Difference between revisions of "Hydro - FAQ"

From energypedia
***** (***** | *****)
***** (***** | *****)
m
 
(11 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''ask your question question here - ''''''go to third tab  <Edit>  -'''
+
= Overview =
  
<br> Answer the questions here ...
+
To ask your question here, use '''Edit''' and type your question
  
<br>  
+
<u>'''The following questions are already raised:'''</u>
  
==== What use can a hydropower installation satisfy?  ====
+
<br/>
  
*Direct drive of machinery
+
= Questions and Answers =
*Electricity production for local use
 
*Electricity feed into grid for revenue<br>
 
  
==== How many people can be supplied by a mhp station? ====
+
==== What demand can a hydropower installation satisfy? ====
 +
 
 +
*Direct drive of machinery
 +
*Electricity production for local use
 +
*Electricity feed into grid for revenue
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==== How many people can be supplied by a mhp station? ====
  
 
Available <u>share per household (hh) depends on local hydro potential and type of use</u> (lighting, TV, machinery, ...). Calculate no. of required appliances. The consumers have to be connected towards the mhp station by a transmission line.
 
Available <u>share per household (hh) depends on local hydro potential and type of use</u> (lighting, TV, machinery, ...). Calculate no. of required appliances. The consumers have to be connected towards the mhp station by a transmission line.
  
Energy = power * time. Energy [Watt hours (Wh)]; Power [Watt(W)]; time [hours(h)]  
+
Energy = power * time. Energy [Watt hours (Wh)]; Power [Watt(W)]; time [hours(h)]
 +
*Required power for <u>lighting</u> depends on no. and type of lamps used. Fluorescence lamps require so called blind power. It may affect the system if they the only consumers.
 +
*<u>Machinery</u> needs usually several kW (often machinery's power is given in HP (metrical Horsepower) 10 HP = 7.36 kW)<br/>A motors starting power can be 50% higher than its regularly stated power. There are technical possibilities to address these (soft start).
 +
*<u>Electrical heating</u> requires very high power. Within an isolated grid, electrical heating / cooking / oven is usually not practicable. Hot water can be produced centrally from the ballast load.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==== What's typical Wattage of appliances? ====
  
*Required power for <u>lighting</u> depends on no. and type of lamps used. Fluorescence lamps require so called blind power. It may affect the system if they the only consumers.<br>
+
*Water heater ~ 3-5 kW.
*<u>Machinery</u> needs usually several kW (often machinery's power is given in HP (metrical Horsepower) 10 HP = 7.36 kW)<br>A motors starting power can be 50% higher than its regularly stated power.&nbsp;There are technical possibilities to address these (soft start).
+
*Electric cooler ~ 300 W
*<u>Electrical heating</u> requires very high power. Within an isolated grid, electrical heating / cooking / oven&nbsp; is usually not practicable. Hot water can be produced centrally from the ballast load.
+
*Freezer ~ 0.5 - 1kW
 +
*Air condition ~ 0.7 - 1 kW
 +
*Electrical fan ~ 200 Watt.
 +
*Radio / DVD ~ 10 W / 25 W
 +
*TV 50 -150 W (depending on type and size
 +
*Bulb (CFL) ~ 3 - 10 W; conventional bulbs ~ 25 - 40 W each
 +
*Standby power for VCR / DVD / Stabilizer / satellite dish receivers / TV - ranges around 5 - 15 W each
 +
*Electric drill ~ 300 W
 +
*Water pump ~ 1 kW
  
==== What's typical Wattage of appliances?  ====
+
<br/>
  
*Water heater ~ 3-5 kW.
+
==== What are typical difficulties in setting up mhp?<br/> ====
*Electric cooler ~ 300 W
 
*Freezer ~ 0.5 - 1kW<br>
 
*Air condition ~ 0.7 - 1 kW<br>
 
*Electrical fan ~ 200 Watt.
 
*Radio / DVD ~ 10 W / 25 W<br>  
 
*TV 50 -150 W (depending on type and size
 
*Bulb (CFL) ~ 3 - 10 W; conventional bulbs ~ 25 - 40 W each
 
*Standby power for VCR / DVD / Stabilizer / satellite dish receivers / TV - ranges around 5 - 15 W each
 
*Electric drill ~ 300 W
 
*Water pump&nbsp; ~ 1 kW
 
  
<br>  
+
*<u>financial coverage</u> of installation costs have to be covered upfront
 +
*<u>remote location</u> requires long travels for specialists
 +
*<u>mhp equipment</u> is not available everywhere for low costs
 +
*<u>specific conditions</u> require special know how
 +
*<u>uncertain outcome</u> till a pre-feasibility study is done
  
==== What are typical difficulties in setting up mhp?<br>  ====
 
  
*<u>financial coverage</u> of installation costs have to be covered upfront<br>
 
*<u>remote location</u> requires long travels for specialists<br>
 
*<u>mhp equipment</u> is not available everywhere for low costs
 
*<u>specific conditions</u> require special know how<br>
 
*<u>uncertain outcome</u> till a pre-feasibility study is done<br>
 
  
==== Price range of mhp installations? ====
+
==== Price range of mhp installations? ====
  
