Solar Water Heater - Revision history

Lisafeldmann at 12:23, 15 December 2021

2021-12-15T12:23:54Z

Johanna at 12:51, 8 June 2018

2018-06-08T12:51:49Z

Johanna: /* Global Market Trends for Solar Water Heaters */

2017-06-08T13:16:28Z

Global Market Trends for Solar Water Heaters

Johanna: /* Further information */

2017-03-29T09:56:51Z

Further information

Johanna: /* Global Market Trends for Solar Water Heaters */

2017-03-28T14:41:20Z

Global Market Trends for Solar Water Heaters

Johanna: /* Further information */

2017-03-28T14:29:23Z

Further information

Johanna: /* Further information */

2017-03-28T08:10:05Z

Further information

Johanna at 08:06, 28 March 2017

2017-03-28T08:06:31Z

Johanna at 08:04, 28 March 2017

2017-03-28T08:04:09Z

Show changes

Johanna at 07:56, 28 March 2017

2017-03-28T07:56:42Z

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 #'''Integral-collector storage systems''' or batch systems consist of a tank that is directly heated by sunlight. These are the oldest and simplest solar water heater designs and are good for households with significant daytime and evening hot-water needs. However, they do not work well in households with predominantly morning usage because they lose most of the collected energy overnight. These solar collectors are suited for areas where temperatures rarely go below freezing.<br/>
-#'''Thermosyphon systems''' are an economical and reliable choice. These systems rely on the natural convection of warm water rising to circulate water through the collectors and to a storage tank located above the collector. As water in the solar collector heats, it becomes lighter and rises naturally into the tank above. Meanwhile, the cooler water flows down the pipes to the bottom of the collector, thereby enhancing the circulation. Indirect Thermosiphon systems use a glycol fluid in the collector loop as a heating medium.<ref name="UNEP (2015): Solar Water Heating, a Strategic Planning Guide for Cities in Developing Countries http://www.estif.org/fileadmin/estif/content/publications/downloads/UNEP_2015/unep_report_cities_lr.pdf">UNEP (2015): Solar Water Heating, a Strategic Planning Guide for Cities in Developing Countries http://www.estif.org/fileadmin/estif/content/publications/downloads/UNEP_2015/unep_report_cities_lr.pdf </ref><br/>
+#'''Thermosyphon systems''' are an economical and reliable choice. These systems rely on the natural convection of warm water rising to circulate water through the collectors and to a storage tank located above the collector. As water in the solar collector heats, it becomes lighter and rises naturally into the tank above. Meanwhile, the cooler water flows down the pipes to the bottom of the collector, thereby enhancing the circulation. Indirect Thermosiphon systems use a glycol fluid in the collector loop as a heating medium.<ref name="UNEP (2015): Solar Water Heating, a Strategic Planning Guide for Cities in Developing Countries http://www.estif.org/fileadmin/estif/content/publications/downloads/UNEP_2015/unep_report_cities_lr.pdf">UNEP (2015): [http://www.estif.org/fileadmin/estif/content/publications/downloads/UNEP_2015/unep_report_cities_lr.pdf Solar Water Heating, a Strategic Planning Guide for Cities in Developing Countries]  </ref><br/>
 '''Most solar thermal systems installed in developing countries are thermosiphon systems.'''<br/>

