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| − | <p style="text-align: justify">[[File:Conference MES.PNG|left|434px|alt=Conference MES.PNG]]</p><p style="text-align: justify"><br/></p> | + | <p style="text-align: justify">[[File:Conference MES.PNG|center|550px|alt=Conference MES.PNG]]</p> |
| − | = Overview<br/> =
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| − | <p style="text-align: justify">The International Conference on [http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/ “Micro Perspectives for Decentralized Energy Supply” (MES)] was established as an international forum to discuss the micro perspective of the technical, economic, social, and environmental aspects of microenergy systems. <span id="more-512"></span><br/></p><p style="text-align: justify">The MES conference brings together leading academics from the social sciences, economics, natural sciences, and engineering, as well as practitioners (e.g. project developers and implementers, entrepreneurs).</p><p style="text-align: justify">[http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/microenergy-systems/ Microenergy Systems] provide solutions for single households or micro enterprises (e.g. solar home systems, improved cooking stoves, biogas plants), as well as technologies for several households or communities. For a long time, they have been regarded as transitional solutions towards centralized energy supply in developing countries, or as a negligible niche market in developed countries. In recent years, there have been growing expectations that decentralized energy systems will play an important role in shifting energy policy, as well as in contributing to poverty reduction and improved health, education, and overall quality of life. The MES conference will explore the technical, social, and economic factors and context conditions that can enable MES to meet these expectations.<br/></p><p style="text-align: justify"><br/></p>
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| − | = Program Documentation<br/> =
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| − | == Tuesday, February 26<br/> ==
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| − | === Mini Grids as New Market Opportunities: Experiences from Science and Private Sector<br/> ===
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| − | In cooperation with [http://www.giz.de/ GIZ], Practitioner Workshop<br/>
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| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1" style="width: 100%"
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | '''Time: 9:00am - 5:00pm'''<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | [http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2013/01/28/the-potential-of-mini-grids-experiences-from-practical-implementation-and-academia/ Short description] (MES Homepage)<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | [http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Agenda_-Mini-Grids-as-New-Market-Opportunities.pdf More Information and full agenda]<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Power Point
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Summary, more information (energypedia article)<br/>
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| − | === Financing Decentralized Energy Supply for Low-Income Markets<br/> === | + | = Overview<br/> = |
| − | | + | <p style="text-align: justify">The International Conference on [http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/ “Micro Perspectives for Decentralized Energy Supply” (MES)] was established as an international forum to discuss the micro perspective of the technical, economic, social, and environmental aspects of microenergy systems. <span id="more-512"></span><br/></p><p style="text-align: justify">The MES conference brings together leading academics from the social sciences, economics, natural sciences, and engineering, as well as practitioners (e.g. project developers and implementers, entrepreneurs).</p><p style="text-align: justify">[http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/microenergy-systems/ Microenergy Systems] provide solutions for single households or micro enterprises (e.g. solar home systems, improved cooking stoves, biogas plants), as well as technologies for several households or communities. For a long time, they have been regarded as transitional solutions towards centralized energy supply in developing countries, or as a negligible niche market in developed countries. In recent years, there have been growing expectations that decentralized energy systems will play an important role in shifting energy policy, as well as in contributing to poverty reduction and improved health, education, and overall quality of life. The MES conference will explore the technical, social, and economic factors and context conditions that can enable MES to meet these expectations.</p> |
| − | In cooperation with [http://www.giz.de/ GIZ], Workshop<br/>
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| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1" style="width: 100%"
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | '''Time: 9:00am - 3:00pm'''<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | [http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2013/01/28/financing-decentralized-energy-supply-for-low-income-markets/ Short description]<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Power Point<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Summary<br/>
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| − | == Wednesday, February 27th<br/> == | + | = Conference Documentation<br/> = |
| − | | |
| − | === Enabling energy supply for low-income markets through mini-grid solutions<br/> ===
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| − | In cooperation with [http://www.reiner-lemoine-institut.de/ Reiner Lemoine Institute], Mini-grid Workshop<br/>
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| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1" style="width: 100%"
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | '''Time: 9:00am - 5:00pm'''<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | [http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2013/01/28/enabling-energy-supply-for-low-income-markets-through-mini-grid-solutions/ Short description], [http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Agenda_Enabling-energy-supply-for-low-income-markets-through-mini-grid-solutions.pdf Agenda]<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Power Point<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Summary<br/>
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| − | <br/> | + | <span style="color: rgb(192, 0, 0); line-height: 21px;">► </span>[[Micro_Perspectives_for_Decentralized_Energy_Supply_-_Conference_2013_Tuesday,_February_26|Tuesday, 26 February 2013]] |
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| − | === PEP-Information Exchange “PV-Hybrid on the Philippines” === | + | <span style="color: rgb(192, 0, 0); line-height: 21px;">► </span>[[Micro_Perspectives_for_Decentralized_Energy_Supply_-_Conference_2013_Wednesday,_February_27|Wednesday, 27 February 2013]] |
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| − | In cooperation with [http://www.giz.de/ GIZ], Workshop
| + | <span style="color: rgb(192, 0, 0); line-height: 21px;">► </span>[[Micro_Perspectives_for_Decentralized_Energy_Supply_-_Conference_2013_Thursday,_February_28|Thursday, 28 February 2013]] |
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| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1" style="width: 100%"
| + | <span style="color: rgb(192, 0, 0); line-height: 21px;">► </span>[[Micro_Perspectives_for_Decentralized_Energy_Supply_-_Conference_2013_Friday,_March_1|Friday, 1 March 2013]] |
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | '''Time: 10:00am - 5:00pm'''<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | [http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2013/01/28/pv-hybrid-market-in-the-philippines/ Short description]<br/> | |
