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End-of-Life Management of Batteries in the Off-Grid Solar Sector - Revision history
2024-03-28T22:48:35Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=End-of-Life_Management_of_Batteries_in_the_Off-Grid_Solar_Sector&diff=394294&oldid=prev
Ranisha: /* Further Information */
2022-09-09T12:29:01Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Further Information</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:29, 9 September 2022</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Publication - End-of-Life Management of Batteries in the Off-Grid Solar Sector|Publication - End-of-Life Management of Batteries in the Off-Grid Solar Sector]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Publication - End-of-Life Management of Batteries in the Off-Grid Solar Sector|Publication - End-of-Life Management of Batteries in the Off-Grid Solar Sector]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*[https://www.gogla.org/sites/default/files/white_paper_lithium-based_batteries_-_20012021.pdf Lithium-based batteries & The Off-Grid solar sector]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Batteries|Batteries]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Batteries|Batteries]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Energy Planning for Rural Areas|Energy Planning for Rural Areas]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Energy Planning for Rural Areas|Energy Planning for Rural Areas]]</div></td></tr>
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Ranisha
https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=End-of-Life_Management_of_Batteries_in_the_Off-Grid_Solar_Sector&diff=294755&oldid=prev
Johanna at 13:00, 29 May 2019
2019-05-29T13:00:57Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:00, 29 May 2019</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l99" >Line 99:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 99:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The project supports the establishment of mini-grids in rural areas. Mini-grid equipment ownership is transferred to community organizations. Equipment maintenance is done by trained local engineers. Battery choice: From a project perspective, this situation favours the use of Li-ion batteries as there seems to be little chance to identify a sound solution for waste lead- acid batteries. In this context, the pollution risks from Li-ion batteries appear to be lower. At the same time, Li-ion batteries are not used at household level and equipment management is done by trained staff, which should widely mitigate safety risks. The project should consider partnering with a local responsible recycling company to develop a plan for battery and e-waste collection. In case lead-acid batteries are used in such a setting (e.g. for availability reasons), the project should consider awareness raising campaigns and training efforts for environmental authorities. The goal of such measures should be an increased regulatory pressure on the existing lead recycling industry to improve operations (also see section 5.3 and 5.4 of the [https://www.giz.de/en/downloads/giz2018-en-waste-solar-guide.pdf publication]).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The project supports the establishment of mini-grids in rural areas. Mini-grid equipment ownership is transferred to community organizations. Equipment maintenance is done by trained local engineers. Battery choice: From a project perspective, this situation favours the use of Li-ion batteries as there seems to be little chance to identify a sound solution for waste lead- acid batteries. In this context, the pollution risks from Li-ion batteries appear to be lower. At the same time, Li-ion batteries are not used at household level and equipment management is done by trained staff, which should widely mitigate safety risks. The project should consider partnering with a local responsible recycling company to develop a plan for battery and e-waste collection. In case lead-acid batteries are used in such a setting (e.g. for availability reasons), the project should consider awareness raising campaigns and training efforts for environmental authorities. The goal of such measures should be an increased regulatory pressure on the existing lead recycling industry to improve operations (also see section 5.3 and 5.4 of the [https://www.giz.de/en/downloads/giz2018-en-waste-solar-guide.pdf publication]).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div><br/><div class="box"><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></div></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></div></ins></div><br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br/></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div class="box"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== <span style="color:#006400">Example 2 (recycling option for lead-acid batteries exists)</span><br/> ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== <span style="color:#006400">Example 2 (recycling option for lead-acid batteries exists)</span><br/> ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div class="box_content"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div class="box_content"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l115" >Line 115:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 114:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In this situation, deep-cycle lead-acid batteries seem to be preferable over Li-ion batteries. This is because the project and its partners have very limited control over end-of-life batteries and cannot guarantee sound collection. In turn, there is already a market driven collection for waste lead-acid batteries in combination with a sound recycling facility. In addition, the use on a household level (solar home systems) requires ambitious safety standards. Although such standards can also be fulfilled with Li-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries are an established technology with very limited safety risks in the use phase. In case Li-ion batteries are used in such a setting (e.g. durability reasons), the batteries and the charge controller should be encased in a common housing as an effective barrier to user manipulations (see section 3.2.2 of the [https://www.giz.de/en/downloads/giz2018-en-waste-solar-guide.pdf publication]). Furthermore, it should be considered to introduce a collection system for batteries (and probably also other e-waste types), even if this is associated with additional costs. The goal of this measure should be to channel at least an equivalent amount of batteries and e-waste to sound recycling. The availability of a locally available and audited recycling process for the lead-acid batteries is an important factor for the battery choice in this case – feasibility scoping should assure that the audited facility is legitimate and operates in an environmentally sound manner. Where this is not the case, but where a local recycler is already quite close to international standards, the project may consider steps to assist this recycler in undertaking an audit and implementing necessary improvement steps to reach sound recycling processes<ref name="Here it needs to be stressed that many sub-standard processes are in a condition where upgrading requires a fundamental change of the applied business model and will require multi-million investments in new equipment and remediation of the contaminated site. In such cases, this co-operative approach will most likely not yield satisfactory results and will require efforts from regulatory authorities (enforcing binding minimum standards).">Here it needs to be stressed that many sub-standard processes are in a condition where upgrading requires a fundamental change of the applied business model and will require multi-million investments in new equipment and remediation of the contaminated site. In such cases, this co-operative approach will most likely not yield satisfactory results and will require efforts from regulatory authorities (enforcing binding minimum standards).</ref>.