Wiki Gardener at 10:30, 13 August 2014

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Ranisha at 11:41, 18 July 2014

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Wiki Gardener at 09:47, 18 June 2014

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Irena Irmler: /* Introduction */

2013-02-19T17:31:51Z

Introduction

Benjamin Rebenich at 15:33, 8 February 2012

2012-02-08T15:33:05Z

Anna Natascha Pfisterer at 16:33, 24 March 2011

2011-03-24T16:33:59Z

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Intern at 11:55, 7 June 2010

2010-06-07T11:55:01Z

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Harald Olk at 14:55, 1 June 2010

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Rauwol mar at 11:23, 4 May 2010

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David e: New page: ===6. Social Aspects of Grid Interconnection=== ==6.1. Introduction== Power grid interconnections have the potential to affect the societies in the interconnected countries in a number o...

2009-06-23T08:51:38Z

New page: ===6. Social Aspects of Grid Interconnection=== ==6.1. Introduction== Power grid interconnections have the potential to affect the societies in the interconnected countries in a number o...

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:31, 19 February 2013
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−	~~= Introduction =~~

−	Power grid interconnections have the potential to affect the societies in the interconnected countries in a number of ways. These impacts on societies can be positive or, particularly in instances where the costs and benefits of interconnection are not fairly distributed, negative. As a result, power grid interconnections can contribute to sustainable development, can damage prospects for sustainable development, or, because grid interconnection infrastructure may cover thousands of kilometers, have both types of impacts in separate places and among separate peoples. This Chapter describes some of the potential social benefits of international grid interconnections, and of the electrical power and income such interconnections can provide. Also described are the potential social costs and liabilities of grid interconnection, as well as approaches to enhance the social benefits, and reduce the social costs, of grid interconnections.	+	= Introduction =
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		+	Power grid interconnections have the potential to affect the societies in the interconnected countries in a number of ways. These impacts on societies can be positive or, particularly in instances where the costs and benefits of interconnection are not fairly distributed, negative. As a result, power grid interconnections can contribute to sustainable development, can damage prospects for sustainable development, or, because grid interconnection infrastructure may cover thousands of kilometers, have both types of impacts in separate places and among separate peoples. This Chapter describes some of the potential social benefits of international grid interconnections, and of the electrical power and income such interconnections can provide. [http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Multi-purpose_dams Dam structures] can be small-scale or large-scale infrastructure, with dam heights ranging from a few meters up to several hundred. Also described are the potential social costs and liabilities of grid interconnection, as well as approaches to enhance the social benefits, and reduce the social costs, of grid interconnections.
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	= Potential Social Benefits of Grid Interconnection =		= Potential Social Benefits of Grid Interconnection =

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 = Summary and Conclusion  =
 International grid interconnection projects may yield significant social benefits to some or many groups in the nations participating in the projects. Among these benefits are: • The social benefits derived from enhanced supplies of electricity. An international interconnection may help to provide better power quality, more reliable power, and more widespread availability of electricity to communities. Greater availability of affordable electricity can provide more opportunities for education, improvements in health care, development of employment opportunities, and reduction of difficult and labor-intensive tasks, all of which can contribute to sustainable development. • The social benefits derived from national and/or local income related to electricity sales. If carefully and equitably distributed, and particularly when spent toward meeting social development goals such as improved education, health care, and housing, agricultural improvement, and creation of employment opportunities, the income to power exporting countries from an interconnection agreement may have many positive social impacts. • A spur toward additional cooperative activities between the interconnected societies. Successful operation of a grid interconnection may provide the experience and incentive for interconnected countries to embark on additional cooperative activities, including cultural exchanges and trade in other commodities, that can help improve social (as well as political) relations between the countries. Among the potential social costs and/or liabilities of grid interconnection are: • The isolation of local residents from resources. The presence of a power line or other types of infrastructure used in grid interconnections may partially or totally physically separate local groups from the water, land, forest, agricultural, social and economic (local towns and markets), and other resources that they use regularly. • The process of construction of interconnection infrastructure may bring in unwanted outside influences, causing social problems in formerly isolated local populations ranging from alcoholism to violence. • Other fuel cycle impacts on social groups. For electricity exporting countries, the construction and operation of power plants built to feed an interconnection, and of the fuel supply infrastructure that feeds the power plants, may have significant social impacts. Displacement of populations by new facilities (particularly hydro facilities) can be considerable, and can lead to social problems such as out-migration from rural areas to the margins of cities, under-employment, and dislocation from ancestral lands. • Increased dependence on outside resources. For electricity importing countries, use of electricity provided via an interconnection from a neighboring country can reduce the incentive to use local resources, can increase the vulnerability of communities to cuts in power supply that are outside of the control of the community and the nation, and can reduce the preparedness of the community to deal with electricity shortages. Some of the general approaches to making sure that social benefits of interconnections are maximized, and social costs are minimized, include, as noted above: • Locating new power lines in existing transmission or transport corridors as much as possible. • Making sure that the social benefits and costs are fully considered as part of any project impact or feasibility study, and make sure that social and economic benefits and costs of the project are equitably distributed. • Integrating consideration of grid interconnections as a part of overall long-term electricity sector (and general energy sector) planning. • Plan the construction and operation of grid interconnections so as to minimize social costs and assure that social benefits are delivered as promised. Continue planning and assessment studies even after the grid integration project is completed and avoid “developer’s fatigue”, in which “the enthusiasm which characterized the initial socio-economic activity waned when this should have been the time for such activities to have been accelerated”114. • Implement capacity building to allow different social stakeholder groups to meaningfully participate in investigating and deciding upon grid interconnection options, and in planning for grid interconnection construction and operation.
 [[Category:Grid]]

Social Aspects of Grid Interconnection - Revision history

Wiki Gardener at 10:30, 13 August 2014

Ranisha at 11:41, 18 July 2014

Wiki Gardener at 09:47, 18 June 2014

Irena Irmler: /* Introduction */

Benjamin Rebenich at 15:33, 8 February 2012

Anna Natascha Pfisterer at 16:33, 24 March 2011

Intern at 11:55, 7 June 2010

Harald Olk at 14:55, 1 June 2010

Rauwol mar at 11:23, 4 May 2010

David e: New page: ===6. Social Aspects of Grid Interconnection=== ==6.1. Introduction== Power grid interconnections have the potential to affect the societies in the interconnected countries in a number o...