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Permissible Voltage Drop - Revision history
2024-03-29T12:36:15Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=Permissible_Voltage_Drop&diff=199673&oldid=prev
Johanna von Behaim at 15:13, 10 March 2017
2017-03-10T15:13:54Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:13, 10 March 2017</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l146" >Line 146:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/electrical-software/voltage-drop-calculations Spread sheet for voltage drop calculation]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/electrical-software/voltage-drop-calculations Spread sheet for voltage drop calculation]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br/></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">= References =</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /><br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /><br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Grid]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Rural_Electrification]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Electricity]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:India]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:India]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Electricity]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Rural_Electrification]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Grid]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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Johanna von Behaim
https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=Permissible_Voltage_Drop&diff=199667&oldid=prev
Johanna von Behaim at 15:12, 10 March 2017
2017-03-10T15:12:18Z
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<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:12, 10 March 2017</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l6" >Line 6:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 6:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Permissible Voltage Drop =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Permissible Voltage Drop =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The table below shows the maximum voltage regulation as any point of the distribution line:<ref name="Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. [Online] Available at: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line [Accessed 4 March 2017].">Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. [Online]fckLRAvailable at: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-linefckLR[Accessed 4 March 2017].</ref><ref name="Engineers Edge, 2017. Wire Voltage Drop Calculator and Equations. [Online] Available at: http://www.engineersedge.com/instrumentation/voltage_drop_calculator/wire_voltage_drop_calculator_12928.htm [Accessed 4 March 2017].">Engineers Edge, 2017. Wire Voltage Drop Calculator and Equations. [Online]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The table below shows the maximum voltage regulation as any point of the distribution line:<ref name="Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. [Online] Available at: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line [Accessed 4 March 2017].">Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. [Online]fckLRAvailable at: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-linefckLR[Accessed 4 March 2017].</ref><ref name="Engineers Edge, 2017. Wire Voltage Drop Calculator and Equations. [Online] Available at: http://www.engineersedge.com/instrumentation/voltage_drop_calculator/wire_voltage_drop_calculator_12928.htm [Accessed 4 March 2017].">Engineers Edge, 2017. Wire Voltage Drop Calculator and Equations. [Online]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fckLRAvailable </ins>at: http://www.engineersedge.com/instrumentation/voltage_drop_calculator/wire_voltage_drop_calculator_12928.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">htmfckLR</ins>[Accessed 4 March 2017].</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Available </del>at: http://www.engineersedge.com/instrumentation/voltage_drop_calculator/wire_voltage_drop_calculator_12928.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">htm</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[Accessed 4 March 2017].</ref></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l102" >Line 102:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 100:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Permissible Voltage Drop in [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">India_Energy_Situation</del>|India]] =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Permissible Voltage Drop in [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">India Energy Situation</ins>|India]] =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Official Guidelines from the National Electrical Code, published by the Bureau of Indian Standards in 2011 ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Official Guidelines from the National Electrical Code, published by the Bureau of Indian Standards in 2011 ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l137" >Line 137:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 135:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The article titled “Voltage Profile Improvement of Rural Distribution Network by Conductor Replacement” lists yet another value for the voltage drop. The paper claims that during peak load times in some cases the voltage drop at tail end sometimes reaches 36%. The article goes on the suggest that this voltage drop “can be reduced by taking measures like implementing High Voltage Distribution System (HVDS), ABC, and taking anti-theft measures. Without 100% metering, energy accounting and audit, significant reduction in the Technical and commercial losses cannot be achieved.”<ref name="Saini, J. S., Sharma, M. P. & Singh, S. N., 2014. Voltage Profile Improvement of Rural Distribution Network by Conductor Replacement. International Electrical Engineering Journal, 5(7), pp. 1490-1494.">Saini, J. S., Sharma, M. P. & Singh, S. N., 2014. Voltage Profile Improvement of Rural Distribution Network by Conductor Replacement. International Electrical Engineering Journal, 5(7), pp. 1490-1494.