Wind Energy Country Analysis Senegal - Revision history

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Wiki Gardener: Wiki Gardener moved page Wind energy country analyses Senegal to Wind Energy Country Analyses Senegal without leaving a redirect

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Nils Marscheider at 19:17, 29 July 2011

2011-07-29T19:17:27Z

@@ Line 81: / Line 81: @@
 *[[Senegal Energy Situation|Senegal Energy Situation]]
 *[[Senegal: Best Practice Case Studies|Senegal: Best Practice Case Studies]]
-*[[Wind_Energy_Map_(country-specific_wind_energy_facts)|Wind Energy Map (country-specific wind energy facts)]]<br/><br/>
+*[[Country-specific Wind Energy Facts|Wind Energy Map (country-specific wind energy facts)]]<br/><br/>
 [[Wind Energy Country Analysis Senegal#Overview - Wind Energy Potential|►Go to Top]]
 = References<br/> =

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 No specific target for the use of wind energy has been established yet<ref>Personal information by phone, Mr. Nicolas Martin Granel((Compagnie Général d’Entreprises Electriques (CEGELEC)) interview conducted by the authors of the GTZ country Survey 2009 (GTZ (2009) Energy-policy Framework ConditionsfckLRfor Electricity Markets and RenewablefckLREnergies 16 Country Analyses, Eschborn, Germany</ref>. Wind energy is not supported financially in Senegal yet (see above). As average wind speeds even in favourable locations such as the north coast of Senegal are of medium speed, financial support of wind energy is necessary for realisation of projects<ref>Personal information by phone, Dr. Rehfeldt, Deutsche Windguardt, 04.09.09 and Mr. Nicolas Martin Granel (CEGELEC Toulouse)((Compagnie Général d’Entreprises Electriques (CEGELEC)) interview conducted by the authors of the GTZ country Survey 2009 (GTZ (2009) Energy-policy Framework ConditionsfckLRfor Electricity Markets and RenewablefckLREnergies 16 Country Analyses, Eschborn, Germany</ref> The permission procedure for wind turbines is not standardised and therefore time-consuming. The necessary permits are similar to procedures in Europe so e.g. a building permit and an environmental permit are needed<ref>Personal information by phone, Mr. Nicolas Martin Granel((Compagnie Général d’Entreprises Electriques (CEGELEC)) interview conducted by the authors of the GTZ country Survey 2009 (GTZ (2009) Energy-policy Framework ConditionsfckLRfor Electricity Markets and RenewablefckLREnergies 16 Country Analyses, Eschborn, Germany</ref>. Additionally, it seems to be necessary to get the approval of the village council<ref>Jensen, D. Kühlen Fisch bewahren, in Neue Energie,fckLR07/2009, p. 105</ref>. The grid connection conditions for wind energy plants are unknown, as no wind energy plants exist yet. There is a need for training of governmental authorities and staff from SENELEC on state-of-the-art knowledge of wind energy utilisation (regulatory, technical and economic aspects)<ref>Personal information by phone, Mr. Nicolas Martin Granel((Compagnie Général d’Entreprises Electriques (CEGELEC)) interview conducted by the authors of the GTZ country Survey 2009 (GTZ (2009) Energy-policy Framework ConditionsfckLRfor Electricity Markets and RenewablefckLREnergies 16 Country Analyses, Eschborn, Germany</ref> The electricity market has officially been separated in the three sectors production, transmission, and distribution – but until 2009 SENELEC stills holds the monopoly for sale and distribution of electricity, which creates legal uncertainty and therefore an impediment for private investors and project developers<ref>Owsianowski R.P., Dahouénon M. A., Goeft A. (2007) Projekterschließung Senegal-Erneuerbare Energien und ländliche Elektrifizierung-Länderreport Marktanalyse, German technical cooperation (GTZ) and German Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi), retrieved 29.7.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/de-projekterschliessung-senegal-laenderreport.pdf]]</ref>. Even large private industrial companies<ref>Chemical company Industries Chimiques du Sénégal (ICS), sugar producerfckLRCompagnie Sucrière du Sénégal (CSS) and the agricultural producer (peanuts)fckLRSociété Nationale de Commercialisation des Oléagineux du Sénégal (SONACOS)</ref> that generate electricity for their own supply (partly from agricultural residues) have not reached an agreement (i.e. power purchase contract) with SENELEC on feeding electricity into the grid<ref>Owsianowski R.P., Dahouénon M. A., Goeft A. (2007) Projekterschließung Senegal-Erneuerbare Energien und ländliche Elektrifizierung-Länderreport Marktanalyse, German technical cooperation (GTZ) and German Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi), retrieved 29.7.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/de-projekterschliessung-senegal-laenderreport.pdf]]</ref>. No information is available on specific grid expansion plans for the north coast of Senegal, where commercial wind energy plants could be implemented.