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+<br/>
 = Global Market Trends for Solar Water Heaters =
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 = Market Barriers and Limitations =
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+<br/>
 = Further information =
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 *Technical Brief: Solar Water Heating by Amy Punter. This publication by Practical Action explains how solar energy may be used to heat water and how the technology works. [http://practicalaction.org/solar-water-heating http://practicalaction.org/solar-water-heating]
 *[http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/WECF_Construction__of_solar_collectors.pdf Construction of Solar Collectors for Warm Water] – Practical guide by Regina Drexel and Rostom Gamisonia. This brochure by Women in Europe for a Common Future shows how to use the energy from the sun for heating water, how to construct a solar water heater and gives an overview of other solar collector models.
-*[http://www.gate-international.org/documents/techbriefs/webdocs/pdfs/e021e_2003.pdf Solar Water Heater with Thermosyphon Circulation] by Bernd Sitzmann. This publication describes briefly the advantages and engineering aspects of solar water heaters with thermosyphon circulation.&nbsp;&nbsp;
+*[[:File:Solar_Water_Heater_with_Thermosyphon_Circulation_GATE_2003_Bernd_Sitzmann.pdf|Solar Water Heater with Thermosyphon Circulation]] by Bernd Sitzmann. This publication describes briefly the advantages and engineering aspects of solar water heaters with thermosyphon circulation.&nbsp;&nbsp;
 *[http://answers.practicalaction.org/our-resources/item/serpentine-solar-water-heating-guidelines-for-fabrication Guidelines for Fabrication of serpentine solar water heaters] by Ben Dana. Practical Action, 2009.
 *Two very comprehensive studies on the Solar Heating and Cooling Sector were published in early June 2016: REN21’s the [http://www.solarthermalworld.org/content/webinar-global-view-solar-heating-and-cooling-market-industry-and-policy Renewables 2016 Global Status Report (GSR2016) from REN21 and Solar Heat Worldwide] from the IEA Solar Heating and Cooling programme (IEA SHC). This webinar will highlight the key data and findings of these two studies looking at new installations, prospering applications, market barriers, industry trends, costs of solar heat and jobs.
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 = References =
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 <references /><br/>[[#toc|►Go to Top]]
 [[Category:Solar]]

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 <br/>
 = Global Market Trends for Solar Water Heaters =
-*See also <span dir="auto">[[Solar_Water_Heaters_Worldwide_-_Market_Development|Solar Water Heaters Worldwide - Market Development]]</span><br/>
+*See also [[Solar Water Heaters Worldwide - Market Development|Solar Water Heaters Worldwide - Market Development]]<br/>
 The use of solar energy to generate heat is a well-established technology that has been used for decades.<ref name="Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena), ‘Renewable Energy Solutions for Off-Grid Applications. Providing Electric Power and Heat for Regions without Grid Power or Connected to a Weak Grid’, 2013, http://www.renewables-made-in-germany.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Auslandsmarketing/Offgrid_2013_131020.pdf.">Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena), ‘Renewable Energy Solutions for Off-Grid Applications. Providing Electric Power and Heat for Regions without Grid Power or Connected to a Weak Grid’, 2013, http://www.renewables-made-in-germany.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Auslandsmarketing/Offgrid_2013_131020.pdf.</ref><br/>
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 #sufficient government support (e.g. subsidies to consumers or manufacturers, mandates, or technology promotion).<ref name="Trudy Forsyth et al., ‘Quality Infrastructure for Renewable Energy Technologies: Solar Water Heaters’ (International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), 2015), http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/IRENA_QI_3_SWH_2015.pdf.">Trudy Forsyth et al., ‘Quality Infrastructure for Renewable Energy Technologies: Solar Water Heaters’ (International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), 2015), http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/IRENA_QI_3_SWH_2015.pdf.</ref><br/>
-For example, market penetration is at 90% in residential homes in Cyprus and Israel which can be at least partially be attributed to the establishment of SWH mandates since the 1980s. Another important example is China which has the largest market is and the biggest share of newly installed capacity (around 80% of recently installed capacity globally).<ref name="International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP, ‘Solar Heating and Cooling for Residential Applications | Technology Brief’.">International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP, ‘Solar Heating and Cooling for Residential Applications | Technology Brief’.</ref> The markets in Sub-Saharan Africa, [[Solar_Water_Heaters_in_Latin_America_-_Market_Development|Latin America]], the MENA region and other regions within Asia (excl. China) are comparably small&nbsp; (see figure below).<br/>
+For example, market penetration is at 90% in residential homes in Cyprus and Israel which can be at least partially be attributed to the establishment of SWH mandates since the 1980s. Another important example is China which has the largest market is and the biggest share of newly installed capacity (around 80% of recently installed capacity globally).<ref name="International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP, ‘Solar Heating and Cooling for Residential Applications | Technology Brief’.">International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP, ‘Solar Heating and Cooling for Residential Applications | Technology Brief’.</ref> The markets in Sub-Saharan Africa, [[Solar Water Heaters in Latin America - Market Development|Latin America]], the MENA region and other regions within Asia (excl. China) are comparably small&nbsp; (see figure below).<br/>
 '''Figure: World market for SWH of flat plate and evacuated tube collectors from 2000 to 2010.<ref name="Alessandro Clerici and World Energy Council, World Energy Resources. 2013 Survey (London: World Energy Council, 2013).">Alessandro Clerici and World Energy Council, World Energy Resources. 2013 Survey (London: World Energy Council, 2013).</ref>'''