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Power Point<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Summary<br/>
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| − | === Facilitating Energy Access: the Practitioner Perspective<br/> ===
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| − | In cooperation with the [http://www.sustainableenergyforall.org/events-outreach/practitioner-network Energy Access Practitioner Network of United Nations Foundation], Practitioner Workshop
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| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1" style="width: 100%"
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | '''Time: 1:30pm - 5:00pm'''<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | [http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2013/01/28/energy-access-practitioner-network-workshop/ Short description]<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Power Point<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Summary<br/>
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| − | === Conference Kick-of: Exhibition and Opening Session<br/> === | + | = Further Information = |
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| − | '''Exhibition: '''Teaching Technology Tools – Building a global energy training laboratory.<br/>
| + | <span style="color: rgb(192, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; font-size: 0.85em">► </span>[http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Preliminary-Programm_1302251.pdf MES Conference 2013 Program]<br/> |
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| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1" style="width: 773px"
| + | <span style="color: rgb(192, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; font-size: 0.85em">► </span>[http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/mes-2011/ Information on MES Conference 2011]<br/> |
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" | '''Time: 5:00pm'''<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" | [http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2012/10/08/teaching-technology-tools-building-a-global-energy-training-laboratory/ Short description]<br/>
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| − | <br/>
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| − | '''Opening Session: '''Sustainable Energy Access for all. Chances and Challenges from the Microperspective.<br/>
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| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1"
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" | '''Time: 6:00pm'''<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" | [http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2013/02/21/opening-session/ Short description]<br/>
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| − | <br/>
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| − | == Thursday, February 28th<br/> ==
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| − | === MES Opening Session<br/> ===
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| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1"
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" | '''Time: 9:00am - 11:00am'''<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" |
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| − | 9:00 am<br/>Welcome note''': '''Prof. Dr. Paul Uwe Thamsen, Vice President of Technische Universität Berlin<br/>
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| − | 9:15 am<br/>Keynote: [http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2013/01/04/patricia-kawagga/ Patricia Kawagga] , Coordinator at [http://www.rea.or.ug/ Rural Electrification Agency], Uganda
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| − | 9:45 am<br/>Keynote: [http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2013/01/04/daniel-kammen/ Daniel Kammen], Professor in the [http://erg.berkeley.edu/ Energy and Resources Group], [http://www.berkeley.edu/index.html University of California, Berkeley]
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| − | 10:15 am<br/>Energy Research at TU Berlin, Prof. Dr. Felix Ziegler
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| − | 10:30 am<br/>Introduction to the [http://www.umweltpruefung.tu-berlin.de/microenergysystems/menue/forschungsschwerpunkt_mikroenergie-systeme/parameter/en/ Postgraduate Program Microenergy Systems]
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| − | 11:00 am<br/>Introduction to the Conference Program<br/>
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| − | |}
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| − | <br/>
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| − | === Block I: Parallel Research Presentation Sessions<br/> ===
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" | '''Time: 11:15am - 1:00pm'''<br/>
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| − | <br/>
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| − | ==== Microenergy-Systems and Agriculture<br/> ====
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| − | <br/>
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| − | ==== Potential Analysis of Microenergy Systems<br/> ====
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| − | ==== MES in Infrastructure Planning – The Challenge of Decentralization<br/> ====
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| − | <br/>
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| − | ==== '''The Potential of Mini Grids and Critical Factors'''<br/> ====
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| − | ===== '''Overview''' =====
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| − | Universal energy access remains a challenge despite being essential in enabling human development. There are 1.3 billion people without electricity worldwide (International Energy Agency [IEA], 2011) while electricity is the essential basis for the improvement of elementary needs, like light, communication, education, health and safety. Further, electricity has been repeatedly linked to poverty reduction.
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| − | Over 80% of the 1.3 billion lacking electricity live in rural areas and therefore, self-sustaining island systems (mini-grids) are mostly the only possibility to bring electricity and to grow local economy. In consequence of rising fuel prices, renewable energies have become more interesting to bridge the energy gap.<br/>
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| − | ===== '''Comprehensive Country Ranking for Renewable Energy Based Mini-Grids Providing Rural Off-Grid Electrification ''by C. Breyer – Reiner Lemoine Institut''''' =====
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| − | ====== '''Motivation''' ======
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| − | Mini-grids offer ideal conditions for a grid independent electricity supply. When they are renewable energy based, become a key element for rural electrification. Nevertheless there is not only a necessity of sustainable business models for energy supplying of hundreds of millions of people, but also a comparison of all countries need to be done in order to identify the most important players on this field.
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| − | ====== '''Methodology for the country ranking''' ======
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| − | The methodology for the study was aimed to identify the hugest market potential and the best political and financial environments. Due to this the next exclusion criteria and their respective weighting was considered:
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| − | *Electrification rates over 95 % and less than 200,000 people in rural areas without electricity (98 countries excluded)
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| − | *High political instability (considering the travel warning issued by the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs – April 2012 – and the worldwide governance indicator < 5%).