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In this situation, deep-cycle lead-acid batteries seem to be preferable over Li-ion batteries. This is because the project and its partners have very limited control over end-of-life batteries and cannot guarantee sound collection. In turn, there is already a market driven collection for waste lead-acid batteries in combination with a sound recycling facility. In addition, the use on a household level (solar home systems) requires ambitious safety standards. Although such standards can also be fulfilled with Li-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries are an established technology with very limited safety risks in the use phase. In case Li-ion batteries are used in such a setting (e.g. durability reasons), the batteries and the charge controller should be encased in a common housing as an effective barrier to user manipulations (see section 3.2.2 of the [https://www.giz.de/en/downloads/giz2018-en-waste-solar-guide.pdf publication]). Furthermore, it should be considered to introduce a collection system for batteries (and probably also other e-waste types), even if this is associated with additional costs. The goal of this measure should be to channel at least an equivalent amount of batteries and e-waste to sound recycling. The availability of a locally available and audited recycling process for the lead-acid batteries is an important factor for the battery choice in this case – feasibility scoping should assure that the audited facility is legitimate and operates in an environmentally sound manner. Where this is not the case, but where a local recycler is already quite close to international standards, the project may consider steps to assist this recycler in undertaking an audit and implementing necessary improvement steps to reach sound recycling processes<ref name="Here it needs to be stressed that many sub-standard processes are in a condition where upgrading requires a fundamental change of the applied business model and will require multi-million investments in new equipment and remediation of the contaminated site. In such cases, this co-operative approach will most likely not yield satisfactory results and will require efforts from regulatory authorities (enforcing binding minimum standards).">Here it needs to be stressed that many sub-standard processes are in a condition where upgrading requires a fundamental change of the applied business model and will require multi-million investments in new equipment and remediation of the contaminated site. In such cases, this co-operative approach will most likely not yield satisfactory results and will require efforts from regulatory authorities (enforcing binding minimum standards).</ref>.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">>&lt;/div&gt;<div class="box"</del>></div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><div class="box"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== <span style="color:#0000CD">Recommendation Summary</span> ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== <span style="color:#0000CD">Recommendation Summary</span> ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div class="box_content"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div class="box_content"></div></td></tr>
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Johanna
https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=End-of-Life_Management_of_Batteries_in_the_Off-Grid_Solar_Sector&diff=287972&oldid=prev
Ranisha at 08:45, 26 February 2019
2019-02-26T08:45:43Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 08:45, 26 February 2019</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Line 1:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Publication - End-of-Life Management of Batteries in the Off-Grid Solar Sector|Publication - End-of-Life Management of Batteries in the Off-Grid Solar Sector]]<br/>'''How to deal with hazardous battery waste from solar power projects in developing countries?'''<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Publication - End-of-Life Management of Batteries in the Off-Grid Solar Sector|Publication - End-of-Life Management of Batteries in the Off-Grid Solar Sector]]<br/>'''How to deal with hazardous battery waste from solar power projects in developing countries?'''<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Batteiger, A. & Rotter, S. (2018). Material Implications of Rural Electrification–A Methodological Framework to Assess In-Use Stocks of Off-Grid Solar Products and EEE in Rural Households in Bangladesh. Recycling 2018, 3(1), 7; [https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling3010007 https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling3010007]<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Batteiger, A. & Rotter, S. (2018). Material Implications of Rural Electrification–A Methodological Framework to Assess In-Use Stocks of Off-Grid Solar Products and EEE in Rural Households in Bangladesh. Recycling 2018, 3(1), 7; [https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling3010007 https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling3010007]<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Batteries International. Making the economics of lithium disposal stack up – sensibly? Batteries International, pp. 52 – 58. Battery University (2018). BU-304a: Safety Concerns with Li-ion. Available at [http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/safety_concerns_with_li_ion http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/safety_concerns_with_li_ion], last accessed on 15 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Batteries International. Making the economics of lithium disposal stack up – sensibly? Batteries International, pp. 52 – 58. Battery University (2018). BU-304a: Safety Concerns with Li-ion. Available at [http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/safety_concerns_with_li_ion http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/safety_concerns_with_li_ion], last accessed on 15 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Chemistry Libre Texts 2018: [https://<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">chem</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">libretexts.org</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Textbook_Maps/General_Chemistry/Book:_Chemistry_(OpenSTAX)/17:_Electrochemistry/17.5:_Batteries_and_Fuel_Cells </del>https://<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">chem.libretexts</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">org</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Textbook_Maps/General_Chemistry/Book:_Chemistry_(OpenSTAX)/17:_Electrochemistry/17.5:_Batteries_and_Fuel_Cells</del>], last accessed 15.10.2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Chemistry Libre Texts 2018: [https://<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">bit</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ly</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2XqVkGb </ins>https://<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">bit</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ly</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2XqVkGb</ins>], last accessed 15.10.2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Curry, C. (2017). Lithium-ion Battery Costs and Market. Available at [https://data.bloomberglp.com/bnef/sites/14/2017/07/BNEF-Lithium-ion-battery-costs-and-market.pdf https://data.bloomberglp.com/bnef/sites/14/2017/07/BNEF-Lithium-ion-battery-costs-and-market.pdf], last accessed on 10 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Curry, C. (2017). Lithium-ion Battery Costs and Market. Available at [https://data.bloomberglp.com/bnef/sites/14/2017/07/BNEF-Lithium-ion-battery-costs-and-market.pdf https://data.bloomberglp.com/bnef/sites/14/2017/07/BNEF-Lithium-ion-battery-costs-and-market.pdf], last accessed on 10 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*D’Adamo, I.; Miliacca, M. & Rosa, P. (2017). Economic Feasibility for Recycling of Waste Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules. International Journal of Photoenergy, 2017(6), pp. 1– 6. doi:10.1155/2017/4184676.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*D’Adamo, I.; Miliacca, M. & Rosa, P. (2017). Economic Feasibility for Recycling of Waste Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules. International Journal of Photoenergy, 2017(6), pp. 1– 6. doi:10.1155/2017/4184676.<br/></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Weyhe, R. (2013). Recycling von Lithium-Ion-Batterien. In K. J. Thomé-Kozmiensky & D. Goldmann (Eds.), Recycling und Rohstoffe Band 6 (pp. 505–525). Neuruppin: TK Verlag.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Weyhe, R. (2013). Recycling von Lithium-Ion-Batterien. In K. J. Thomé-Kozmiensky & D. Goldmann (Eds.), Recycling und Rohstoffe Band 6 (pp. 505–525). Neuruppin: TK Verlag.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Off-grid]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Solar]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Batteries]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:End-of-Life_Treatment_EE-Lighting]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:End-of-Life_Treatment_EE-Lighting]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Batteries]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Solar]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Mini-grid]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Off-grid]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
