2012-03-cookstoves.pdf putting people at the centre of the design process] in a study carried out in India to identify influences over household energy choices. The study applied a qualitative ‘generative’ research methodology to research on energy use and dynamics.&nbsp;[https://www.sei-international.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Atmospheric/sei-wp-2012-03-cookstoves.pdf Energy use and dynamics in villages in India]&nbsp;(stoves).
 *[https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B6m2VtucIAiqLUM2VE4xcFhIa00/edit Institutional use of ethanol cookstoves in Maputo, pilot study].<br/>