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Metering and Billing Systems
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Contents
1
Standard kWh meter
2
Pre-paid system with coins or cards
3
Current limiter
4
Flat rate
5
Experience form Nepal : Innovative Metering
Standard kWh meter
Standard kWh meter. Its price is about 40-50 USD
Digital meter. Its price is about 120-150 USD
Advantages
fair and transparent
reading less frequent than collection; if customers go to office, there is cost reduction
amount and time related tariffs possible (demand steering)
Disadvantages
high costs (metering device & reading)
dis- and re-connection in case of late payment
complicated reading and billing
Pre-paid system with coins or cards
Pre-paid system with coins or cards. Its price is about 40-80 USD
Advantages
fair and transparent
no meter reading
no overdue costs
no costs for dis- and re-connection
close to “ability to pay”-variations
coins less expensive than cards
Disadvantages
relatively high cost for metering device
less forgery proof
costs for re-collection of coins and selling system for coins/cards
Current limiter
Current limiter. The price may be less than 5 USD
Current limiter
Advantages
simultaneously protecting against overcurrent (actual purpose)
delimiting peak demand
no meter reading required; flat rates according to max. amperage
Disadvantages
danger of fraud and theft of switch fuses
additional costs for replacement of cut out fuses
time of usage not considered; less fair
Flat rate
Advantages
very cheap (no metering or delimiting device)
especially in rural areas of Indonesia quite common and accepted
can be combined with number of appliances or installed wattage (social control)
Disadvantages
provokes waste of electricity, no incentive for saving
no load control / demand steering possible (peaks)
less fair
Experience form Nepal :
Innovative Metering
Categories
:
Hydro
Solar