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 *[[:Category:Solar Heater|All articles on solar water heaters]]
 *[[Solar Thermal Technologies|Solar thermal technologies]]
-*[[Solar_Water_Heaters_Worldwide_-_Market_Development|Solar Water Heaters Worldwide - Market Development]]
+*[[Solar Water Heaters Worldwide - Market Development|Solar Water Heaters Worldwide - Market Development]]
 *Technical Brief: Solar Water Heating by Amy Punter. This publication by Practical Action explains how solar energy may be used to heat water and how the technology works. [http://practicalaction.org/solar-water-heating http://practicalaction.org/solar-water-heating]
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 *Two very comprehensive studies on the Solar Heating and Cooling Sector were published in early June 2016: REN21’s the [http://www.solarthermalworld.org/content/webinar-global-view-solar-heating-and-cooling-market-industry-and-policy Renewables 2016 Global Status Report (GSR2016) from REN21 and Solar Heat Worldwide] from the IEA Solar Heating and Cooling programme (IEA SHC). This webinar will highlight the key data and findings of these two studies looking at new installations, prospering applications, market barriers, industry trends, costs of solar heat and jobs.
 *IRENA offers various trainings regarding solar water heating, e.g. [https://irelp.irena.org/courses/description.aspx?CourID=152 Solar Water Heating Project Feasibility Analysis Course]
-*[[Rica/8-Setup test lab SWH -Stephan Fischer.pdf http://www.irena.org/EventDocs/Costa Rica/8-Setup test lab SWH -Stephan Fischer.pdf|How to set up a test laboratory for Solar Water Heater]] (2015) by Research and Testing Centre for Thermal Solar Systems (TZS) Stephan Fischer.
+*[http://www.irena.org/EventDocs/Costa_Rica/8-Setup_test_lab_SWH_-Stephan_Fischer.pdf How to set up a test laboratory for Solar Water Heater] (2015) by Research and Testing Centre for Thermal Solar Systems (TZS) Stephan Fischer.
 *IRENA held a [http://www.irena.org/menu/index.aspx?CatID=79&PriMenuID=30&SubcatID=623&mnu=Subcat Forum on Quality Assurance Schemes for Solar Water Heating in Latin America and the Caribbean] 29-30 June 2015 in San Jose, Costa Rica.
 *[https://energypedia.info/images/9/95/Solar_Thermal_Energy_Basis_Mr_Kofler_ITW.pdf Introduction to solar thermal technology].