</table>
Ranisha
https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=End-of-Life_Management_of_Batteries_in_the_Off-Grid_Solar_Sector&diff=278606&oldid=prev
Lisafeldmann at 10:46, 12 December 2018
2018-12-12T10:46:58Z
<p></p>
<a href="https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=End-of-Life_Management_of_Batteries_in_the_Off-Grid_Solar_Sector&diff=278606&oldid=278600">Show changes</a>
Lisafeldmann
https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=End-of-Life_Management_of_Batteries_in_the_Off-Grid_Solar_Sector&diff=278600&oldid=prev
Lisafeldmann: /* 5.1 Choosing battery types */
2018-12-12T10:41:47Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">5.1 Choosing battery types</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:41, 12 December 2018</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Where public authorities or development cooperation institutions support the purchase of solar power equipment, they also have a responsibility to make sure that negative impacts from this equipment are avoided from a sustainability perspective. The following sections aim at supporting strategy development and decision making in this field and present various ways how this responsibility can be translated into practice. In most cases, the options presented below should be bundled and implemented in a coherent package.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Where public authorities or development cooperation institutions support the purchase of solar power equipment, they also have a responsibility to make sure that negative impacts from this equipment are avoided from a sustainability perspective. The following sections aim at supporting strategy development and decision making in this field and present various ways how this responsibility can be translated into practice. In most cases, the options presented below should be bundled and implemented in a coherent package.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== 5.1 Choosing battery types ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== 5.1 Choosing battery types ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Practitioners working in energy-access projects are often involved directly or indirectly in procuring components and delivering these to their sites of use. The choice of battery types is an important project decision and end-of-life management should already be considered in such initial project phases. Chapter 3 indicates that – despite their various differences – neither Li-ion batteries, nor lead-acid batteries are clearly superior in terms of end-of-life management as both battery types have characteristics that might lead to negative environmental impacts and/ or health and safety risks during use-phase, recycling and disposal. A comparative overview on these characteristics is given in Table 5/1.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Practitioners working in energy-access projects are often involved directly or indirectly in procuring components and delivering these to their sites of use. The choice of battery types is an important project decision and end-of-life management should already be considered in such initial project phases. Chapter 3 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(see publication) </ins>indicates that – despite their various differences – neither Li-ion batteries, nor lead-acid batteries are clearly superior in terms of end-of-life management as both battery types have characteristics that might lead to negative environmental impacts and/ or health and safety risks during use-phase, recycling and disposal. A comparative overview on these characteristics is given in Table 5/1.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><p style="text-align: center"><br/>'''Table 5/1: Comparison of battery characteristics relevant for end-of-life management strategies'''</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><p style="text-align: center"><br/>'''Table 5/1: Comparison of battery characteristics relevant for end-of-life management strategies'''</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| style="width:100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="0"</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| style="width:100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="0"</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l122" >Line 122:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*<span style="color:#0000CD">› From end-of-life perspective, a general recommendation for or against a certain battery type cannot be given. Related decisions therefore need careful prior evaluation of local recycling and disposal options.</span></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*<span style="color:#0000CD">› From end-of-life perspective, a general recommendation for or against a certain battery type cannot be given. Related decisions therefore need careful prior evaluation of local recycling and disposal options.</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== 5.2 Product & System Design ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== 5.2 Product & System Design ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>
Lisafeldmann
https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=End-of-Life_Management_of_Batteries_in_the_Off-Grid_Solar_Sector&diff=278599&oldid=prev
Lisafeldmann: /* 5.4 Policy */
2018-12-12T10:40:07Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">5.4 Policy</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== 5.4 Policy ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== 5.4 Policy ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l204" >Line 204:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 205:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*› EPR models where producers and importers have to pay into a central fund destined to finance sound collection and recycling, thus only retaining financial responsibility without having any control over operations.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*› EPR models where producers and importers have to pay into a central fund destined to finance sound collection and recycling, thus only retaining financial responsibility without having any control over operations.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>While both of the above listed models have strengths and weaknesses, the development of all mandatory EPR models require a sound policy framework, including laws and regulations that specify how economic operators that place equipment onto the market are held responsible for waste managing issues. Typically, such policy development is a lengthy process that will not yield tangible results in the short-term. Nevertheless, energy access projects and solar power companies can stimulate and enrich related developments by frontrunner initiatives such as those described in section 5.3. Regarding the management of waste lead-acid batteries, energy access projects and solar power companies can also do policy support on a lower intervention level, and possibly also in combination with own attempts to identify suitable recycling partners. This can be done by conducting a combination of awareness raising and training activities on this important subject. One entry point can be the recent UNEA resolution that clearly encourages UN member states to take action in this filed (United Nations Environment Assembly 2017).