Storage and Simulation - Revision history

Ranisha at 07:48, 20 January 2015

2015-01-20T07:48:17Z

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Lia Strenge: /* A Holistic Implementation Strategy for Storage Systems in Renewable Mini-grids */

2015-01-19T22:22:39Z

A Holistic Implementation Strategy for Storage Systems in Renewable Mini-grids

Lia Strenge: /* Driving Rural Energy Storage: A Second Look at the Second-Life of EV Batteries */

2015-01-19T22:10:21Z

Driving Rural Energy Storage: A Second Look at the Second-Life of EV Batteries

Lia Strenge: /* Simulation and Study */

2015-01-19T21:55:37Z

Simulation and Study

Lia Strenge: /* Introduction */

2015-01-19T21:54:57Z

Introduction

Lia Strenge: /* Simulation and Study */

2015-01-19T21:53:35Z

Simulation and Study

Lia Strenge: /* Introduction */

2015-01-19T21:49:39Z

Introduction

Lia Strenge: /* Frequency Control Applying Plug-in Electric Vehicles Based on Costumer Behavior in Electric Power Networks and Micro-Grids */

2015-01-19T21:44:31Z

Frequency Control Applying Plug-in Electric Vehicles Based on Costumer Behavior in Electric Power Networks and Micro-Grids

Lia Strenge at 21:38, 19 January 2015

2015-01-19T21:38:52Z

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Lia Strenge at 21:19, 19 January 2015

2015-01-19T21:19:22Z

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-== [[:File:MES2013_bismarck.pdf|A Holistic Implementation Strategy for Storage Systems in Renewable Mini-grids]]<br/> ==
 ==== Company Profile – Autarsys GmbH<br/> ====
 Autarsys GmbH is a newly founded company based in Berlin with long experience through the work at YounicosAG. They work with NaS, Vanadium Redox Flow and Lithium Ion batteries with focus on lithium ion-based '''energy storage systems (ESS)''' for mini-grids in the range 100-1000kW. In addition, they offer project accompanying services.<br/>
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 <u>The Energy Storage system fulfills the following tasks in a grid:</u><br/>
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 #Provision of short-circuit power
 #Control of the frequency to keep the balance – droop control.<br/>
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@@ Line 128: / Line 137: @@
 The advantages of lithium-ion batteries is their high energy density up to 200 Wh/g, their long lifetime due to more cycles (3000-7000 Cycles @100% Depth of Discharge (DoD) or up to 15 years @80% DoD). They have a high efficiency (>97%) and low maintenance requirements. As they contain no or few heavy metals, they are environmentally friendly. The disadvantage of high investment cost is caused by the early stage of development which means high cost reduction potential. There are scenarios for the price to drop to 250€/kWh within the next 7 years.<br/>
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 <u>Features of the Energy Storage System:</u><br/>
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 Project Development<br/>
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 *Site-Assessment<br/>
 Planning<br/>
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 *Logistical planning<br/>
 Construction<br/>
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 *Training of local personal
 Operation
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 *System updates
 *System extension consulting
-Maintenance <span data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" id="cke_bm_133E"></span>
+Maintenance <span id="cke_bm_133E" style="display: none" data-cke-bookmark="1"></span>
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 *Maintenance
 *Supply part management<br/>
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@@ Line 229: / Line 229: @@
 == Driving Rural Energy Storage: A Second Look at the Second-Life of EV Batteries ==
 ==== Rural Electrification: Business As Usual<br/> ====
 Storage in current rural electrification applications are primarily Deep Cycle Lead-acid '''Electric Storage Devices (ESDs)''' due to their low initial capital cost (75 - 300 $/kWh). Disadvantages are the low energy density (30 - 40 Wh/kg), the short lifetime (3 - 5 years), the maintenance requirements and the environmental impact.<br/>
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 ==== EV Battery Life Cycle<br/> ====
 As the number of EVs in the world is constantly growing, a closer look should be given on the second-life possibilities of EV batteries. The life cycle of an EV battery starts with the manufacture and installation in the automobile. Afterwards it is employed in the vehicle. When the first life is over, it is removed from the vehicle and refurbished. Finally, the battery is employed in a second-life application. In the end it is recycled and disposed of.<br/>
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 ==== Second-Life Applications of EV Batterie<br/> ====
 The second-life applications od EV batteries can be off-grid such as backup or remote Installations; on-grid like renewable firming, service quality and reliability, load shifting; or mobile for transportation, recreational vehicles, commercial idling support.<br/>
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 ==== Implementation Issues<br/> ====
 One problem which can appear during the implementation is the charge regulation. Furthermore, the thermal management is important for the lifetime, the heat must be removed and the environment of the battery should be dry and cool. Repurposing costs is another issue which has to be considered. And the local technical know-how must be sufficient in order to make the system work in case of problems, exchange etc, which can be a problem, especially in remote areas.<br/>
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 ==== Further Research<br/> ====
 <u>The following issues are future topics of research:</u><br/>
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 *What are the environmental/health impacts of unrestricted disposal in rural areas?
 *What is the actual field lifetime of an average Li-ion ESD?<br/>
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 The following figure shows the distribution of the mentioned user categories in day and night chargers.
-[[File:Ameli chargers.png|center]]
+[[File:Ameli chargers.png|center|624px|alt=Ameli chargers.png]]
 <br/>A large number of batteries will be available that could inject their stored power to the network at peak load times. Also at low load times they could consume the generated power of the base load power plants and the unplanned generations of the renewable energy resources. The simulation in this paper is based on the data of the previous figure and is carried out for different operation scenarios to show how the vehicles could maintain the power network’s frequency stability.<br/>
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 The EVs as secondary frequency control devices are able to keep the frequency at 50Hz for a genreation increase of 70 MW and a load increase of 50 MW. They respond very quick and the oscillations are very small. The primary frequency control is only able to lower the impact of the genreation and load changes but there is a deviation even after 200 seconds which seems to tend to an offset.
-For the related figures see slides 12-17 of the corresponding presentation (will be attached soon).
+For the related figures see slides 12-17 of the [[:File:MES2013_ameli.pdf|corresponding presentation]].
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 == [[:File:MES2013_ameli.pdf|Frequency Control Applying Plug-in Electric Vehicles Based on Costumer Behavior in Electric Power Networks and Micro-Grids]] ==
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 The main idea is the use of '''Electric Vehicles (EVs)''' as power generating units and storage devices in Electric Power Networks and Microgrids taking into account the psychological aspects of the customers. The EVs can be charged when electricity is available and can give it back in case it is needed by the grid while the vehicle is connected. The use profile of the custumers must be taken into account in order to provide a system that will be used properly.<br/>
-The following information is taken from the corresponding presentaion slides for the MES 2013 (will be attached soon).<br/>
+The following information is taken from the [[:File:MES2013_ameli.pdf|corresponding presentaion slides for the MES 2013.]]<br/>
 A micro-grid mainly consists of distributed energy resources and energy storage systems. Electric vehicles (EVs) can be assumed as both appropriate power generation units and storage devices as it is shown in the following figure:
-[[File:Ameli Ev.png|center|EV in the Grid]]
+[[File:Ameli Ev.png|center|686px|EV in the Grid|alt=EV in the Grid]]
 There is the plan to have one million EVs used in Germany by 2020 which could provide us with a great electric power potential.<br/>
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 <br/>