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| − | *Very low diesel prices
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| − | *Criteria not included:
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| − | **No quantification possible
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| − | **Not available on a global scale
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| − | <br/>
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| − | ====== '''Weighting and scoring of each criterion''' ======
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| − | The weighting and scoring of each criterion was proposed by the authors as follows:
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| − | '''A: Market potential [40 %]'''
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| − | • 30 % - Electrification rate [World Bank, IEA, UNDP]
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| − | • 50 % - Rural population without access to electricity [calculated]
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| − | • 20 % - Pump price for diesel fuel [World Bank]<br/>
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| − | '''B: Political and financial environment [60 %]'''
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| − | • 15 % - Political stability [World Bank]
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| − | • 20 % - Corruption perceptions index [Transparency Int]
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| − | • 15 % - Inflation [World Bank]
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| − | • 50 % - Ease of doing business index [World Bank]<br/>======
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| − | ====== '''Results of the country ranking considering the proposed criterion''' ======
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| − | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" style="width: 618px;"
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| − | '''Rank'''
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| − | '''Country'''
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| − | | style="width:85px;height:8px;" |
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| − | '''Electrification rate [%]'''
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| − | | style="width:102px;height:8px;" |
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| − | '''Rural population without access to electricity'''
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| − | | style="width:132px;height:8px;" |
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| − | '''Worldwide governance indicators: political stability [%]'''
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| − | | style="width:94px;height:8px;" |
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| − | '''Pump price for diesel fuel [USD/liter]'''
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| − | | style="width:66px;height:8px;" |
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| − | '''GDP per capita [USD]'''
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| − | | style="width:42px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 1
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| − | | style="width:96px;height:8px;" |
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| − | Rwanda
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| − | | style="width:85px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 5
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| − | | style="width:102px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 8.5 mio
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:132px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 41.5
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:94px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 1.62
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:66px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 530
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| − | | |
| − | |-
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| − | | style="width:42px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 2
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:96px;height:8px;" |
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| − | Zambia
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:85px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 19
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:102px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 8.0 mio
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:132px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 63.7
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:94px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 1.52
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:66px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 1,250
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| − | | |
| − | |-
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| − | | style="width:42px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 3
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:96px;height:8px;" |
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| − | South Africa
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:85px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 75
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:102px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 8.6 mio
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:132px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 44.3
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| − | | style="width:94px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 1.14
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| − | | style="width:66px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 7,280
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| − | | |
| − | |-
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| − | | style="width:42px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 4
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:96px;height:8px;" |
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| − | Botswana
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:85px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 45
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:102px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 0.7 mio
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| − | | style="width:132px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 78.3
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| − | | style="width:94px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 0.97 | |
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| − | | style="width:66px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 7,400
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| − | | |
| − | |-
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| − | | style="width:42px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 5
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:96px;height:8px;" |
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| − | Namibia
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:85px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 34
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:102px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 1.2 mio
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:132px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 71.7
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:94px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 1.09
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:66px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 5,330
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| − | | |
| − | |-
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| − | | style="width:42px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 6
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:96px;height:8px;" |
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| − | Ghana
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:85px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 61
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:102px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 9.1 mio
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:132px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 47.6
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:94px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 0.83
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:66px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 1,320
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| − | | |
| − | |-
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| − | | style="width:42px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 7
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:96px;height:8px;" |
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| − | Kenya
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:85px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 16
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:102px;height:8px;" |
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| − | 29.9 mio
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:132px;height:8px;" |
| |
| − | 13.7
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:94px;height:8px;" |
| |
| − | 1.27
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:66px;height:8px;" |
| |
| − | 790
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="width:42px;height:8px;" |
| |
| − | 8
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:96px;height:8px;" |
| |
| − | Uganda
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:85px;height:8px;" |
| |
| − | 9
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:102px;height:8px;" |
| |
| − | 27.8 mio
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:132px;height:8px;" |
| |
| − | 15.6
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:94px;height:8px;" |
| |
| − | 1.11
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:66px;height:8px;" |
| |
| − | 510
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="width:42px;height:8px;" |
| |
| − | 9
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:96px;height:8px;" |
| |
| − | United Republic of Tanzania
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:85px;height:8px;" |
| |
| − | 14
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:102px;height:8px;" |
| |
| − | 32.3 mio
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:132px;height:8px;" |
| |
| − | 45.8
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:94px;height:8px;" |
| |
| − | 1.19
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:66px;height:8px;" |
| |
| − | 520
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="width:42px;height:13px;" |
| |
| − | 10
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:96px;height:13px;" |
| |
| − | Peru
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:85px;height:13px;" |
| |
| − | 86
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:102px;height:13px;" |
| |
| − | 5.9 mio
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:132px;height:13px;" |
| |
| − | 20.3
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:94px;height:13px;" |
| |
| − | 1.10
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:66px;height:13px;" |
| |
| − | 5,400
| |
| − | | |
| − | |}
| |
| − | <div style="clear:both;"></div>
| |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ====== '''Conclusions''' ======
| |
| − | | |
| − | The study reveals that:
| |
| − | *Good political and financial environment combined with high electrification needs are to be found especially in South and East Africa.
| |
| − | *Large market potential and poor political and financial environment are often found coupled and vice versa.
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>'''Q&A Session'''
| |
| − | *The specific criteria for minigrids have to checked at the end locally<br/>
| |
| − | *How was calculated the rural population???<br/>
| |
| − | *Taking into account the number of rural electrification per country (%) and number of poverty (%)
| |
| − | *Why some countries which do not have a clearly huge electrification rate were excluded?? (E.g. Bangladesh)
| |
| − | *Combination of market, political environment and the weighting and scoring
| |
| − | *Did you make a sensitive analysis for each variable??
| |
| − | *o Yes, it was done.
| |
| − | *Cost of finance – ability of finance (Setting a company up, infrastructure) How was it taken into account??