<ref>United Nations Environment Assembly (2017). Resolution on Eliminating Exposure to Lead Paint and Promoting Environmentally Sound Management of Waste Lead-Acid Batteries: UNEP/EA.3/L.24. Nairobi. Available at https://papersmart.unon.org/resolution/uploads/k1800228.english.pdf , last accessed on 14 Jun 2018. </ref> Such an initiative might be composed of the following elements:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>While both of the above listed models have strengths and weaknesses, the development of all mandatory EPR models require a sound policy framework, including laws and regulations that specify how economic operators that place equipment onto the market are held responsible for waste managing issues. Typically, such policy development is a lengthy process that will not yield tangible results in the short-term. Nevertheless, energy access projects and solar power companies can stimulate and enrich related developments by frontrunner initiatives such as those described in section 5.3 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of the publication</ins>. Regarding the management of waste lead-acid batteries, energy access projects and solar power companies can also do policy support on a lower intervention level, and possibly also in combination with own attempts to identify suitable recycling partners. This can be done by conducting a combination of awareness raising and training activities on this important subject. One entry point can be the recent UNEA resolution that clearly encourages UN member states to take action in this filed (United Nations Environment Assembly 2017).<ref>United Nations Environment Assembly (2017). Resolution on Eliminating Exposure to Lead Paint and Promoting Environmentally Sound Management of Waste Lead-Acid Batteries: UNEP/EA.3/L.24. Nairobi. Available at https://papersmart.unon.org/resolution/uploads/k1800228.english.pdf , last accessed on 14 Jun 2018. </ref> Such an initiative might be composed of the following elements:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*› Initial awareness raising for decision-makers in policy, regulatory authorities, recycling industry and battery-using industry (solar industry, mobile network operators, automotive industry);</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*› Initial awareness raising for decision-makers in policy, regulatory authorities, recycling industry and battery-using industry (solar industry, mobile network operators, automotive industry);</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*› Definition of improvement plans (in close cooperation with regulatory authorities).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*› Definition of improvement plans (in close cooperation with regulatory authorities).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>These activities were successfully conducted by the Sustainable Recycling Industries Programme (SRI) in Ghana <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(see image below) </del>and led to mandatory plant specific improvement plans that are tied to the factories’ operating licenses: In case a plant does not implement the plan as outlined, it will be sanctioned by the regulatory bodies, which can encompass fines and temporary or permanent shut-down of operations. This type of intervention does in most countries not require new laws or regulations as it can be based on general environmental regulations providing principles and emission limits for industry activities. In addition, this type of intervention is of high importance to achieve systematic improvements on a national level as sub-standard lead-acid battery recycling has economic advantages over high-standard recycling processes (see section 3.1.3). Thus, stringent enforcement of standards is a key element to improve lead-acid battery recycling anywhere in the world.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>These activities were successfully conducted by the Sustainable Recycling Industries Programme (SRI) in Ghana and led to mandatory plant specific improvement plans that are tied to the factories’ operating licenses: In case a plant does not implement the plan as outlined, it will be sanctioned by the regulatory bodies, which can encompass fines and temporary or permanent shut-down of operations. This type of intervention does in most countries not require new laws or regulations as it can be based on general environmental regulations providing principles and emission limits for industry activities. In addition, this type of intervention is of high importance to achieve systematic improvements on a national level as sub-standard lead-acid battery recycling has economic advantages over high-standard recycling processes (see section 3.1.3 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of the publication</ins>). Thus, stringent enforcement of standards is a key element to improve lead-acid battery recycling anywhere in the world.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= References =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= References =</div></td></tr>
</table>
Lisafeldmann
https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=End-of-Life_Management_of_Batteries_in_the_Off-Grid_Solar_Sector&diff=278596&oldid=prev
Lisafeldmann at 10:38, 12 December 2018
2018-12-12T10:38:24Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:38, 12 December 2018</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Publication - End-of-Life Management of Batteries in the Off-Grid Solar Sector|Publication - End-of-Life Management of Batteries in the Off-Grid Solar Sector]]<br/>'''How to deal with hazardous battery waste from solar power projects in developing countries?'''<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Publication - End-of-Life Management of Batteries in the Off-Grid Solar Sector|Publication - End-of-Life Management of Batteries in the Off-Grid Solar Sector]]<br/>'''How to deal with hazardous battery waste from solar power projects in developing countries?'''<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><br/></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Introduction =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Introduction =</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><br/></ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br/></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= 5 Options for Energy Access Projects =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= 5 Options for Energy Access Projects =</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><br/></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= References =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= References =</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br/></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Further Information =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Further Information =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l253" >Line 253:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 256:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Kernbauer, S. & Hübner, T. (2013). Recycling von Photovoltaikmodulen. In K. J. Thomé-Kozmiensky & D. Goldmann (Eds.), Recycling und Rohstoffe Band 6 (pp. 545–557). Neuruppin: TK Verlag.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Kernbauer, S. & Hübner, T. (2013). Recycling von Photovoltaikmodulen. In K. J. Thomé-Kozmiensky & D. Goldmann (Eds.), Recycling und Rohstoffe Band 6 (pp. 545–557). Neuruppin: TK Verlag.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Kurzweil, P. & Dietlmeier, O. (2016). Elektrochemische Speicher: Superkondensatoren, Batterien, Elektrolyse-Wasserstoff, Rechtliche Grundlagen: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Available at [https://books.google.de/books?id=gftSCwAAQBAJ https://books.google.de/books?id=gftSCwAAQBAJ].<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Kurzweil, P. & Dietlmeier, O. (2016). Elektrochemische Speicher: Superkondensatoren, Batterien, Elektrolyse-Wasserstoff, Rechtliche Grundlagen: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Available at [https://books.google.de/books?id=gftSCwAAQBAJ https://books.google.de/books?id=gftSCwAAQBAJ].