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 <br/>
 = Global Market Trends for Solar Water Heaters =
-*See also <span dir="auto">[[Solar Water Heating Worldwide|Solar Water Heating Worldwide]]</span><br/>
+*See also <span dir="auto">[[Solar_Water_Heaters_Worldwide_-_Market_Development|Solar Water Heaters Worldwide - Market Development]]</span><br/>
 The use of solar energy to generate heat is a well-established technology that has been used for decades.<ref name="Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena), ‘Renewable Energy Solutions for Off-Grid Applications. Providing Electric Power and Heat for Regions without Grid Power or Connected to a Weak Grid’, 2013, http://www.renewables-made-in-germany.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Auslandsmarketing/Offgrid_2013_131020.pdf.">Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena), ‘Renewable Energy Solutions for Off-Grid Applications. Providing Electric Power and Heat for Regions without Grid Power or Connected to a Weak Grid’, 2013, http://www.renewables-made-in-germany.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Auslandsmarketing/Offgrid_2013_131020.pdf.</ref><br/>
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 #sufficient government support (e.g. subsidies to consumers or manufacturers, mandates, or technology promotion).<ref name="Trudy Forsyth et al., ‘Quality Infrastructure for Renewable Energy Technologies: Solar Water Heaters’ (International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), 2015), http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/IRENA_QI_3_SWH_2015.pdf.">Trudy Forsyth et al., ‘Quality Infrastructure for Renewable Energy Technologies: Solar Water Heaters’ (International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), 2015), http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/IRENA_QI_3_SWH_2015.pdf.</ref><br/>
-For example, market penetration is at 90% in residential homes in Cyprus and Israel which can be at least partially be attributed to the establishment of SWH mandates since the 1980s. Another important example is China which has the largest market is and the biggest share of newly installed capacity (around 80% of recently installed capacity globally).<ref name="International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP, ‘Solar Heating and Cooling for Residential Applications | Technology Brief’.">International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP, ‘Solar Heating and Cooling for Residential Applications | Technology Brief’.</ref> The markets in Sub-Saharan Africa, [[Solar Water Heating in Latin America|Latin America]], the MENA region and other regions within Asia (excl. China) are comparably small&nbsp; (see figure below).<br/>
+For example, market penetration is at 90% in residential homes in Cyprus and Israel which can be at least partially be attributed to the establishment of SWH mandates since the 1980s. Another important example is China which has the largest market is and the biggest share of newly installed capacity (around 80% of recently installed capacity globally).<ref name="International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP, ‘Solar Heating and Cooling for Residential Applications | Technology Brief’.">International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP, ‘Solar Heating and Cooling for Residential Applications | Technology Brief’.</ref> The markets in Sub-Saharan Africa, [[Solar_Water_Heaters_in_Latin_America_-_Market_Development|Latin America]], the MENA region and other regions within Asia (excl. China) are comparably small&nbsp; (see figure below).<br/>
 '''Figure: World market for SWH of flat plate and evacuated tube collectors from 2000 to 2010.<ref name="Alessandro Clerici and World Energy Council, World Energy Resources. 2013 Survey (London: World Energy Council, 2013).">Alessandro Clerici and World Energy Council, World Energy Resources. 2013 Survey (London: World Energy Council, 2013).</ref>'''
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 = Market Barriers and Limitations =