| |
| − | *Not considered because it was so extensive the investigation
| |
| − | *All the collected data is standardized and may not reflect exactly the situation in each country
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===== '''Potential of mini-grids and critical factors''' =====
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''by Dr. Teodoro Sanchez of Practical Action UK'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Based on practical studies and own experience, the Dr. Tedoro Sánchez of Practical Action identified the critical and important factors for the performance of small stand alone systems in rural areas:
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="height:1px;" |
| |
| − | '''Critical Factors'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="height:1px;" |
| |
| − | '''Important factors'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="height:1px;" |
| |
| − | '''a) Local context'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="height:1px;" |
| |
| − | '''a) Local context'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="height:1px;" |
| |
| − | Management
| |
| − | | |
| − | Local capacity
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="height:1px;" |
| |
| − | • Effective bill collection
| |
| − | | |
| − | • Household benefits from electricity
| |
| − | | |
| − | • Load factor
| |
| − | | |
| − | • Capacity to pay
| |
| − | | |
| − | • Cost of energy
| |
| − | | |
| − | • Community participation
| |
| − | | |
| − | • Low connection cost
| |
| − | | |
| − | • Source of energy
| |
| − | | |
| − | • Ownership
| |
| − | | |
| − | • Political interference
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="height:1px;" |
| |
| − | '''b) National Context'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="height:1px;" |
| |
| − | '''b) National context'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="height:1px;" |
| |
| − | Technical Assistance
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="height:1px;" |
| |
| − | '''• '''Degree of development of the village
| |
| − | | |
| − | • Market connection
| |
| − | | |
| − | • National capacity
| |
| − | | |
| − | • Legal framework
| |
| − | | |
| − | • Bureaucracy
| |
| − | | |
| − | • Proper tax frame
| |
| − | | |
| − | |}
| |
| − | <div style="clear:both;"></div>
| |
| − | New management models which build the capacity of communities to operate and manage energy schemes needs to be introduced in rural areas.
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Q&A'''
| |
| − | *How a difference between critical or important factor is done?
| |
| − | **First, a discussion of several specials from different areas is done in order to identify critical/important factors and finally a practical field investigation is done for verifying which of them were really critical or just important.<br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===== '''An Objectives Analysis for Improved Holistic Design of a Rural Electrification System''' =====
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''By Maizaklah Ayu Abdullah'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ====== '''Introduction and Motivation''' ======
| |
| − | | |
| − | Energy access programs should not focus on merely providing electricity services, but on delivering human development impacts. Existing approaches to rural electrification are oftentimes fragmented and leads to poorly designed systems. Integrating the rural electrification system’s social, technical and financial aspects calls for a more holistic design process, where the understanding of end user requirements and using their participation could lead to an instrument to achieve high-level goals of capability enhancement.
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ====== '''Methodology''' ======
| |
| − | | |
| − | In order to understand the expansion of system boundary including human capabilities and to incorporate human development goals in the earlier stages or rural system design process, a field work was carried out in Tonibung, Buayan. This community has a community-based Micro-hydro power plant. After the field work and to merge human development theory with engineering design process the Systems Engineering Modeling Language (SysML) was used. It depicts graphically the decomposition of a rural electrification system (Technical and social); allows to identify the main issue (Top level); has an expanded view of the system and keep track of the capabilities, needs and opportunities.
| |
| − | <br/> ======
| |
| − | | |
| − | ====== '''Results''' ======
| |
| − | | |
| − | The upper level of the SysML diagram represents the main system value. By solving lower levels this main value could be reached. The SysML allows as well to identify where the technical skills, knowledge transfer, Local institutions & Management skills, Environmental resource management, Technical artifact, Lowering costs and Economic activities are located.
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ====== '''Conclusions''' ======
| |
| − | | |
| − | It was presented a learning tool for the management of the energy use in order to make not only a change of the point of view of just giving electricity access, but also go give and develop full integrated solutions with energy management systems.
| |
| − | <br/> ======
| |
| − | | |
| − | ====== '''Q&A''' ======
| |
| − | | |
| − | 1. How the leader of the community was approached??
| |
| − | *The Leaders have to know, how in other communities mini-grids are working by visiting other sites. Community has to be a very active player in the system, they should suggest energy solutions, among others
| |
| − | *If there is no compromise of the community the project fails very quickly
| |
| − | | |
| − | 2. How is the social economy background of the communities? How is people taught to use it..
| |
| − | *They don’t handle money very often<br/>
| |
| − | *Basic education<br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===== '''Designing a Sustainable Model for Financial Viability of Decentralized Bio-fuel based Power Projects''' =====
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''By Debajit Palit'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ====== '''Introduction and Motivation''' ======
| |
| − | | |
| − | The study was carried out under the OASYS project, which have the objectives of having a cost effective and reliable off-grid electricity supply and assessing if local solutions have a scaling up and reproducibility.
| |
| − | | |
| − | The design of this model includes an analysis from the perspective of all key stakeholders: Project Implementing Agency: evaluate the techno-economic viability of SVO system based mini-grids to provide rural electricity services; Government: assess the financial burden of subsidies for making electricity affordable as compared to extending the central grid for rural electrification and the consumers: tariff within the payment capacity for availing the electricity services.
