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| − | To ask your question here, use the third tab above '''Edit''' and type your question (use Format: heading 4)
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| − | <u>'''The following questions are already raised:'''</u>
| + | = Overview = |
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| − | <br>
| + | To ask your question here, use '''Edit''' and type your question |
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| − | ==== What demand can a hydropower installation satisfy? ====
| + | <u>'''The following questions are already raised:'''</u> |
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| − | *Direct drive of machinery | + | <br/> |
| − | *Electricity production for local use | + | |
| | + | = Questions and Answers = |
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| | + | ==== What demand can a hydropower installation satisfy? ==== |
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| | + | *Direct drive of machinery |
| | + | *Electricity production for local use |
| | *Electricity feed into grid for revenue | | *Electricity feed into grid for revenue |
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| − | ==== How many people can be supplied by a mhp station? ====
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| − | Available <u>share per household (hh) depends on local hydro potential and type of use</u> (lighting, TV, machinery, ...). Calculate no. of required appliances. The consumers have to be connected towards the mhp station by a transmission line.
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| − | Energy = power * time. Energy [Watt hours (Wh)]; Power [Watt(W)]; time [hours(h)]
| + | ==== How many people can be supplied by a mhp station? ==== |
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| − | *Required power for <u>lighting</u> depends on no. and type of lamps used. Fluorescence lamps require so called blind power. It may affect the system if they the only consumers.
| + | Available <u>share per household (hh) depends on local hydro potential and type of use</u> (lighting, TV, machinery, ...). Calculate no. of required appliances. The consumers have to be connected towards the mhp station by a transmission line. |
| − | *<u>Machinery</u> needs usually several kW (often machinery's power is given in HP (metrical Horsepower) 10 HP = 7.36 kW)<br>A motors starting power can be 50% higher than its regularly stated power. There are technical possibilities to address these (soft start).
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| − | *<u>Electrical heating</u> requires very high power. Within an isolated grid, electrical heating / cooking / oven is usually not practicable. Hot water can be produced centrally from the ballast load.
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| − | ==== What's typical Wattage of appliances? ==== | + | Energy = power * time. Energy [Watt hours (Wh)]; Power [Watt(W)]; time [hours(h)] |
| | + | *Required power for <u>lighting</u> depends on no. and type of lamps used. Fluorescence lamps require so called blind power. It may affect the system if they the only consumers. |
| | + | *<u>Machinery</u> needs usually several kW (often machinery's power is given in HP (metrical Horsepower) 10 HP = 7.36 kW)<br/>A motors starting power can be 50% higher than its regularly stated power. There are technical possibilities to address these (soft start). |
| | + | *<u>Electrical heating</u> requires very high power. Within an isolated grid, electrical heating / cooking / oven is usually not practicable. Hot water can be produced centrally from the ballast load. |
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| − | *Water heater ~ 3-5 kW.
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| − | *Electric cooler ~ 300 W
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| − | *Freezer ~ 0.5 - 1kW
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| − | *Air condition ~ 0.7 - 1 kW
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| − | *Electrical fan ~ 200 Watt.