-<br/>
+[[Wind Energy Country Analysis Senegal#Overview - Wind Energy Potential|►Go to Top]]
 = Current Use of Wind Energy and Project Pipeline<br/> =
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 *Financial support through: Région Midi-Pyrenées (France) and l’AFD (Agence Francaise de Devéloppement - French bilateral cooperation agency)
-<br/>
+[[Wind Energy Country Analysis Senegal#Overview - Wind Energy Potential|►Go to Top]]
 = Business Climate =
@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 An evaluation by UNDP in 2008 concluded that mostly legal barriers have impeded the implementation of the project. The project consortium planned to produce electricity for own consumption and pay SENELEC a fee for the transport of the electricity through the transmission grid. But self-production is not provided for in the national energy laws and regulations<ref>SENELEC still holds the monopoly for sale and distribution (at least until 2009).</ref>. In the context of the new regulatory framework for renewable energy production and sale, the consortium plans to sell their entire production to the grid and purchase electricity from the grid. This approach seems to be »more appropriate for SENELEC and will remove the barrier to the implementation of this project«<ref>UNDP 2008: National policies and their linkages to negotiations over a future international climate change agreement; July 2008 [[http://www.undp.org/climatechange/docs/English/UNDP_National_Policies_final.pdf]]</ref>. However, the project developer stated that they could not settle a final agreement with SENELEC yet<ref>Owsianowski R.P., Dahouénon M. A., Goeft A. (2007) Projekterschließung Senegal-Erneuerbare Energien und ländliche Elektrifizierung-Länderreport Marktanalyse, German technical cooperation (GTZ) and German Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi), retrieved 29.7.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/de-projekterschliessung-senegal-laenderreport.pdf]]</ref>.
-<br/>
+[[Wind Energy Country Analysis Senegal#Overview - Wind Energy Potential|►Go to Top]]
@@ Line 83: / Line 83: @@
 *[[Wind_Energy_Map_(country-specific_wind_energy_facts)|Wind Energy Map (country-specific wind energy facts)]]<br/><br/>
 = References<br/> =
@@ Line 88: / Line 89: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:Senegal]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Overview - Wind Energy Potential<br/> =
@@ Line 80: / Line 79: @@
 *[[Portal:Wind|Wind Portal on energypedia]]
-*[[Senegal Energy Situation|Senegal Energy Situation]]<br/>
+*[[Senegal Energy Situation|Senegal Energy Situation]]
 *[[Wind_Energy_Map_(country-specific_wind_energy_facts)|Wind Energy Map (country-specific wind energy facts)]]<br/><br/>
@@ Line 88: / Line 88: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:Wind]]

@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 <br/>
 = Further Information =
 *[[Portal:Wind|Wind Portal on energypedia]]
-*[[Senegal_Energy_Situation|Senegal Energy Situation]]<br/><br/>
+*[[Senegal Energy Situation|Senegal Energy Situation]]<br/>
 = References<br/> =

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 = Overview - Wind Energy Potential<br/> =
-[[File:Map of Senegal.jpg|frame|right|180px|Map of Senegal.jpg]]Senegal’s wind power potential is concentrated along the coast, particularly at the north coast between Dakar and Saint-Louis. In a study carried out by the Senegal Meteorological Service, wind velocities in the 50 km-long coastal strip between Dakar and Saint-Louis have been 3.7–6.1 m/s. The '''Centre d’Études et de Recherches sur les Énergies Renouvelables (CERER)''' measured an average annual speed of 5.8 m/s at the north coast and 4.2 m/s at the south coast<ref>Owsianowski R.P., Dahouénon M. A., Goeft A. (2007) Projekterschließung Senegal-Erneuerbare Energien und ländliche Elektrifizierung-Länderreport Marktanalyse, German technical cooperation (GTZ) and German Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi), retrieved 29.7.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/de-projekterschliessung-senegal-laenderreport.pdf]]</ref>. In inland areas average wind speeds are between 2 to 3 m/s and are therefore only interesting for a traditional or combined use of wind energy (wind turbines for water pumps and combined wind/hydro systems)<ref>GTZ (2004) Country Survey 2004. Energy-policy Framework Conditions for Electricity Markets and Renewable Energies – 23 Country Analyses, retrieved 29.7.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/de-windenergie-senegal-studie-2004.pdf]]</ref>.<br/>