| |
| − | <br/> ======
| |
| − | | |
| − | ====== '''Methodology''' ======
| |
| − | | |
| − | The design of the system was analyzed with different mechanism and includes also possible solutions for its deployment:
| |
| − | *Estimation of Minimum Desired Price (MDP) of electricity under different operating conditions for ensuring viability of SVO systems
| |
| − | *Based on actual field performance data collected from a number of projects implemented under VESP
| |
| − | *Finding MDP from a consumer’s perspective and viability gap analysis to estimate any gap
| |
| − | *Possible mechanisms to bridge the gap and suggest breakeven price under different scenarios
| |
| − | *Suggests an integrated approach for ensuring long term ‘sustainable electrification’ with SVO systems as an option in the remote rural areas
| |
| − | | |
| − | ====== '''Conclusions''' ======
| |
| − | | |
| − | The model has a huge potential to generate employment through biofuel plantation and processing to enhance local income and at the same time generate electricity to serve the same area. But a sustainability condition taking into account the next points has to be present: Enabling policy, appropriate technology, local skills and innovative financing.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ====== '''Q&A''' ======
| |
| − | | |
| − | *The water for producing biofuel is enough for biofuel based mini-grids
| |
| − | | |
| − | Biofuel is produced by big plants and needs to be decentralized.<br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==== The Role of Energy in Development Processes<br/> ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | === Block II: Parallel Research Presentation Sessions<br/> ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1"
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" | '''Time: 2:15pm - 4:00pm'''<br/>
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Transition to Renewable Energies through Mini Grids<br/> ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Users Perspective<br/> ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Storage and Simulation<br/> ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Is there a Role for Microfinance in Decentralized Energy Supply?<br/> ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | === Networking & Market Place<br/> ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | Coffee Break (Room no. H1035, Main building)<br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1"
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" | '''Time: 4:00pm - 5:00pm'''<br/>
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==== UN Practitioner Network<br/> ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Energypedia<br/> ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==== MicroEnergy International<br/> ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | === MES Public Evening Session<br/> ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1"
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" | '''Time: 5:15pm - 6:00pm'''<br/>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" | 5:15 pm Welcome Note: Prof. Dr. Martina Schäfer, TU Berlin
| |
| − | 5:20 pm [http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2013/02/21/panel-discussion/ Public Session]: [http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2013/01/04/prof-dr-dr-klaus-topfer/ Klaus Töpfer], '''Rethinking Science: Energy Research & Sustainable Development'''<br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | === Evening Panel Discussion<br/> ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1"
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" | '''Time: 7:30pm'''<br/>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" |
| |
| − | '''Rethinking Remoteness – Access to Energy in Rural Areas and Megacities'''<br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Panelists:'''<br/>
| |
| − | *[http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2013/01/04/daniel-kammen/ Daniel Kammen], Professor in the [http://erg.berkeley.edu/ Energy and Resources Group], [http://www.berkeley.edu/index.html University of California, Berkeley]
| |
| − | *[http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2013/01/04/diarra-mahamadou-karamoko/ Diarra Mahamadou Karamoko], [http://www.malifolkecenter.org/ Mali Folkecenter for Renewable Energy]
| |
| − | *Susanne Rotter, [http://www.aw.tu-berlin.de/menue/chair_of_solid_waste_management/parameter/en/ Chair of Solid Waste Management], TU Berlin
| |
| − | *[http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2013/01/04/friedrich-barth/ Friedrich Barth], [http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home.html United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)]
| |
| − | | |
| − | Moderation: Sebastian Groh, Postgraduate Program Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin<br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | == Friday, March 1st<br/> ==
| |
| − | | |
| − | === Block III: Parallel Research Presentation Sessions ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1"
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" | '''Time: 9:00am - 11:00am'''<br/>
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Micro Gasifiers ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==== E-PSS: Turning good ideas into sustainable energy solutions ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Hybrid Systems ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | === Block IV: Parallel Research Presentation Sessions<br/> ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1"
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" | '''Time: 11:30am - 1:30pm'''<br/>
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==== The Impacts of Electricity ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Teaching Technology Tools: Building a global energy laboratory ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==== '''Business Models for Solar-Based Rural Electrification''' ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''"Business Models for Solar-Based Rural Electrification"'''
| |
| − | <div>
| |
| − | (Session minutes prepared by Phungmayo Horam)
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <u>Presentation 1.</u>
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''A Pricing Strategy for Micro Enterprises in Decentralized Electricity Generation Projects based on Renewable Energy'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | ''-'' ''K. Rahul Sharma, TERI India''
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Background'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | This paper analyses the economics of a Solar-PV based ‘Multi Utility Business Centre’ (MUBC) which provides electricity for productive applications. The project is carried out in India by TERI. It aims to provide decentralized power plant through solar energy and facilitates new business activities in three states in India. Electricity from a solar power plant facilitates a variety of business activities ranging from operating different appliances and machines such as fruit pulpers, water purifiers, grinders, driers, etc. Self Help Groups, Farmer’s Associations and Individuals from the surrounding villages access this SMU and utilize services for a fee.
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Objective'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | To develop a model for how different business activities in a decentralized solar powered business unit can be priced, cross-subsidized and what affect the ratio of equity to grant has at various points in the system
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Approach'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | One site among 7 such solar power Multi Utility Business Centers (MUBC) has been chosen for the study. The business unit charges a certain fee for each service provided. The unit itself is common property of the village, managed and owned by community members and not restricted to any one household. Surveys/FGIs/PRA techniques were utilized to estimate user demands, possible technical interventions for productive activities and ability to pay, among other factors, for the implementation of this MUBC.
| |
| − | | |
| − | The project framework is given as follows:
| |
| − | | |
| − | file:///C:/Users/MYPC~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif
| |
| − | | |
| − | Unit 1 – SPVPP
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Based on the Grant: Equity ratio, the Equity component has been used to calculate the LUCE (calculated considering outflows of annualised capital cost, operation and maintenance costs and battery replacement costs; and sale of electricity for cash inflows assuming an 8 kWp power plant operates for 350 days per year and produces 30 kWh per day). A sensitivity analysis was conducted for LUCE versus grant to equity ratio to determine the effects of the ratio on the LUCE and at what ratio the LUCE is equal to the current market price of grid electricity.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Unit 2 – MUBC
| |
| − | | |
| − | - The calculations lead us to the price per unit charged for each service provided. Annualized appliance capital cost, cost for units of electricity consumed for each service (on a per kilogram, hour or liter basis), appliance O&M including operator salary, logistics, inflation, taxes and profit margins. The percentage or money value of each of these components has been derived from the field survey conducted in 2012 in the same site and inputs from subject experts. This service charge is capped by an upper limit of the Ability To Pay (ATP) of customers, which depends either on prevailing market rates for the same service in nearby towns or on findings from the survey of potential customers.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Unit 3 – Customers/Users
| |
| − | | |
| − | - The customers either directly use the service (TV-DVD, Water) or Take the final product to the market to sell at a sale price that includes raw material cost, service charge from the MUBC, logistics, inflation, taxes and profit margins as per the requirement of the business and activity. This is capped by the upper limit of prevailing market rates of such products. This sale price is directly affected by the service charge from the MUBC which is further affected by the LUCE from the SPVPP.