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The article titled “Voltage Profile Improvement of Rural Distribution Network by Conductor Replacement” lists yet another value for the voltage drop. The paper claims that during peak load times in some cases the voltage drop at tail end sometimes reaches 36%. The article goes on the suggest that this voltage drop “can be reduced by taking measures like implementing High Voltage Distribution System (HVDS), ABC, and taking anti-theft measures. Without 100% metering, energy accounting and audit, significant reduction in the Technical and commercial losses cannot be achieved.”<ref name="Saini, J. S., Sharma, M. P. & Singh, S. N., 2014. Voltage Profile Improvement of Rural Distribution Network by Conductor Replacement. International Electrical Engineering Journal, 5(7), pp. 1490-1494.">Saini, J. S., Sharma, M. P. & Singh, S. N., 2014. Voltage Profile Improvement of Rural Distribution Network by Conductor Replacement. International Electrical Engineering Journal, 5(7), pp. 1490-1494.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&nbsp;</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Further Information =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Further Information =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l151" >Line 151:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 146:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/electrical-software/voltage-drop-calculations Spread sheet for voltage drop calculation]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/electrical-software/voltage-drop-calculations Spread sheet for voltage drop calculation]</div></td></tr>
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Johanna von Behaim
https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=Permissible_Voltage_Drop&diff=199665&oldid=prev
Johanna von Behaim: /* Further Information */
2017-03-10T15:11:20Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Further Information</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:11, 10 March 2017</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/electrical-software/voltage-drop-calculations Spread sheet for voltage drop calculation]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/electrical-software/voltage-drop-calculations Spread sheet for voltage drop calculation]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Bureau of Indian Standards, 2011. ''National Electrical Code 2011. ''</del>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Online]<br/>Available at: <u></del>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S05/is.sp.30.2011.svg.html https</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">//law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S05/is.sp.30.2011.svg.html</del>]<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></u><br/>[Accessed 25 Febuary 2017</del>]<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. ''How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. ''</del>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Online]<br/>Available at: <u></del>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">//electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line</del>]<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></u><br/>[Accessed 4 March 2017</del>]<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Engineers Edge, 2017. ''Wire Voltage Drop Calculator and Equations. ''</del>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Online]<br/>Available at: <u></del>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://www.engineersedge.com/instrumentation/voltage_drop_calculator/wire_voltage_drop_calculator_12928.htm http</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">//www.engineersedge.com/instrumentation/voltage_drop_calculator/wire_voltage_drop_calculator_12928.htm]</u><br/>[Accessed 4 March 2017].</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">G Venkatraman,Consultant-Cpri, n.d. ''Growth Of Powersector And Industry in India, ''s.l.: Bangalore </del>Electricity <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Supply Company.</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Pandian, S. S., 2005. ''Calculating Voltage Drop in Power Distribution Systems. ''[Online</del>]<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br/>Available at: <u>[http://ecmweb.com/content/calculating-voltage-drop-power-distribution-systems http://ecmweb.com/content/calculating-voltage-drop-power-distribution-systems]</u><br/>[Accessed 4 March 2017</del>]<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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Johanna von Behaim
https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=Permissible_Voltage_Drop&diff=199659&oldid=prev
Johanna von Behaim at 15:10, 10 March 2017
2017-03-10T15:10:12Z
<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:10, 10 March 2017</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l2" >Line 2:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Introduction =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Introduction =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Voltage drops occur throughout the distribution network. However, it is necessary to regulate the voltage in order to ensure that these drops stay within a permissible range. High voltage drops, below the permissible level, can have many negative consequences. These result in an increase in the system maintenance cost and a decrease in the safety and performance of the network. Operating electrical equipment below its rated voltage can be dangerous as well as reducing the expected lifetime of the equipment. When inductive loads are operated below their rated voltage, they tend to overheat and consume more power. Resistive loads which are operated at a too low voltage will not be able to produce the desired output. Reducing the voltage by 10% will reduce the power output by 19%, since power output correlates to the voltage squared. A reduction in the network voltage can cause lights to flicker when other appliances are turned on.