+[[File:Map of Senegal.jpg|frame|right|180px|Map of Senegal.jpg]][[Senegal_Energy_Situation|Senegal’s wind power]] potential is concentrated along the coast, particularly at the north coast between Dakar and Saint-Louis. In a study carried out by the Senegal Meteorological Service, wind velocities in the 50 km-long coastal strip between Dakar and Saint-Louis have been 3.7–6.1 m/s. The '''Centre d’Études et de Recherches sur les Énergies Renouvelables (CERER)''' measured an average annual speed of 5.8 m/s at the north coast and 4.2 m/s at the south coast<ref>Owsianowski R.P., Dahouénon M. A., Goeft A. (2007) Projekterschließung Senegal-Erneuerbare Energien und ländliche Elektrifizierung-Länderreport Marktanalyse, German technical cooperation (GTZ) and German Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi), retrieved 29.7.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/de-projekterschliessung-senegal-laenderreport.pdf]]</ref>. In inland areas average wind speeds are between 2 to 3 m/s and are therefore only interesting for a traditional or combined use of wind energy (wind turbines for water pumps and combined wind/hydro systems)<ref>GTZ (2004) Country Survey 2004. Energy-policy Framework Conditions for Electricity Markets and Renewable Energies – 23 Country Analyses, retrieved 29.7.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/de-windenergie-senegal-studie-2004.pdf]]</ref>.<br/>
 The '''African Wind Energy Association (AfriWEA'''<ref>African Wind Energy Association [[http://www.afriwea.org/en/senegal.htm]]</ref>) only mentions the GTZ TERNA Wind Energy Program, a study by InWEnt (»Wind regimes of Africa«)<ref>InWEnt 2004: Wind regimes of Africa</ref> and local measurements by ALIZES (an organization for the use of water pumps operated with renewable energies, including wind)<ref>Projet Alizes - Valoriser le vent, une énergie propre et renouvelable [[http://www.alizes-eole.com/senegal/vent.htm]]</ref> as information sources on the Senegalese wind potential. ALIZE was a large program supported through the EU and the French Development Agency. In the context of ALIZE, CERER together with consultants collected data from several measure points until the middle of the 90ties.
@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 *Winter/Spring 2010: scale-up of village electrification
 There is one major project in the planning phase, located north of Potou in the region Saint Louis on the north coastal area of Senegal. The so called Gantour project is planned in two phases, starting with a total capacity of 15 MW which shall then be expanded to 50 MW<ref>Ndiaye, L. (C3E) NOTE DE SYNTHESE AVANCEMENTPROJET 11/09/2007, [[http://www.sie-energie.gouv.sn/spip.php?article39]]</ref>. The estimated cost of the first phase is about 16.5 Mio. Euro. The project was due to start operation in 2009 and should produce 29 000 MWh of electricity per year (phase one)<ref>Owsianowski R.P., Dahouénon M. A., Goeft A. (2007) Projekterschließung Senegal-Erneuerbare Energien und ländliche Elektrifizierung-Länderreport Marktanalyse, German technical cooperation (GTZ) and German Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi), retrieved 29.7.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/de-projekterschliessung-senegal-laenderreport.pdf]]</ref>. Additional financing is planned to be generated through the sale of Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) as part of a CDM project<ref>Jensen, D. Kühlen Fisch bewahren, in Neue Energie,07/2009, p. 105</ref>. According to the responsible project development company CEGELEC Toulouse, the construction did not start yet due to several delays<ref>Personal information by phone, Mr. Nicolas Martin Granel((Compagnie Général d’Entreprises Electriques (CEGELEC)) interview conducted by the authors of the GTZ country Survey 2009 (GTZ (2009) Energy-policy Framework ConditionsfckLRfor Electricity Markets and RenewablefckLREnergies 16 Country Analyses, Eschborn, Germany</ref>. The project is based on wind measurements which have been carried out between May 2004 and May 2005 in Gandon showing an annual average of 5.25 m/s in 40 m height<ref>Owsianowski R.P., Dahouénon M. A., Goeft A. (2007) Projekterschließung Senegal-Erneuerbare Energien und ländliche Elektrifizierung-Länderreport Marktanalyse, German technical cooperation (GTZ) and German Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi), retrieved 29.7.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/de-projekterschliessung-senegal-laenderreport.pdf]]</ref>. As part of the project activity training will be provided for the operation and the maintenance of the wind park.