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Results'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Effect of grant and equity ratio on LUCE
| |
| − | | |
| − | file:///C:/Users/MYPC~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif
| |
| − | | |
| − | In addition to the above, the effect of change in LUCE on the production cost of different services was determined as depicted for the manure mixer below:
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="603" style="width:603px;"
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="width:165px;height:34px;" |
| |
| − | '''LUCE (INR[USD]/kWh)'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:201px;height:34px;" |
| |
| − | '''Buying cost of electricity. (INR[USD]/kg)'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:237px;height:34px;" |
| |
| − | '''Total production cost (INR[USD]/kg)'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="width:165px;height:11px;" |
| |
| − | '''7[0.127]'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:201px;height:11px;" |
| |
| − | 0.21[0.003]
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:237px;height:11px;" |
| |
| − | 4.04[0.07]
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="width:165px;height:15px;" |
| |
| − | '''10[0.18]'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:201px;height:15px;" |
| |
| − | 0.3 [0.005]
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:237px;height:15px;" |
| |
| − | 4.19[0.07]
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="width:165px;height:12px;" |
| |
| − | '''15[0.27]'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:201px;height:12px;" |
| |
| − | 0.45[0.008]
| |
| − | | |
| − | | style="width:237px;height:12px;" |
| |
| − | 4.44[0.08]
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| − | | |
| − | |-
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| − | | style="width:165px;height:13px;" |
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| − | '''20[0.36]'''
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:201px;height:13px;" |
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| − | 0.6[0.01]
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| − | | |
| − | | style="width:237px;height:13px;" |
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| − | 4.68[0.08]
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| − | | |
| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | '''Discussion'''
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| − | | |
| − | The discussion revolved around the financing model of the project, the assessment of willingness to pay by the customers and the technical aspect of the project.
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| − | | |
| − | Q. 1. Participants were curious about the equity, debt and grant components of the project.
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| − | | |
| − | -Mr. Sharma stated that the project is largely financed through grant and that the equity component is below 3.4 % in all the cases. However he stated the important of increasing the equity component as societal awareness increases and that it will increases the accountability and ownership from the community managing the systems.
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| − | | |
| − | Q.2. What is the cost of management in the entire cost of the project?
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| − | | |
| − | - The cost of management ranges from 5-10% of the project cost. This is considered low as the system is managed by the community and NGOs.
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| − | | |
| − | Q. 3. How do you assess willingness to pay from the customers?
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| − | | |
| − | - Done through a survey with the customers. The service cost mostly depends either on prevailing market rates for the same service in nearby towns or on findings from the survey of potential customers.
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| − | | |
| − | Q. 4. What is the life span of the systems?
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| − | | |
| − | - Panel life is conservatively estimated at 15 years and battery life at 3 years.
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| − | | |
| − | Q. 5. How are the peak load managed?
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| − | | |
| − | - The peak load is management is done through smart metering
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | <u>Presentation 2.</u>
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| − | | |
| − | '''Micro financing decentralized solar energy systems in India: Problems in up scaling and mainstreaming'''
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| − | | |
| − | - ''Satish Pillarisetti, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, India''
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| − | | |
| − | '''Background'''
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| − | | |
| − | The project has been carried out by NABARD (''National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) ''to promote decentralized solar energy systems in India. The project is undertaken to compliment the efforts by the Indian central government, under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission, which aims to achieve 20 megawatts by 2022. The project is motivated by the rural banks-pioneers in financing solar home lighting units undertaken by Aryavart Gramin Bank in Utter Pradesh state in India.
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| − | | |
| − | '''Objective'''
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| − | | |
| − | Encourage replacement of non-renewable energy sources like fossil fuels, kerosene and diesel with solar PV and solar thermal off-grid applications of solar energy. The applications targeted are solar home lighting systems, thermal applications like water heaters, other power applications like irrigation pump sets and other electricity/power applications etc. The aim till 2013 is to produce 200 megawatts of off-grid solar power and further expand thereon.
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| − | | |
| − | '''Approach'''
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| − | | |
| − | The project offers financing schemes which complements the effort of the Indian Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. The funding of the scheme is given by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) of through Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency and administered by NABARD. NABARD provides 30% capital subsidy (through MNRE subsidy) along 50% as subsidized loan (5% interest per annum), the balance (20%) being the margin money. The loan is distributed through local commercial Banks and Rural Banks. This scheme makes it easier for customers to assess finance.
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| − | | |
| − | Some of the provisions under the schemes are:
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| − | | |
| − | Loan repayment period: Maximum of 5 years and Interest rate on NABARD refinance for Banks-2%.
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| − | | |
| − | NABARD refinances 100% of the loan with a repayment period of 5 years.
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| − | | |
| − | No collateral for loans up to INR 100,000 ($ 2,000).
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| − | | |
| − | Loan and subsidy amount together released to supplier by Bank on satisfactory installation.
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| − | | |
| − | Banks entered into an agreement with a local NGO and Extension Centre of Agricultural University (KVK) to popularize the scheme.
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| − | | |
| − | Benefits of solar energy, scheme details and finance facilities explained in detail through Audio-visuals and demonstration kits used.
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | '''Project outcome'''
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| − | | |
| − | Progress of the scheme was dismal in general. In 2011-12 all banks together financed only 45,034 units. A ground level analysis was done to assess the poor performance. It was learned that the scheme design itself was faulty. The two components of capital subsidy and soft loan made it cumbersome and compulsory refinance from NABARD dissuaded some banks which had surplus funds. Moreover Cooperative banking system with a network of 120,000 outlets excluded from the scheme.