Costs depend on size of potential site. They usually range from 2000 - 5000 USD/kW  
+
Costs depend on size of potential site. They usually range from 2000 - 5000 USD/kW
  
==== Special material required?  ====
 
  
Turbine, generator, controller come from a specialist producers
 
  
Pipeline and civil works can be done by companies not necessarily specialised in mhp. Whereby experience is always an advantage.
+
==== Special material required? ====
  
==== Suitable areas for mhp: ====
+
*Turbine, generator, controller come from a specialist producers
 +
*Pipeline and civil works can be done by companies not necessarily specialised in mhp. Whereby experience is always an advantage.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==== Suitable areas for mhp: ====
  
 
*Hills and all year round water flow provide good hydropower conditions
 
*Hills and all year round water flow provide good hydropower conditions
Line 62: Line 74:
 
*Irrigation canals can have good hydropower potential if there is some drop in height
 
*Irrigation canals can have good hydropower potential if there is some drop in height
  
==== Required competencies:  ====
 
  
  
 +
==== Required competence: ====
 +
 +
*mhp feasibility (pre-) study
 +
*mhp planning
 +
*construction supervision
 +
*installation electromechanical equipment
 +
*social setup
 +
 +
 +
 +
==== How Long does it take to finish a mhp installation: ====
 +
 +
Ideally flow measurements should be taken over several years to ensure safe data. A must is the measurement of the minimal flow during dry season. From there on a mhp plant can be installed <u>within one year</u>. Accessibility of remote location, delivery times for turbine and generator and social setup usually take longer than estimated.
  
==== How Long does it take to finish a mhp installation:  ====
+
= <br/>Further Information =
  
Ideally flow measurements should be taken over several years to ensure safe data. A must is the measurement of the minimal flow during dry season. From there on a mhp plant can be installed <u>within one year</u>. Accessibility of remote location, delivery times for turbine and generator and social setup usually take longer than estimated.&nbsp;
+
[[Portal:Hydro|-> back to hydro section]]
  
<br>  
+
<br/>
  
[[Hydro|back to hydro section]]
+
= References =
  
<br>  
+
<references />
  
 
[[Category:Hydro]]
 
[[Category:Hydro]]

Latest revision as of 14:03, 19 August 2014

Overview

To ask your question here, use Edit and type your question

The following questions are already raised:


Questions and Answers

What demand can a hydropower installation satisfy?

  • Direct drive of machinery
  • Electricity production for local use
  • Electricity feed into grid for revenue


How many people can be supplied by a mhp station?

Available share per household (hh) depends on local hydro potential and type of use (lighting, TV, machinery, ...). Calculate no. of required appliances. The consumers have to be connected towards the mhp station by a transmission line.

Energy = power * time. Energy [Watt hours (Wh)]; Power [Watt(W)]; time [hours(h)]

  • Required power for lighting depends on no. and type of lamps used. Fluorescence lamps require so called blind power. It may affect the system if they the only consumers.
  • Machinery needs usually several kW (often machinery's power is given in HP (metrical Horsepower) 10 HP = 7.36 kW)
    A motors starting power can be 50% higher than its regularly stated power. There are technical possibilities to address these (soft start).
  • Electrical heating requires very high power. Within an isolated grid, electrical heating / cooking / oven is usually not practicable. Hot water can be produced centrally from the ballast load.


What's typical Wattage of appliances?

  • Water heater ~ 3-5 kW.
  • Electric cooler ~ 300 W
  • Freezer ~ 0.5 - 1kW
  • Air condition ~ 0.7 - 1 kW
  • Electrical fan ~ 200 Watt.
  • Radio / DVD ~ 10 W / 25 W
  • TV 50 -150 W (depending on type and size
  • Bulb (CFL) ~ 3 - 10 W; conventional bulbs ~ 25 - 40 W each
  • Standby power for VCR / DVD / Stabilizer / satellite dish receivers / TV - ranges around 5 - 15 W each
  • Electric drill ~ 300 W
  • Water pump ~ 1 kW


What are typical difficulties in setting up mhp?

  • financial coverage of installation costs have to be covered upfront
  • remote location requires long travels for specialists
  • mhp equipment is not available everywhere for low costs
  • specific conditions require special know how
  • uncertain outcome till a pre-feasibility study is done


Price range of mhp installations?

Costs depend on size of potential site. They usually range from 2000 - 5000 USD/kW


Special material required?

  • Turbine, generator, controller come from a specialist producers
  • Pipeline and civil works can be done by companies not necessarily specialised in mhp. Whereby experience is always an advantage.


Suitable areas for mhp:

  • Hills and all year round water flow provide good hydropower conditions
  • Waterfalls are typical indicators for mhp potential
  • A river which cascades down on a short distance can be suitable for mhp
  • Irrigation canals can have good hydropower potential if there is some drop in height


Required competence:

  • mhp feasibility (pre-) study
  • mhp planning
  • construction supervision
  • installation electromechanical equipment
  • social setup


How Long does it take to finish a mhp installation:

Ideally flow measurements should be taken over several years to ensure safe data. A must is the measurement of the minimal flow during dry season. From there on a mhp plant can be installed within one year. Accessibility of remote location, delivery times for turbine and generator and social setup usually take longer than estimated.


Further Information

-> back to hydro section


References