<ref name="Pandian, S. S., 2005. Calculating Voltage Drop in Power Distribution Systems. [Online] Available at: http://ecmweb.com/content/calculating-voltage-drop-power-distribution-systems [Accessed 4 March 2017].">Pandian, S. S., 2005. Calculating Voltage Drop in Power Distribution Systems. [Online]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Voltage drops occur throughout the distribution network. However, it is necessary to regulate the voltage in order to ensure that these drops stay within a permissible range. High voltage drops, below the permissible level, can have many negative consequences. These result in an increase in the system maintenance cost and a decrease in the safety and performance of the network. Operating electrical equipment below its rated voltage can be dangerous as well as reducing the expected lifetime of the equipment. When inductive loads are operated below their rated voltage, they tend to overheat and consume more power. Resistive loads which are operated at a too low voltage will not be able to produce the desired output. Reducing the voltage by 10% will reduce the power output by 19%, since power output correlates to the voltage squared. A reduction in the network voltage can cause lights to flicker when other appliances are turned on.<ref name="Pandian, S. S., 2005. Calculating Voltage Drop in Power Distribution Systems. [Online] Available at: http://ecmweb.com/content/calculating-voltage-drop-power-distribution-systems [Accessed 4 March 2017].">Pandian, S. S., 2005. Calculating Voltage Drop in Power Distribution Systems. [Online]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fckLRAvailable </ins>at: http://ecmweb.com/content/calculating-voltage-drop-power-distribution-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">systemsfckLR</ins>[Accessed 4 March 2017].</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Available </del>at: http://ecmweb.com/content/calculating-voltage-drop-power-distribution-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">systems</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[Accessed 4 March 2017].</ref<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br/</del>></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Permissible Voltage Drop =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Permissible Voltage Drop =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The table below shows the maximum voltage regulation as any point of the distribution line:<ref name="Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. [Online] Available at: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line [Accessed 4 March 2017].">Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. [Online]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The table below shows the maximum voltage regulation as any point of the distribution line:<ref name="Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. [Online] Available at: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line [Accessed 4 March 2017].">Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. [Online]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fckLRAvailable </ins>at: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">linefckLR[Accessed 4 March 2017].</ref><ref name="Engineers Edge, 2017. Wire Voltage Drop Calculator and Equations. [Online] Available at: http://www.engineersedge.com/instrumentation/voltage_drop_calculator/wire_voltage_drop_calculator_12928.htm [Accessed 4 March 2017].">Engineers Edge, 2017. Wire Voltage Drop Calculator and Equations. [Online]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Available </del>at: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">line</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Available at: http://www.engineersedge.com/instrumentation/voltage_drop_calculator/wire_voltage_drop_calculator_12928.htm</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[Accessed 4 March 2017].</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[Accessed 4 March 2017].</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l81" >Line 81:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 77:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><br/></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Voltage variations in 33 kV and 11kV feeders should not exceed the following limits at the farthest end under peak load conditions and normal system operation regime.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Voltage variations in 33 kV and 11kV feeders should not exceed the following limits at the farthest end under peak load conditions and normal system operation regime.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l88" >Line 88:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 86:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Low voltage (-) 6.0% to (+) 6.0%</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Low voltage (-) 6.0% to (+) 6.0%</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sometimes it can be difficult to achieve the required voltage, especially in rural areas&nbsp;. Part of the reason for the high voltage drop in rural areas it due to the fact that these areas are usually further was from the electricity supplies. Therefore, the power lines have to be extended over long distances, resulting in higher line losses. Power theft is a further factor which can contribute to voltage drops in rural areas. In these cases, 11/0.433 kV rather than the usual 11/0.4 kV distribution transformers can be used.&nbsp;<ref name="Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. [Online] Available at: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line [Accessed 4 March 2017].">Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. [Online]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sometimes it can be difficult to achieve the required voltage, especially in rural areas&nbsp;. Part of the reason for the high voltage drop in rural areas it due to the fact that these areas are usually further was from the electricity supplies. Therefore, the power lines have to be extended over long distances, resulting in higher line losses. Power theft is a further factor which can contribute to voltage drops in rural areas. In these cases, 11/0.433 kV rather than the usual 11/0.4 kV distribution transformers can be used.