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| − | | |
| − | Base on these findings the scheme was modified in 2012-13 to overcome some of the drawbacks observed. Refinance and soft loan parts were done away with and Subsidy fixed at 40 % of the unit cost. Interest rate charged would be as per the base rate fixed by each bank and some part of the paperwork was simplified with an easy subsidy flow system.
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| − | | |
| − | The way forward for the project is include cooperative banking system into the scheme to capitalize on the vast network of 120,000 outlets and banking sector has to take more interest in this scheme and it has to be mainstreamed as a regular credit product of banks. Secondly public private partnership mode for motivating and sensitizing borrowers and a mechanism for servicing and maintenance should be in built into the scheme. And lastly a number of organizations like SELCO Foundation, TERI etc. are working to popularize the scheme to take it to a take-off stage. In many areas they are working along with NABARD in pursuit of this goal.
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| − | | |
| − | '''Discussion'''
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| − | | |
| − | The discussions were mainly focused on the rational of the modification of the scheme, the marketing and operation of the scheme and the way forward for such schemes.
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| − | | |
| − | Q. 1. Why was there a need for changing the scheme from capital subsidy from 30% to 40% and how does it affect the adoption by the public.
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| − | | |
| − | - Mr Satish asserts that as discussed during the presentation, the new scheme was introduced to make it simpler. However the outcome cannot be assessed as the scheme is newly implemented.
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| − | | |
| − | Q. 2. How was the scheme marketed and operationalized?
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| − | | |
| − | - The scheme is marketed in collaboration with local NGOs and learning institutes. Moreover in some cases the branch manager of the banks identifies and employs local youth to market the scheme to the public. The identified local youth are given training by solar company/dealer to maintain the system and also provided with a maintenance kit. The bank pays an honorarium per month and small fee is also charged to the borrower. NGO and KVK also roped in local grassroots organizations like Farmers Clubs and Self-Help Groups to popularize the scheme. Operational guidelines were also issued in May 2011
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| − | | |
| − | <span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 0.85em;">Q. 3. What is the challenges way forward?</span>
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| − | | |
| − | - Mobilizing and building networks is still a challenge due to low social awareness about solar systems. Many other partners like cooperative banks, NGOs, farmers clubs etc. will need to be further explored. Along with it collaboration with other agencies both government and private will be explored.
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| − | | |
| − | <br/>
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| − | | |
| − | <u>Presentation 3.</u>
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| − | | |
| − | '''SOLAR LANTERNS TRANSFORMS LIFE IN RURAL TANZANIA'''
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| − | | |
| − | -Andrew Mnzava, Entrepreneur, Tanzania
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| − | | |
| − | '''Background'''
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| − | | |
| − | Tanzania has amongst the lowest electrification rate in Africa. The project tries to introduce decentralized source of lighting through solar energy in rural areas. As the cost of such systems requires high initial down payment the project introduces revolving loan funds to finance rural lighting systems in southern highlands of Tanzania.
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| − | | |
| − | '''Objective'''
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| − | | |
| − | Identify and utilize existing SACCO's network in rural areas and for financing, management and distribution of rural lighting systems.
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| − | | |
| − | '''Approach'''
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| − | | |
| − | Identify and review existing network of SACCOS in rural areas for their willingness to participate in the project. Once the SACCOS are identified then selected managers are trained in bookkeeping and overall project management. Rural home lighting systems are then procured from manufacturers/suppliers and supplied and managed through the SACCOS.
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| − | | |
| − | '''Project output'''
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| − | | |
| − | 40 SACCOS have been identified and successfully operational.
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| − | | |
| − | The types of solar lanterns supplied to the SACCOS from July-Nov. 2011 are given as follows
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | file:///C:/Users/MYPC~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | Further details of the project output is given below
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | file:///C:/Users/MYPC~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif
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| − | | |
| − | '''Discussion'''
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| − | | |
| − | The discussions were mainly focused on the selection of SACCOS, operation of individual SACCOS, business expansion, financing and quality of the product.
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| − | | |
| − | Q.1. How is the SACCOS selected and how long does it take to select a SACCOS and start operation?
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| − | | |
| − | - Selection of SACCOS is done mainly through initial screening process and discussion to assess willingness to participate. Once the SACCOS are selected the management informs regional corporate offices for new orders. The transfer of new orders takes 2 -3 months to reach the customers depending the distance of the SACCOS to the supplier. Cost of transportation is minimized by collaborating with other transport agencies.
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| − | | |
| − | Q.2. How does the business expand?
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| − | | |
| − | - Mainly through word of mouth amongst the SACCOS members.
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| − | | |
| − | Q. 3. How are the products financed?
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| − | | |
| − | - The product is financed through community revolving loan funds. In most cases customers make up to 60 % upfront cash payment.
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| − | | |
| − | Q. 4. How the product quality is marketed and how are complaints for defective products managed?
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| − | | |
| − | - The quality of the product is marketed during the training of SACCO's member. Guarantee labels in the products are illustrated and defective products are analyzed and repaired and if possible replaced.
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| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | <u>Presentation 4.</u>
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Business Models for Solar-Based Rural Electrification'''
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| − | | |
| − | '''''No Universal Model – One Global Approach'''''
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | - ''Hugo Niccolaï,'' ''Design engineer for stand-alone RE systems, EnR'Sud (France)''
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| − | | |
| − | '''Background'''
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| − | | |
| − | The research has been carried out in 18 months across South America, Africa and Asia. The study is conducted to evaluate business models for decentralized Solar-Based rural electrification.
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | '''Objective'''
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| − | | |
| − | Design bbusiness models for Solar-Based rural electrification
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | '''Approach'''
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| − | | |
| − | Decentralized business models for rural electrification in South America, Africa and Asia are evaluated to assess the best practices and design business models.