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 *'''United Arab Emirates''' Solar water heating regulation (since 2011): the emirate of Dubai requires new buildings to meet 75% of their water heating requirements by solar power. In case a swimming pool is included in the building footprint, 50% of its water heating requirements must be met by solar power. Source: [http://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/unitedarabemirates/name-31250-en.php?return=PG5hdiBpZD0iYnJlYWRjcnVtYiI-PGEgaHJlZj0iLyI-SG9tZTwvYT4gJnJhcXVvOyA8YSBocmVmPSIvcG9saWNpZXNhbmRtZWFzdXJlcy8iPlBvbGljaWVzIGFuZCBNZWFzdXJlczwvYT4gJnJhcXVvOyA8YSBocmVmPSIvcG9saWNpZXNhbmRtZWFzdXJlcy9yZW5ld2FibGVlbmVyZ3kvIj5SZW5ld2FibGUgRW5lcmd5PC9hPjwvbmF2Pg,,&s=dHlwZT1yZSZzdGF0dXM9T2s, IEA database]
 *'''Burkina Faso''' Law of finance 2013 relative to the deletion of customs charges and value-added tax on solar energy equipment and material . Source: [https://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/burkinafaso/name-46871-en.php?s=dHlwZT1yZSZzdGF0dXM9T2s,&return=PG5hdiBpZD0iYnJlYWRjcnVtYiI-PGEgaHJlZj0iLyI-SG9tZTwvYT4gJnJhcXVvOyA8YSBocmVmPSIvcG9saWNpZXNhbmRtZWFzdXJlcy8iPlBvbGljaWVzIGFuZCBNZWFzdXJlczwvYT4gJnJhcXVvOyA8YSBocmVmPSIvcG9saWNpZXNhbmRtZWFzdXJlcy9yZW5ld2FibGVlbmVyZ3kvIj5SZW5ld2FibGUgRW5lcmd5PC9hPjwvbmF2Pg,, IEA database]
-*'''Kenya '''Solar water heating regulations (since 2012): These target premises with hot water requirements above 100 litres: new buildings with hot water requirements of over 100 litres will have to install solar heating systems while the existing ones have 5 years to install and use solar heating systems that cover at least 60% of their hot water demand. Source:[https://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/kenya/name-32095-en.php?s=dHlwZT1yZSZzdGF0dXM9T2s,&return=PG5hdiBpZD0iYnJlYWRjcnVtYiI-PGEgaHJlZj0iLyI-SG9tZTwvYT4gJnJhcXVvOyA8YSBocmVmPSIvcG9saWNpZXNhbmRtZWFzdXJlcy8iPlBvbGljaWVzIGFuZCBNZWFzdXJlczwvYT4gJnJhcXVvOyA8YSBocmVmPSIvcG9saWNpZXNhbmRtZWFzdXJlcy9yZW5ld2FibGVlbmVyZ3kvIj5SZW5ld2FibGUgRW5lcmd5PC9hPjwvbmF2Pg,, IEA database]
+*'''Kenya '''Solar water heating regulations (since 2012): These target premises with hot water requirements above 100 litres: new buildings with hot water requirements of over 100 litres will have to install solar heating systems while the existing ones have 5 years to install and use solar heating systems that cover at least 60% of their hot water demand. Source: [https://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/kenya/name-32095-en.php?s=dHlwZT1yZSZzdGF0dXM9T2s,&return=PG5hdiBpZD0iYnJlYWRjcnVtYiI-PGEgaHJlZj0iLyI-SG9tZTwvYT4gJnJhcXVvOyA8YSBocmVmPSIvcG9saWNpZXNhbmRtZWFzdXJlcy8iPlBvbGljaWVzIGFuZCBNZWFzdXJlczwvYT4gJnJhcXVvOyA8YSBocmVmPSIvcG9saWNpZXNhbmRtZWFzdXJlcy9yZW5ld2FibGVlbmVyZ3kvIj5SZW5ld2FibGUgRW5lcmd5PC9hPjwvbmF2Pg,, IEA database]
 *'''El Salvador''': Master Plan for Renewable Energy Development (2012-2026): target of 200 MW of new installed capacity of solar thermal energy until 2026. Source: [https://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/elsalvador/name-159633-en.php IEA database]
 *'''Uruguay '''Solar Thermal Energy Plan (since 2012): The plan grants incentives to households and businesses that buy SWH through credit; electricity bill gets discounts. It was designed and implemented by the state-owned generation and transmission UTE. Source: [https://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/uruguay/name-31972-en.php?s=dHlwZT1yZSZzdGF0dXM9T2s,&return=PG5hdiBpZD0iYnJlYWRjcnVtYiI-PGEgaHJlZj0iLyI-SG9tZTwvYT4gJnJhcXVvOyA8YSBocmVmPSIvcG9saWNpZXNhbmRtZWFzdXJlcy8iPlBvbGljaWVzIGFuZCBNZWFzdXJlczwvYT4gJnJhcXVvOyA8YSBocmVmPSIvcG9saWNpZXNhbmRtZWFzdXJlcy9yZW5ld2FibGVlbmVyZ3kvIj5SZW5ld2FibGUgRW5lcmd5PC9hPjwvbmF2Pg,, IEA database]