<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Magalini, F.; Sinha Khetriwal, D. & Munyambu, S. (2017). Cost-Benefit Analysis and Capacity Assessment for the Management of Electronic Waste (E-Waste) in the Off-Grid Renewable Energy Sector in Kenya. Available at [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5aec1a5ee5274a702130def2/Cost-Benefit_Analysis_and_Capacity_Assessment_for_the_Management_of_Electronic_Waste__E-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">_Waste__in_the_Off</del>-Grid_Renewable_Energy_Sector_in_Kenya.pdf https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5aec1a5ee5274a702130def2/Cost-Benefit_Analysis_and_Capacity_Assessment_for_the_Management_of_Electronic_Waste__E- Waste__in_the_Off-Grid_Renewable_Energy_Sector_in_Kenya.pdf], last accessed on 19 Jul 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Magalini, F.; Sinha Khetriwal, D. & Munyambu, S. (2017). Cost-Benefit Analysis and Capacity Assessment for the Management of Electronic Waste (E-Waste) in the Off-Grid Renewable Energy Sector in Kenya. Available at [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5aec1a5ee5274a702130def2/Cost-Benefit_Analysis_and_Capacity_Assessment_for_the_Management_of_Electronic_Waste__E-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Waste__in_the_Off</ins>-Grid_Renewable_Energy_Sector_in_Kenya.pdf https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5aec1a5ee5274a702130def2/Cost-Benefit_Analysis_and_Capacity_Assessment_for_the_Management_of_Electronic_Waste__E-Waste__in_the_Off-Grid_Renewable_Energy_Sector_in_Kenya.pdf], last accessed on 19 Jul 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Mähliß, J. (2012). Gefährdungspotenzial von Li-Ionen-Zellen. Available at [http://www.elektroniknet.de/elektronik/power/gefaehrdungspotenzial-von-li-ionen-zellen-92479.html http://www.elektroniknet.de/elektronik/power/gefaehrdungspotenzial-von-li-ionen-zellen-92479.html] , last accessed on 15 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Mähliß, J. (2012). Gefährdungspotenzial von Li-Ionen-Zellen. Available at [http://www.elektroniknet.de/elektronik/power/gefaehrdungspotenzial-von-li-ionen-zellen-92479.html http://www.elektroniknet.de/elektronik/power/gefaehrdungspotenzial-von-li-ionen-zellen-92479.html] , last accessed on 15 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Manhart, A.; Amera, T.; Kuepouo, G.; Mathai, D.; Mng‘anya, S. & Schleicher, T. (2016). The deadly business – Findings from the Lead Recycling Africa Project. Freiburg. Available at [https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2549/2016-076-de.pdf https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2549/2016-076-de.pdf], last accessed on 13 Jun 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Manhart, A.; Amera, T.; Kuepouo, G.; Mathai, D.; Mng‘anya, S. & Schleicher, T. (2016). The deadly business – Findings from the Lead Recycling Africa Project. Freiburg. Available at [https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2549/2016-076-de.pdf https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2549/2016-076-de.pdf], last accessed on 13 Jun 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Weyhe, R. (2013). Recycling von Lithium-Ion-Batterien. In K. J. Thomé-Kozmiensky & D. Goldmann (Eds.), Recycling und Rohstoffe Band 6 (pp. 505–525). Neuruppin: TK Verlag.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Weyhe, R. (2013). Recycling von Lithium-Ion-Batterien. In K. J. Thomé-Kozmiensky & D. Goldmann (Eds.), Recycling und Rohstoffe Band 6 (pp. 505–525). Neuruppin: TK Verlag.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Off-grid]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Mini-grid]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Solar]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Batteries]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:End-of-Life_Treatment_EE-Lighting]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:End-of-Life_Treatment_EE-Lighting]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Batteries]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Solar]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Mini-grid]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Off-grid]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
</table>
Lisafeldmann
https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=End-of-Life_Management_of_Batteries_in_the_Off-Grid_Solar_Sector&diff=278594&oldid=prev
Lisafeldmann: /* Further Information */
2018-12-12T10:34:59Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Further Information</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:34, 12 December 2018</td>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l242" >Line 242:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*McCoach, H.; White, C. & Laundon, C. (2014). Techniques for Recovering Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). Banbury. Available at [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http</del>://<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">www</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">wrap</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">org</del>.uk/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">sites</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">files</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">wrap/Techniques for recovering printed circuit </del>http://www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/Techniques for recovering printed circuit<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </del>boards<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">%2C%20final</del>.pdf , last accessed on 21 Jun 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*McCoach, H.; White, C. & Laundon, C. (2014). Techniques for Recovering Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). Banbury. Available at <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">for recovering printed circuit </ins>[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>://<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">assets.publishing</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">service</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">gov</ins>.uk/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">media</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5aec1a5ee5274a702130def2</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Cost-Benefit_Analysis_and_Capacity_Assessment_for_the_Management_of_Electronic_Waste__E-_Waste__in_the_Off-Grid_Renewable_Energy_Sector_in_Kenya.pdf </ins>http://www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/Techniques for recovering printed circuit boards<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, final</ins>.pdf<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>, last accessed on 21 Jun 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Reuters (2018). Europe‘s first solar panel recycling plant opens in France. Available at [http://news.trust.org/item/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">20180 </del>http://news.trust.org/item/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">20180] 625164728</del>-9luom/ , last accessed on 29 Jun 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Reuters (2018). Europe‘s first solar panel recycling plant opens in France. Available at [http://news.trust.org/item/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">20180625164728-9luom/ </ins>http://news.trust.org/item/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">20180625164728</ins>-9luom/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>, last accessed on 29 Jun 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Sander, K.; Schilling, S.; Wambach, K.; Schlenker, S. Müller, A.; Springer, J.; Fouquet, D.; Jelitte, A.; Stryi-Hipp, G. & Chrometzka, T. (2007). Studie zur Entwicklung eins Rücknahme- und <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Verwertungssys - tem </del>für photovoltaische Produkte. Hamburg. Available at [http://epub.sub.uni-hamburg.de/epub/volltexte/2012/12655/pdf/Gesamtbericht_PVCycle_de.pdf http://epub.sub.uni-hamburg.de/epub/volltexte/2012/12655/pdf/Gesamtbericht_PVCycle_de.pdf] , last accessed on 25 Jun 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Sander, K.; Schilling, S.; Wambach, K.; Schlenker, S. Müller, A.; Springer, J.; Fouquet, D.; Jelitte, A.; Stryi-Hipp, G. & Chrometzka, T. (2007). Studie zur Entwicklung eins Rücknahme- und <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Verwertungssystem </ins>für photovoltaische Produkte. Hamburg. Available at [http://epub.sub.uni-hamburg.de/epub/volltexte/2012/12655/pdf/Gesamtbericht_PVCycle_de.pdf http://epub.sub.uni-hamburg.de/epub/volltexte/2012/12655/pdf/Gesamtbericht_PVCycle_de.pdf], last accessed on 25 Jun 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Stahl, H.; Bauknecht, D.; Hermann, A.; Jenseit, W.; Jörissen, L. & Storr, U. (2016). Ableitung von <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Recy - cling</del>- und Umweltanforderungen und Strategien zur Vermeidung von Versorgungsrisiken bei <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">innova- tiven </del>Energiespeichern. Dessau. Available at [http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/ableitung-von-recycling-umweltanforderungen http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/ableitung-von-recycling-umweltanforderungen] , last accessed on 11 Dec 2017.