 <u>The project is a cooperation between:</u><ref>Ndiaye, L. (C3E) NOTE DE SYNTHESE AVANCEMENTPROJET 11/09/2007, [[http://www.sie-energie.gouv.sn/spip.php?article39]]</ref>
@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 = Business Climate =
 Around 20 companies in Senegal are dealing with renewable energies, some including wind<ref>Jensen, D. Kühlen Fisch bewahren, in Neue Energie,07/2009, p. 105</ref>. In addition to that, several foreign companies try to enter the market. However, as there are no existing plants the companies are just starting the business and are recently only active in the planning stages of projects.
 <u>Companies from Senegal:</u>
@@ Line 78: / Line 78: @@
 = Further Information =
-*[https://energypedia.info/Portal:Wind Wind Portal on energypedia]
+*[[Portal:Wind|Wind Portal on energypedia]]
-*[https://energypedia.info/Wind Energy Map (country-specific wind energy facts) Wind Energy Map (country-specific wind energy facts)]<br/><br/>
+*[[Senegal_Energy_Situation|Senegal Energy Situation]]<br/><br/>
 = References<br/> =
@@ Line 85: / Line 85: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:Senegal]]

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 The African Wind Energy Association (AfriWEA<ref>African Wind Energy Association [[http://www.afriwea.org/en/senegal.htm]]</ref>) only mentions the GTZ TERNA Wind Energy Program, a study by InWEnt (»Wind regimes of Africa«)<ref>InWEnt 2004: Wind regimes of Africa</ref> and local measurements by ALIZES (an organization for the use of water pumps operated with renewable energies, including wind)<ref>Projet Alizes - Valoriser le vent, une énergie propre et renouvelable [[http://www.alizes-eole.com/senegal/vent.htm]]</ref> as information sources on the Senegalese wind potential. ALIZE was a large program supported through the EU and the French Development Agency. In the context of ALIZE, CERER together with consultants collected data from several measure points until the middle of the 90ties.
-InWent reports average wind speeds on the coast of Senegal between 4.5 and 5.5 m/s in the hub height of our reference turbine (45 m). However, these values are comparably low due to obstacles nearby (other buildings, trees etc.)<ref>InWEnt 2004: Wind regimes of Africa</ref>. From July 2007 to July 2008, wind measurements accompanied through capacity building activities have been carried out by Windguard in the context of the GTZ TERNA Wind Energy Programme at the two coastal locations Kayar and Potou. Potou shows, with an average annual wind speed of 6.4 m/s in 70 m height, far better results than Kayar with 5.8 m/s. These measurements are the first ones which have delivered reliable data, as the other studies did not publish the underlying framework conditions<ref>Owsianowski R.P., Dahouénon M. A., Goeft A. (2007) Projekterschließung Senegal-Erneuerbare Energien und ländliche Elektrifizierung-fckLRLänderreport &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Marktanalyse, German technical cooperation (GTZ) and German Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi), retrieved 29.7.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/de-projekterschliessung-senegal-laenderreport.pdf]]</ref>. Based on the results, GTZ and the Senegalese Partner plan to carry out a feasibility study for a wind farm at the location Potou<ref>GTZ (2009) Senegal country project - short description, retrieved 29.7.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/en/themen/umwelt-infrastruktur/fckLRenergie/13951.htm]]</ref>. Once completed, the study will be made available for interested project developers and investors. High-level wind data can be found on the webpage of&nbsp;»3tier«&nbsp;([[http://firstlook.3tier.com/]]). They offer an initial wind assessment for different hub heights (20 / 50 / 80 m) and locations.