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 *Construction of Solar Collectors for Warm Water – Practical guide by Regina Drexel and Rostom Gamisonia. This brochure by Women in Europe for a Common Future shows how to use the energy from the sun for heating water, how to construct a solar water heater and gives an overview of other solar collector models. [http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/WECF_Construction_ of_solar_collectors.pdf http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/WECF_Construction_ of_solar_collectors.pdf]&nbsp;
 *Solar Water Heater with Thermosyphon Circulation by Bernd Sitzmann. This publication describes briefly the advantages and engineering aspects of solar water heaters with thermosyphon circulation. [http://www.gate-international.org/documents/techbriefs/webdocs/pdfs/e021e_2003.pdf http://www.gate-international.org/documents/techbriefs/webdocs/pdfs/e021e_2003.pdf]&nbsp;&nbsp;
 *[http://answers.practicalaction.org/our-resources/item/serpentine-solar-water-heating-guidelines-for-fabrication Guidelines for Fabrication of serpentine solar water heaters] by Ben Dana. Practical Action, 2009.
 *Two very comprehensive studies on the Solar Heating and Cooling Sector were published in early June 2016: REN21’s the [http://www.solarthermalworld.org/content/webinar-global-view-solar-heating-and-cooling-market-industry-and-policy Renewables 2016 Global Status Report (GSR2016) from REN21 and Solar Heat Worldwide] from the IEA Solar Heating and Cooling programme (IEA SHC). This webinar will highlight the key data and findings of these two studies looking at new installations, prospering applications, market barriers, industry trends, costs of solar heat and jobs.
 *IRENA offers various trainings regarding solar water heating, e.g. [https://irelp.irena.org/courses/description.aspx?CourID=152 Solar Water Heating Project Feasibility Analysis Course]
-*[[Rica/8-Setup_test_lab_SWH_-Stephan_Fischer.pdf_http://www.irena.org/EventDocs/Costa_Rica/8-Setup_test_lab_SWH_-Stephan_Fischer.pdf|How to set up a test laboratory for Solar Water Heater]] (2015) by Research and Testing Centre for Thermal Solar Systems (TZS) Stephan Fischer.
+*[[Rica/8-Setup test lab SWH -Stephan Fischer.pdf http://www.irena.org/EventDocs/Costa Rica/8-Setup test lab SWH -Stephan Fischer.pdf|How to set up a test laboratory for Solar Water Heater]] (2015) by Research and Testing Centre for Thermal Solar Systems (TZS) Stephan Fischer.
 *IRENA held a [http://www.irena.org/menu/index.aspx?CatID=79&PriMenuID=30&SubcatID=623&mnu=Subcat Forum on Quality Assurance Schemes for Solar Water Heating in Latin America and the Caribbean] 29-30 June 2015 in San Jose, Costa Rica.
 *[https://energypedia.info/images/9/95/Solar_Thermal_Energy_Basis_Mr_Kofler_ITW.pdf Introduction to solar thermal technology].
 *[[:File:Solar Heat for Industrial Process in Tunisia. An Economic Assessment with Policy Recommendations.pdf|Solar Heat for Industrial Processes in Tunisia: An Economic Assessment with Policy Recommendations (2014) by Filip Schaffitzel]]
 *FSEC Public Information Office. ‘[http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/FSEC-FS-32-86.pdf Solar Water Heater Troubleshooting Checklist]’. Florida Solar Energy Center. Accessed 9 March 2017.
 *John Harrison & Tom Tiedeman. ‘Thermosyphon Systems - Passive Solar Water Heating Systems’, 1997. [http://www.flasolar.com/thermosyphon_systems.htm http://www.flasolar.com/thermosyphon_systems.htm]
 *Philibert, Cédric. ‘[https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/Solar_Thermal.pdf Barriers to Technology Diffusion: The Case of Solar Thermal Technologies]’. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and International Energy Agency, Paris, 2006.
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 <references /><br/>[[#toc|►Go to Top]]
 [[Category:Water_Heating]]