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | '''Project output'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | ''<u>Key learning:</u>''
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| − | | |
| − | All technologies are no longer an issue;
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| − | | |
| − | No universal systems;
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| − | | |
| − | No universal models;
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| − | | |
| − | “One shot” projects not sustainable alone;
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| − | | |
| − | Complementary strategies needed;
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| − | | |
| − | For regular sales: reducing upfront costs and getting regular payment.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ''<u>Microcredit challenges</u>''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Microcredit not well developed everywhere;
| |
| − | | |
| − | In general, difficult to associate with DRE - not directly creating income;
| |
| − | | |
| − | Action limited on existing microcredit areas;
| |
| − | | |
| − | MFI are intermediaries: need of local companies, local solar experts communicating directly with the end users;
| |
| − | | |
| − | Materials replacement and technicians visits usually not covered by microcredit.
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| − | | |
| − | Model adapted to existing infrastructures, services and technologies already in the country<span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 0.85em;"></span>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ''<u>Success factors</u>''<span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 0.85em;"></span>
| |
| − | | |
| − | Global approach of the country: existing technologies, infrastructures, local authorities;
| |
| − | | |
| − | Skilled and reliable field teams;
| |
| − | | |
| − | Ensuring customers satisfaction:
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Warranty
| |
| − | | |
| − | - After sales services
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Technicians support
| |
| − | | |
| − | Optimizing operation & Logistic:
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Local transportation well known
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Located areas to minimize costs
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| − | | |
| − | - Interactive database to follow customers and new beneficiaries<span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 0.85em;"></span>
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Discussion'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | The discussions were mainly focused on the nature of financing across the globe, role of international agencies for successful rural electrification programs and overall trend observed from successful case study.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Q. 1. What nature of financing model have you observed in the case studies?
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Finance is initially donor driven but sustained growth is mainly driven through community self financed and management. Prime example is successful operation of Gramin Shakti in Bangladesh.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Q.2. What is the role of international agencies for successful implementation of decentralized rural electrification projects?
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Though initial funding is required, long-term success and sustainability of any project will depend on the capacity building at the local level. Often for a small project with limited funding, traveling expenses by foreign experts to project site dries up considerable amounts of project funds. To avoid such cases local capacity building has to be prioritize in project planning.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Q.3. What kind of success trend do you see across all case studies?
| |
| − | | |
| − | -There is no universal model. Cases differ as per the local social and economic conditions. However in most case ensuring customer satisfaction, community participation, and ooptimizing operation and logistic of the project emerge as a major them for success.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Facing the Operational Challenges of Minigrids ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | === Block V: Parallel Research Presentation Sessions<br/> ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1"
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| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" | '''Time: 3:00pm - 5:00pm'''<br/>
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Energy SME Financing ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | In coopeartion with [http://www.sbi21.de/ SBI]
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Knowledge Management and Transfer for Microenergy Systems – Crossing Borders Worldwide ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | In cooperation with [https://energypedia.info/index.php/Main_Page energypedia]
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==== The Complexity of Cleaner Cookstoves: Challenges ranging from Improving Livelihoods to Managing Carbon Credits ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Swarm Electricity ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | === Closing Session ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1"
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" | '''Time: 5:30pm - 7:30pm'''<br/>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 759px" |
| |
| − | '''Rethinking Power: Designing an Energy System for Peace and Sustainability '''<br/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | 5:30 pm<br/>End note: [http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2013/01/04/prof-dr-dr-franz-josef-radermacher/ Prof. Dr. Dr. Franz Josef Radermacher], Expert in the field of socio-ecological market economy, one of the co-founder of the [http://www.globalmarshallplan.org/ Global Marshall Plan Initiative] and Professor for Informatics at Ulm University
| |
| − | | |
| − | 6:00 pm<br/>Closing Panel Discussion<br/>(in cooperation with NaturwissenschaftlerInnen-Initiative, Verantwortung für Frieden und Zukunftsfähigkeit e.V., [http://www.microenergy-foundation.com/natwiss/ NatWiss)]
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Panelists''':
| |
| − | *[http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2013/01/04/christine-worlen/ Christine Wörlen], Expert in the field of renewable energy policies and energy systems integration in the global south and north
| |
| − | *[http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2013/01/04/diarra-mahamadou-karamoko/ Diarra Mahamadou Karamoko], [http://www.malifolkecenter.org/ Mali Folkecenter], Mali, and Expert in development and financing of renewable energy enterprises in Mali
| |
| − | *[http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/2013/01/04/reiner-braun/ Reiner Braun], Executive Board at the German Scientists Association for Peace and Sustainability ([http://www.microenergy-foundation.com/natwiss/ NatWiss]) and the Managing Director of the Federation of German Scientists ([http://www.vdw-ev.de/index.php/en/ FGS])
| |
| − | | |
| − | Moderation: [http://www.microenergy-project.de/index.php?id=876 Noara Kebir], Managing Director at [http://www.microenergy-project.de/ MicroEnergy International]
| |
| − | | |
| − | 7:30 pm<br/>Farewell Note: Prof. Dr. Martina Schäfer and Students of the [http://www.umweltpruefung.tu-berlin.de/microenergysystems/menue/forschungsschwerpunkt_mikroenergie-systeme/parameter/en/ Postgraduate Program Microenergy Systems]
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| − | | |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | <br/> | |
| − | | |
| − | = Further Information =
| |
| − | | |
| − | *[http://www.microenergysystems.tu-berlin.de/conference/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Preliminary-Programm_1302251.pdf MES 2013 Programm]
| |
| − | *
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| | | | |
| | + | [[Category:Conference_Documentation]] |
| | [[Category:Microenergy_Systems]] | | [[Category:Microenergy_Systems]] |
| − | [[Category:Conference_Documentation]] | + | [[Category:Knowledge_Management]] |