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| − | *Radio / DVD ~ 10 W / 25 W
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| − | *TV 50 -150 W (depending on type and size
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| − | *Bulb (CFL) ~ 3 - 10 W; conventional bulbs ~ 25 - 40 W each
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| − | *Standby power for VCR / DVD / Stabilizer / satellite dish receivers / TV - ranges around 5 - 15 W each
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| − | *Electric drill ~ 300 W
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| − | *Water pump ~ 1 kW
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| − | ==== What are typical difficulties in setting up mhp?<br> ==== | + | ==== What's typical Wattage of appliances? ==== |
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| − | *<u>financial coverage</u> of installation costs have to be covered upfront | + | *Water heater ~ 3-5 kW. |
| − | *<u>remote location</u> requires long travels for specialists | + | *Electric cooler ~ 300 W |
| − | *<u>mhp equipment</u> is not available everywhere for low costs | + | *Freezer ~ 0.5 - 1kW |
| − | *<u>specific conditions</u> require special know how | + | *Air condition ~ 0.7 - 1 kW |
| | + | *Electrical fan ~ 200 Watt. |
| | + | *Radio / DVD ~ 10 W / 25 W |
| | + | *TV 50 -150 W (depending on type and size |
| | + | *Bulb (CFL) ~ 3 - 10 W; conventional bulbs ~ 25 - 40 W each |
| | + | *Standby power for VCR / DVD / Stabilizer / satellite dish receivers / TV - ranges around 5 - 15 W each |
| | + | *Electric drill ~ 300 W |
| | + | *Water pump ~ 1 kW |
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| | + | <br/> |
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| | + | ==== What are typical difficulties in setting up mhp?<br/> ==== |
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| | + | *<u>financial coverage</u> of installation costs have to be covered upfront |
| | + | *<u>remote location</u> requires long travels for specialists |
| | + | *<u>mhp equipment</u> is not available everywhere for low costs |
| | + | *<u>specific conditions</u> require special know how |
| | *<u>uncertain outcome</u> till a pre-feasibility study is done | | *<u>uncertain outcome</u> till a pre-feasibility study is done |
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| − | ==== Price range of mhp installations? ====
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| − | Costs depend on size of potential site. They usually range from 2000 - 5000 USD/kW
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| − | ==== Special material required? ==== | + | ==== Price range of mhp installations? ==== |
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| − | *Turbine, generator, controller come from a specialist producers | + | Costs depend on size of potential site. They usually range from 2000 - 5000 USD/kW |
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| | + | ==== Special material required? ==== |
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| | + | *Turbine, generator, controller come from a specialist producers |
| | *Pipeline and civil works can be done by companies not necessarily specialised in mhp. Whereby experience is always an advantage. | | *Pipeline and civil works can be done by companies not necessarily specialised in mhp. Whereby experience is always an advantage. |
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| − | ==== Suitable areas for mhp: ====
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| − | *Hills and all year round water flow provide good hydropower conditions | + | |
| − | *Waterfalls are typical indicators for mhp potential | + | ==== Suitable areas for mhp: ==== |
| − | *A river which cascades down on a short distance can be suitable for mhp | + | |
| | + | *Hills and all year round water flow provide good hydropower conditions |
| | + | *Waterfalls are typical indicators for mhp potential |
| | + | *A river which cascades down on a short distance can be suitable for mhp |
| | *Irrigation canals can have good hydropower potential if there is some drop in height | | *Irrigation canals can have good hydropower potential if there is some drop in height |
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| − | ==== Required competence: ====
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| − | *mhp feasibility (pre-) study | + | |
| − | *mhp planning | + | ==== Required competence: ==== |
| − | *construction supervision | + | |
| − | *installation electromechanical equipment | + | *mhp feasibility (pre-) study |
| | + | *mhp planning |
| | + | *construction supervision |
| | + | *installation electromechanical equipment |
| | *social setup | | *social setup |
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| − | ==== How Long does it take to finish a mhp installation: ====
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| − | Ideally flow measurements should be taken over several years to ensure safe data. A must is the measurement of the minimal flow during dry season. From there on a mhp plant can be installed <u>within one year</u>. Accessibility of remote location, delivery times for turbine and generator and social setup usually take longer than estimated.
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| | + | ==== How Long does it take to finish a mhp installation: ==== |
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| | + | Ideally flow measurements should be taken over several years to ensure safe data. A must is the measurement of the minimal flow during dry season. From there on a mhp plant can be installed <u>within one year</u>. Accessibility of remote location, delivery times for turbine and generator and social setup usually take longer than estimated. |
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| | + | = <br/>Further Information = |
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| | + | [[Portal:Hydro|-> back to hydro section]] |
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| − | <br>
| + | = References = |
| − | [[Hydro|back to hydro section]]
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| − | <br> | + | <references /> |
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| | [[Category:Hydro]] | | [[Category:Hydro]] |
Energy = power * time. Energy [Watt hours (Wh)]; Power [Watt(W)]; time [hours(h)]
Costs depend on size of potential site. They usually range from 2000 - 5000 USD/kW
Ideally flow measurements should be taken over several years to ensure safe data. A must is the measurement of the minimal flow during dry season. From there on a mhp plant can be installed within one year. Accessibility of remote location, delivery times for turbine and generator and social setup usually take longer than estimated.