@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 <br/>
@@ Line 43: / Line 44: @@
 The following figure shows the distribution of the mentioned user categories in day and night chargers.
-[... to be inserted...]
+[[File:Ameli chargers.png|center]]
 <br/>A large number of batteries will be available that could inject their stored power to the network at peak load times. Also at low load times they could consume the generated power of the base load power plants and the unplanned generations of the renewable energy resources. The simulation in this paper is based on the data of the previous figure and is carried out for different operation scenarios to show how the vehicles could maintain the power network’s frequency stability.<br/>

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 = Sessions<br/> =
-== Frequency Control Applying Plug-in Electric Vehicles Based on Costumer Behavior in Electric Power Networks and Micro-Grid''s'' ==
 ==== Introduction<br/> ====
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 It is also inevitable to consider the psychological behavior of the human beings in using an electric vehicle and connecting it to the power grid. The minimum and essential requirement of the vehicle owners for joining the ancillary service is to guarantee them the charge of their battery to a desired level which matches their EV use profile. In addition some incentives such as direct payment or lifetime warranty of the battery should be given for voluntary participation of the vehicle owners.
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 For the related figures see slides 12-17 of the corresponding presentation (will be attached soon).
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 Furthermore, the consumers can earn money by participating in the electric market using their vehicle’s batteries. In addition, these vehicles totally environment-friendly and are preventing the emission of greenhouse gases which is a very important constraint in any power network operation planning.<br/>Hence, the use of EVs is strongly recommended for system operation issues like secondary control, power reserves and storing the extra power of renewable energy resources.<br/>
 <br/>