+InWent reports average wind speeds on the coast of Senegal between 4.5 and 5.5 m/s in the hub height of our reference turbine (45 m). However, these values are comparably low due to obstacles nearby (other buildings, trees etc.)<ref>InWEnt 2004: Wind regimes of Africa</ref>. From July 2007 to July 2008, wind measurements accompanied through capacity building activities have been carried out by Windguard in the context of the GTZ TERNA Wind Energy Programme at the two coastal locations Kayar and Potou. Potou shows, with an average annual wind speed of 6.4 m/s in 70 m height, far better results than Kayar with 5.8 m/s. These measurements are the first ones which have delivered reliable data, as the other studies did not publish the underlying framework conditions<ref>Owsianowski R.P., Dahouénon M. A., Goeft A. (2007) Projekterschließung Senegal-Erneuerbare Energien und ländliche Elektrifizierung-fckLRLänderreport &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Marktanalyse, German technical cooperation (GTZ) and German Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi), retrieved 29.7.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/de-projekterschliessung-senegal-laenderreport.pdf]]</ref>. Based on the results, GTZ and the Senegalese Partner plan to carry out a feasibility study for a wind farm at the location Potou<ref>GTZ (2009) Senegal country project - short description, retrieved 29.7.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/en/themen/umwelt-infrastruktur/fckLRenergie/13951.htm]]</ref>. Once completed, the study will be made available for interested project developers and investors. High-level wind data can be found on the webpage of&nbsp;»3tier«&nbsp;([[http://firstlook.3tier.com/]]). They offer an initial wind assessment for different hub heights (20 / 50 / 80 m) and locations.
 == Framework Conditions for Wind Energy<br>  ==
@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 *lack of knowledge in the ministries and SENELEC
-An evaluation by UNDP in 2008 concluded that mostly legal barriers have impeded the implementation of the project. The project consortium planned to produce electricity for own consumption and pay SENELEC a fee for the transport of the electricity through the transmission grid. But self-production is not provided for in the national energy laws and regulations<ref>SENELEC still holds the monopoly for sale and distribution (at least until 2009).</ref>. In the context of the new regulatory framework for renewable energy production and sale, the consortium plans to sell their entire production to the grid and purchase electricity from the grid. This approach seems to be&nbsp;»more appropriate for SENELEC and will remove the barrier to the implementation of this project«<ref>UNDP 2008: National policies and their linkages to negotiations over a future international climate change agreement; July 2008 [[http://www.undp.org/climatechange/docs/English/UNDP_National_Policies_final.pdf]]</ref>. However, the project developer stated that they could not settle a final agreement with SENELEC yet.100
+An evaluation by UNDP in 2008 concluded that mostly legal barriers have impeded the implementation of the project. The project consortium planned to produce electricity for own consumption and pay SENELEC a fee for the transport of the electricity through the transmission grid. But self-production is not provided for in the national energy laws and regulations<ref>SENELEC still holds the monopoly for sale and distribution (at least until 2009).</ref>. In the context of the new regulatory framework for renewable energy production and sale, the consortium plans to sell their entire production to the grid and purchase electricity from the grid. This approach seems to be&nbsp;»more appropriate for SENELEC and will remove the barrier to the implementation of this project«<ref>UNDP 2008: National policies and their linkages to negotiations over a future international climate change agreement; July 2008 [[http://www.undp.org/climatechange/docs/English/UNDP_National_Policies_final.pdf]]</ref>. However, the project developer stated that they could not settle a final agreement with SENELEC yet<ref>Owsianowski R.P., Dahouénon M. A., Goeft A. (2007) Projekterschließung Senegal-Erneuerbare Energien und ländliche Elektrifizierung-Länderreport Marktanalyse, German technical cooperation (GTZ) and German Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi), retrieved 29.7.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/de-projekterschliessung-senegal-laenderreport.pdf]]</ref>.
 == References<br>  ==