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Stahl, H.; Bauknecht, D.; Hermann, A.; Jenseit, W.; Jörissen, L. & Storr, U. (2016). Ableitung von <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Recycling</ins>- und Umweltanforderungen und Strategien zur Vermeidung von Versorgungsrisiken bei <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">innovativen </ins>Energiespeichern. Dessau. Available at [http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/ableitung-von-recycling-umweltanforderungen http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/ableitung-von-recycling-umweltanforderungen], last accessed on 11 Dec 2017.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Umicore (2018). Our battery recycling process. Available at [http://csm.umicore.com/en/recycling/battery-recycling/our-recycling-process http://csm.umicore.com/en/recycling/battery-recycling/our-recycling-process] , last accessed on 14 Jun 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Umicore (2018). Our battery recycling process. Available at [http://csm.umicore.com/en/recycling/battery-recycling/our-recycling-process http://csm.umicore.com/en/recycling/battery-recycling/our-recycling-process], last accessed on 14 Jun 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*UNEP (ed.) (2011). Recycling rates of Metals: A Status Report. Paris. Available at [http://www.unep.org/resourcepanel/Portals/24102/PDFs/Metals_Recycling_Rates_110412-1.pdf http://www.unep.org/resourcepanel/Portals/24102/PDFs/Metals_Recycling_Rates_110412-1.pdf] , last accessed on 12 Jul 2016.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*UNEP (ed.) (2011). Recycling rates of Metals: A Status Report. Paris. Available at [http://www.unep.org/resourcepanel/Portals/24102/PDFs/Metals_Recycling_Rates_110412-1.pdf http://www.unep.org/resourcepanel/Portals/24102/PDFs/Metals_Recycling_Rates_110412-1.pdf], last accessed on 12 Jul 2016.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*United Nations Environment Assembly (2017). Resolution on Eliminating Exposure to Lead Paint and Promoting Environmentally Sound Management of Waste Lead-Acid Batteries: UNEP/EA.3/L.24. Nairobi. Available at [https://papersmart.unon.org/resolution/uploads/k1800228.english.pdf https://papersmart.unon.org/resolution/uploads/k1800228.english.pdf] , last ac - cessed on 14 Jun 2018.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*United Nations Environment Assembly (2017). Resolution on Eliminating Exposure to Lead Paint and Promoting Environmentally Sound Management of Waste Lead-Acid Batteries: UNEP/EA.3/L.24. Nairobi. Available at [https://papersmart.unon.org/resolution/uploads/k1800228.english.pdf https://papersmart.unon.org/resolution/uploads/k1800228.english.pdf], last ac - cessed on 14 Jun 2018.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*USGS (2018). Mineral Industry Surveys - Lead in January 2018. Reston. Available at [https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lead/mis-201801-lead.pdf https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lead/mis-201801-lead.pdf] , last accessed on 13 Jun 2018.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*USGS (2018). Mineral Industry Surveys - Lead in January 2018. Reston. Available at [https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lead/mis-201801-lead.pdf https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lead/mis-201801-lead.pdf], last accessed on 13 Jun 2018.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Weyhe, R. (2013). Recycling von Lithium-Ion-Batterien. In K. J. Thomé-Kozmiensky & D. Goldmann (Eds.), Recycling und Rohstoffe Band 6 (pp. 505–525). Neuruppin: TK Verlag.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Weyhe, R. (2013). Recycling von Lithium-Ion-Batterien. In K. J. Thomé-Kozmiensky & D. Goldmann (Eds.), Recycling und Rohstoffe Band 6 (pp. 505–525). Neuruppin: TK Verlag.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:End-of-Life_Treatment_EE-Lighting]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Batteries]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Solar]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Mini-grid]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Off-grid]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Off-grid]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Mini-grid]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Solar]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Batteries]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:End-of-Life_Treatment_EE-Lighting]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
</table>
Lisafeldmann
https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=End-of-Life_Management_of_Batteries_in_the_Off-Grid_Solar_Sector&diff=278591&oldid=prev
Lisafeldmann: /* Further Information */
2018-12-12T10:29:31Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Further Information</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:29, 12 December 2018</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Batteiger, A. & Rotter, S. (2018). Material Implications of Rural Electrification–A Methodological Framework to Assess In-Use Stocks of Off-Grid Solar Products and EEE in Rural Households in Bangladesh. Recycling 2018, 3(1), 7; [https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling3010007 https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling3010007]<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Batteiger, A. & Rotter, S. (2018). Material Implications of Rural Electrification–A Methodological Framework to Assess In-Use Stocks of Off-Grid Solar Products and EEE in Rural Households in Bangladesh. Recycling 2018, 3(1), 7; [https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling3010007 https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling3010007]<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Batteries International. Making the economics of lithium disposal stack up – sensibly? Batteries International, pp. 52 – 58. Battery University (2018). BU-304a: Safety Concerns with Li-ion. Available at [http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/safety_concerns_with_li_ion http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/safety_concerns_with_li_ion], last accessed on 15 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Batteries International. Making the economics of lithium disposal stack up – sensibly? Batteries International, pp. 52 – 58. Battery University (2018). BU-304a: Safety Concerns with Li-ion. Available at [http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/safety_concerns_with_li_ion http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/safety_concerns_with_li_ion], last accessed on 15 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Chemistry Libre Texts 2018: [https://chem.libretexts.org/Textbook_Maps/General_Chemistry/ https://chem.libretexts.org/Textbook_Maps/General_Chemistry/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</del>Book<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">%3A_Chemistry_</del>(OpenSTAX)/17<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">%3A_Electrochemistry</del>/17.5<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">%3A_Batteries_and_Fuel_Cells</del>, last accessed 15.10.2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Chemistry Libre Texts 2018: [https://chem.libretexts.org/Textbook_Maps/General_Chemistry/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Book:_Chemistry_(OpenSTAX)/17:_Electrochemistry/17.5:_Batteries_and_Fuel_Cells </ins>https://chem.libretexts.org/Textbook_Maps/General_Chemistry/Book<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">:_Chemistry_</ins>(OpenSTAX)/17<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">:_Electrochemistry</ins>/17.5<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">:_Batteries_and_Fuel_Cells]</ins>, last accessed 15.10.2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Curry, C. (2017). Lithium-ion Battery Costs and Market. Available at [https://data.bloomberglp.com/ https://data.bloomberglp.com/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</del>bnef/sites/14/2017/07/BNEF-Lithium-ion-battery-costs-and-market.pdf, last accessed on 10 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Curry, C. (2017). Lithium-ion Battery Costs and Market. Available at [https://data.bloomberglp.com/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">bnef/sites/14/2017/07/BNEF-Lithium-ion-battery-costs-and-market.pdf </ins>https://data.bloomberglp.com/bnef/sites/14/2017/07/BNEF-Lithium-ion-battery-costs-and-market.pdf<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>, last accessed on 10 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*D’Adamo, I.; Miliacca, M. & Rosa, P. (2017). Economic Feasibility for Recycling of Waste Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules. International Journal of Photoenergy, 2017(6), pp. 1– 6. doi:10.1155/2017/4184676.