Kazakhstan Energy Situation

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Kazakhstan
 
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Location_Kazakhstan.png

Capital

Astana (51°10′N 71°25′E)

Official language(s)

Kazakh (1st)/Russian (2nd)

Government

Presidential republic

President

Nursultan Nazarbayev

Prime Minister

Karim Massimov

Total area

2,724,900 km2

Population

16,600,000 (2011 estimate)

Population - Rural

 41% (6.4 million

Population - Urban

 59% (9.1 million)

Population Density

 6 people/ km² (one of lowest in the world)

Avg. Household Size

 6 members

Literacy Rate

 99.5%

GDP (nominal)

$180.147 billion

GDP per Capita

$10,951

GNI per Capita

$ 7769.40

Currency

Tenge (KZT)

Time Zone

(UTC+5/6)

Calling Code

+7-6xx, +7-7xx

Geography and Climatic Conditions

The Republic of Kazakhstan is located in Central Asia. The neighbooring countries are Russia in the North and West, China China in the East, Kyrgyztan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan in the South. The capital of Kazakhstan is Astana and the country is administratively divided into 14 regions.

Forest/steppe and steppe land areas comprise 10% of the territory, 60% semi-desert and desert land and about 5% are categorized as highlands. The land covered by forest is 1,2% with decreasing forest coverage by approx. -0,17% annually[1]. The percentage of land and water is 98% to 2%. The climate is continental with cold dry winters and hot dry summers. The perception ranges between 15 to 320 mm annually. The average minimum is 3.8°C and the average maximum temperature is about 14.6°C[2].  

Economic Development

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) until 2008 was around 141 billion US$, refering to 9,075 US$ per capita. The GDP consits out of  5,4% agriculture, 42,8% industry, and 51,8% services share. The annual growth rate of the GDP was about in 7% 2010, 1.2% in 2009, and  3.2% in 2008.


Kazakhstan has 220 million hectares of agricultural land, which comprises 10,8% arable land, 2,2% of haying land, and 85%pasturable land.


Energy Situation

Kazakhstan owns about 0.5% of the world´s mineral energy resources, equaling 90 billion tons of oil equivalent. This number includes 70% coal, 22% oil, and 8% gas.



Energy Supply

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Electricity

Sources

Biomass and hydropower [3]

Stability

The losses of energy in the transmission and distribution process are 25–50%.

Energy Consumption

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National Level

Electricity

Household Level

Share of Fuel Types

Percentage of energy types used for cooking in urban areas [4]


Kazakhstan Urban Share.jpg


Percentage of energy types used for cooking in rural areas[4]

 


Kazakhstan Rural Share.jpg


Share of Solid Fuels[5]

Percentage of population using solid fuels (charcoal, coal, cropwaste, dung and wood) as cooking energy:

National: 11.6%, Urban: 5.5%, Rural: 25.2% 

Solid Fuel Use Impact on Health[6]

• Total annual deaths attributable to solid fuel use: < 100 persons
• Percentage of national burden of diseases attributable to solid fuel use: 0%

 

Access Rate

Electrification Rate

72,7%

Renewable Energies

In Use

wind and hydropower

Potentials[7]

Wind energy: Kazakhstan has enormous wind resources but only a small part of the wind potential is used; 500kv out of a potential of 1.3 trillion kWh of electric energy per year at the Jungar Gates.

Despite the very favourable conditions for solar energy, there is little use of the resource.

Solar Energy

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Wind Energy

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Biomass

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Biogas

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Hydro Power

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Other renewable Sources

 

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Key problems of the energy sector

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Policy framework, laws and regulations

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General Energy policy, Energy strategy

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Important Laws and regulations

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Specific strategies (Biomass, renewable energies, rural electrification, energy access strategy etc.)

RE-Law from 2009: 5% of Kazakhstan’s energy balance must by renewable by 2024. The law also uses feed-in tariffs and renewable energy certificates to encourage renewable energy investment.

Institutional set up in the energy sector

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Governmental institutions Private sector (enterprises, NGOs)

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Activities of other donors, activities of NGOs

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Existing projects

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Publications

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External links

References