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*D’Adamo, I.; Miliacca, M. & Rosa, P. (2017). Economic Feasibility for Recycling of Waste Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules. International Journal of Photoenergy, 2017(6), pp. 1– 6. doi:10.1155/2017/4184676.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Efficiency for Access Coalition (2017). Global LEAP Off-Grid Appliances Market Survey. Available at [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a38042fe5274a79051c9cea/Deliverable_4-2017_Off- https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a38042fe5274a79051c9cea/Deliverable_4-2017_Off-]Grid_Appliance_Survey_Summary.pdf, last accessed on 20 Jul 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Efficiency for Access Coalition (2017). Global LEAP Off-Grid Appliances Market Survey. Available at [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a38042fe5274a79051c9cea/Deliverable_4-2017_Off- https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a38042fe5274a79051c9cea/Deliverable_4-2017_Off-]Grid_Appliance_Survey_Summary.pdf, last accessed on 20 Jul 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*EnBausa.de (2014). Brandgefahr auch bei Lithium-Eisenphosphat-Batterien. Available at [https://www.enbausa.de/solarenergie/aktuelles/artikel/brandgefahr-auch-bei-lithium-eisenphosphat- https://www.enbausa.de/solarenergie/aktuelles/artikel/brandgefahr-auch-bei-lithium-eisenphosphat-]batterien-3269.html, last accessed on 15 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*EnBausa.de (2014). Brandgefahr auch bei Lithium-Eisenphosphat-Batterien. Available at [https://www.enbausa.de/solarenergie/aktuelles/artikel/brandgefahr-auch-bei-lithium-eisenphosphat- https://www.enbausa.de/solarenergie/aktuelles/artikel/brandgefahr-auch-bei-lithium-eisenphosphat-]batterien-3269.html, last accessed on 15 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*GOGLA (2014). GOGLA Industry Opinion on Lifecycle and Recycling. Cologne. Available at [https://www.gogla.org/sites/default/files/recource_docs/gogla-industry-opinion-on-lifecycle-and-recy https://www.gogla.org/sites/default/files/recource_docs/gogla-industry-opinion-on-lifecycle-and-recy]cling1.pdf, last accessed on 24 Jul 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*GOGLA (2014). GOGLA Industry Opinion on Lifecycle and Recycling. Cologne. Available at [https://www.gogla.org/sites/default/files/recource_docs/gogla-industry-opinion-on-lifecycle-and-recy https://www.gogla.org/sites/default/files/recource_docs/gogla-industry-opinion-on-lifecycle-and-recy]cling1.pdf, last accessed on 24 Jul 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*GOGLA (2017). Providing Energy Access through Off-Grid Solar: Guidance for Governments. Utrecht. Available at [https://www.gogla.org/sites/default/files/resource_docs/energy_access_through_ https://www.gogla.org/sites/default/files/resource_docs/energy_access_through_] off-grid_solar_-_guidance_for_govts.pdf , last accessed on 19 Jul 2018. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*GOGLA (2017). Providing Energy Access through Off-Grid Solar: Guidance for Governments. Utrecht. Available at [https://www.gogla.org/sites/default/files/resource_docs/energy_access_through_ https://www.gogla.org/sites/default/files/resource_docs/energy_access_through_] off-grid_solar_-_guidance_for_govts.pdf , last accessed on 19 Jul 2018.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Green Cross & Pure Earth (2016). 2016 World‘s worst pollution problems. New York & Zürich. Available at [http://www.worstpolluted.org/docs/WorldsWorst2016Spreads.pdf http://www.worstpolluted.org/docs/WorldsWorst2016Spreads.pdf], last accessed on 29 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Green Cross & Pure Earth (2016). 2016 World‘s worst pollution problems. New York & Zürich. Available at [http://www.worstpolluted.org/docs/WorldsWorst2016Spreads.pdf http://www.worstpolluted.org/docs/WorldsWorst2016Spreads.pdf], last accessed on 29 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Harvey, J. (2017). Metal recyclers prepare for electric car revolution. Available at [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-batteries-recycling-analysis/metal-recyclers-prepare-for-electric- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-batteries-recycling-analysis/metal-recyclers-prepare-for-electric-] car-revolution-idUSKBN1DH1DS , last accessed on 11 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Harvey, J. (2017). Metal recyclers prepare for electric car revolution. Available at [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-batteries-recycling-analysis/metal-recyclers-prepare-for-electric- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-batteries-recycling-analysis/metal-recyclers-prepare-for-electric-] car-revolution-idUSKBN1DH1DS , last accessed on 11 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Weyhe, R. (2013). Recycling von Lithium-Ion-Batterien. In K. J. Thomé-Kozmiensky & D. Goldmann (Eds.), Recycling und Rohstoffe Band 6 (pp. 505–525). Neuruppin: TK Verlag.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Weyhe, R. (2013). Recycling von Lithium-Ion-Batterien. In K. J. Thomé-Kozmiensky & D. Goldmann (Eds.), Recycling und Rohstoffe Band 6 (pp. 505–525). Neuruppin: TK Verlag.<br/></div></td></tr>
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</table>
Lisafeldmann
https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=End-of-Life_Management_of_Batteries_in_the_Off-Grid_Solar_Sector&diff=278587&oldid=prev
Lisafeldmann: /* Further Information */
2018-12-12T10:27:49Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Further Information</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:27, 12 December 2018</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Recycling of PicoPV Systems|Recycling of PicoPV Systems]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Recycling of PicoPV Systems|Recycling of PicoPV Systems]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Batteiger, A. & Rotter, S. (2018). Material Implications of Rural Electrification–A Methodological Framework to Assess In-Use Stocks of Off-Grid Solar Products and EEE in Rural Households in Bangladesh. Recycling 2018, 3(1), 7; [https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling3010007 https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling3010007]<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Batteiger, A. & Rotter, S. (2018). Material Implications of Rural Electrification–A Methodological Framework to Assess In-Use Stocks of Off-Grid Solar Products and EEE in Rural Households in Bangladesh. Recycling 2018, 3(1), 7; [https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling3010007 https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling3010007]<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Batteries International. Making the economics of lithium disposal stack up – sensibly? Batteries <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Interna- tional</del>, pp. 52 – 58. Battery University (2018). BU-304a: Safety Concerns with Li-ion. Available at [http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/safety_concerns_with_li_ion http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/safety_concerns_with_li_ion] , last accessed on 15 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Batteries International. Making the economics of lithium disposal stack up – sensibly? Batteries <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">International</ins>, pp. 52 – 58. Battery University (2018). BU-304a: Safety Concerns with Li-ion. Available at [http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/safety_concerns_with_li_ion http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/safety_concerns_with_li_ion], last accessed on 15 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Chemistry Libre Texts 2018: [https://chem.libretexts.org/Textbook_Maps/General_Chemistry/ https://chem.libretexts.org/Textbook_Maps/General_Chemistry/] Book%3A_Chemistry_(OpenSTAX)/17%3A_Electrochemistry/17.5%3A_Batteries_and_Fuel_Cells , last accessed 15.10.2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Chemistry Libre Texts 2018: [https://chem.libretexts.org/Textbook_Maps/General_Chemistry/ https://chem.libretexts.org/Textbook_Maps/General_Chemistry/]Book%3A_Chemistry_(OpenSTAX)/17%3A_Electrochemistry/17.5%3A_Batteries_and_Fuel_Cells, last accessed 15.10.2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Curry, C. (2017). Lithium-ion Battery Costs and Market. Available at [https://data.bloomberglp.com/ https://data.bloomberglp.com/] bnef/sites/14/2017/07/BNEF-Lithium-ion-battery-costs-and-market.pdf , last accessed on 10 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Curry, C. (2017). Lithium-ion Battery Costs and Market. Available at [https://data.bloomberglp.com/ https://data.bloomberglp.com/]bnef/sites/14/2017/07/BNEF-Lithium-ion-battery-costs-and-market.pdf, last accessed on 10 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*D’Adamo, I.; Miliacca, M. & Rosa, P. (2017). Economic Feasibility for Recycling of Waste Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules. International Journal of Photoenergy, 2017(6), pp. 1– 6. doi:10.1155/2017/4184676.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*D’Adamo, I.; Miliacca, M. & Rosa, P. (2017). Economic Feasibility for Recycling of Waste Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules. International Journal of Photoenergy, 2017(6), pp. 1– 6. doi:10.1155/2017/4184676.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Efficiency for Access Coalition (2017). Global LEAP Off-Grid Appliances <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mark et Sur vey</del>. Available at [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a38042fe5274a79051c9cea/Deliverable_4-2017_Off- https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a38042fe5274a79051c9cea/Deliverable_4-2017_Off-] Grid_Appliance_Survey_Summary.pdf , last accessed on 20 Jul 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Efficiency for Access Coalition (2017). Global LEAP Off-Grid Appliances <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Market Survey</ins>. Available at [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a38042fe5274a79051c9cea/Deliverable_4-2017_Off- https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a38042fe5274a79051c9cea/Deliverable_4-2017_Off-]Grid_Appliance_Survey_Summary.pdf, last accessed on 20 Jul 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*EnBausa.de (2014). Brandgefahr auch bei Lithium-Eisenphosphat-Batterien. Available at [https://www.enbausa.de/solarenergie/aktuelles/artikel/brandgefahr-auch-bei-lithium-eisenphosphat- https://www.enbausa.de/solarenergie/aktuelles/artikel/brandgefahr-auch-bei-lithium-eisenphosphat-] batterien-3269.html , last accessed on 15 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*EnBausa.de (2014). Brandgefahr auch bei Lithium-Eisenphosphat-Batterien. Available at [https://www.enbausa.de/solarenergie/aktuelles/artikel/brandgefahr-auch-bei-lithium-eisenphosphat- https://www.enbausa.de/solarenergie/aktuelles/artikel/brandgefahr-auch-bei-lithium-eisenphosphat-]batterien-3269.html, last accessed on 15 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*GOGLA (2014). GOGLA Industry Opinion on Lifecycle and Recycling. Cologne. Available at [https://www.gogla.org/sites/default/files/recource_docs/gogla-industry-opinion-on-lifecycle-and-recy https://www.gogla.org/sites/default/files/recource_docs/gogla-industry-opinion-on-lifecycle-and-recy] cling1.pdf , last accessed on 24 Jul 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*GOGLA (2014). GOGLA Industry Opinion on Lifecycle and Recycling. Cologne. Available at [https://www.gogla.org/sites/default/files/recource_docs/gogla-industry-opinion-on-lifecycle-and-recy https://www.gogla.org/sites/default/files/recource_docs/gogla-industry-opinion-on-lifecycle-and-recy]cling1.pdf, last accessed on 24 Jul 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*GOGLA (2017). Providing Energy Access through Off-Grid Solar: Guidance for Governments. Utrecht. Available at [https://www.gogla.org/sites/default/files/resource_docs/energy_access_through_ https://www.gogla.org/sites/default/files/resource_docs/energy_access_through_] off-grid_solar_-_guidance_for_govts.pdf , last accessed on 19 Jul 2018. Green Cross & Pure Earth (2016). 2016 World‘s worst pollution problems. New York & Zürich. Available at [http://www.worstpolluted.org/docs/WorldsWorst2016Spreads.pdf http://www.worstpolluted.org/docs/WorldsWorst2016Spreads.pdf] , last accessed on 29 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*GOGLA (2017). Providing Energy Access through Off-Grid Solar: Guidance for Governments. Utrecht. Available at [https://www.gogla.org/sites/default/files/resource_docs/energy_access_through_ https://www.gogla.org/sites/default/files/resource_docs/energy_access_through_] off-grid_solar_-_guidance_for_govts.pdf , last accessed on 19 Jul 2018. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*</ins>Green Cross & Pure Earth (2016). 2016 World‘s worst pollution problems. New York & Zürich. Available at [http://www.worstpolluted.org/docs/WorldsWorst2016Spreads.pdf http://www.worstpolluted.org/docs/WorldsWorst2016Spreads.pdf], last accessed on 29 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Harvey, J. (2017). Metal recyclers prepare for electric car revolution. Available at [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-batteries-recycling-analysis/metal-recyclers-prepare-for-electric- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-batteries-recycling-analysis/metal-recyclers-prepare-for-electric-] car-revolution-idUSKBN1DH1DS , last accessed on 11 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Harvey, J. (2017). Metal recyclers prepare for electric car revolution. Available at [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-batteries-recycling-analysis/metal-recyclers-prepare-for-electric- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-batteries-recycling-analysis/metal-recyclers-prepare-for-electric-] car-revolution-idUSKBN1DH1DS , last accessed on 11 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Hietaniemi, M. (2015). Thermal stability of chemicals used in lithium-ion batteries: Master thesis at University of Oulu. Available at [http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/nbnfioulu-201512032229.pdf http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/nbnfioulu-201512032229.pdf] , last accessed on 17 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Hietaniemi, M. (2015). Thermal stability of chemicals used in lithium-ion batteries: Master thesis at University of Oulu. Available at [http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/nbnfioulu-201512032229.pdf http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/nbnfioulu-201512032229.pdf] , last accessed on 17 Jan 2018.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l263" >Line 263:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 265:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Weyhe, R. (2013). Recycling von Lithium-Ion-Batterien. In K. J. Thomé-Kozmiensky & D. Goldmann (Eds.), Recycling und Rohstoffe Band 6 (pp. 505–525). Neuruppin: TK Verlag.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Weyhe, R. (2013). Recycling von Lithium-Ion-Batterien. In K. J. Thomé-Kozmiensky & D. Goldmann (Eds.), Recycling und Rohstoffe Band 6 (pp. 505–525). Neuruppin: TK Verlag.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:End-of-Life_Treatment_EE-Lighting]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Batteries]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Solar]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Mini-grid]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Off-grid]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Off-grid]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Mini-grid]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Solar]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Batteries]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:End-of-Life_Treatment_EE-Lighting]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
</table>
Lisafeldmann