&nbsp;<ref name="Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. [Online] Available at: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line [Accessed 4 March 2017].">Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. [Online]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fckLRAvailable </ins>at: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">linefckLR</ins>[Accessed 4 March 2017].</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Available </del>at: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">line</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[Accessed 4 March 2017].</ref></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br/></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Calculating a Voltage Drop =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Calculating a Voltage Drop =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l99" >Line 99:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 92:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The figurel below shows the basic formula for calculating t<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">he voltage drop in an electric circuit.</span><br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The figurel below shows the basic formula for calculating t<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">he voltage drop in an electric circuit.</span><br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Voltage Drop Calculator Formula.png|left|Basic Formula for Voltage Drop Calculation]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Voltage Drop Calculator Formula.png|left|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">458px|Basic Formula for Voltage Drop Calculation|alt=</ins>Basic Formula for Voltage Drop Calculation]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l107" >Line 107:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 100:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Furthermore, the ''electrical engineering portal’s website'' provides a [http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/electrical-software/voltage-drop-calculations spread sheet for voltage drop calculation].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Furthermore, the ''electrical engineering portal’s website'' provides a [http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/electrical-software/voltage-drop-calculations spread sheet for voltage drop calculation].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><br/></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Permissible Voltage Drop <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Regulation </del>in India =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Permissible Voltage Drop in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[India_Energy_Situation|</ins>India<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Official Guidelines from the National Electrical Code, published by the Bureau of Indian Standards in 2011 ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Official Guidelines from the National Electrical Code, published by the Bureau of Indian Standards in 2011 ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l134" >Line 134:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 128:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''The voltage drop between the origin of the installation (usually the supply terminal) and the fixed current-using equipment should not exceed 4 percent of the normal voltage of the supply.'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''The voltage drop between the origin of the installation (usually the supply terminal) and the fixed current-using equipment should not exceed 4 percent of the normal voltage of the supply.'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A greater voltage drop maybe accepted for a motor during starting periods and for other equipment with high inrush currents provided it is verified that the voltage variations are within the limits specified in the relevant Indian Standards for the equipment or, in the absence of a Indian Standard, in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Temporary conditions such as voltage transients and voltage variation due to abnormal operation may be disregarded.”<ref name="Bureau of Indian Standards, 2011. National Electrical Code 2011. [Online] Available at: https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S05/is.sp.30.2011.svg.html [Accessed 25 Febuary 2017].">Bureau of Indian Standards, 2011. National Electrical Code 2011. [Online]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A greater voltage drop maybe accepted for a motor during starting periods and for other equipment with high inrush currents provided it is verified that the voltage variations are within the limits specified in the relevant Indian Standards for the equipment or, in the absence of a Indian Standard, in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Temporary conditions such as voltage transients and voltage variation due to abnormal operation may be disregarded.”<ref name="Bureau of Indian Standards, 2011. National Electrical Code 2011. [Online] Available at: https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S05/is.sp.30.2011.svg.html [Accessed 25 Febuary 2017].">Bureau of Indian Standards, 2011. National Electrical Code 2011. [Online]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fckLRAvailable </ins>at: https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S05/is.sp.30.2011.svg.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">htmlfckLR</ins>[Accessed 25 Febuary 2017].</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Available </del>at: https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S05/is.sp.30.2011.svg.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">html</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[Accessed 25 Febuary 2017].</ref></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Training notes Published by the Bangalore Electricity Supply company ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Training notes Published by the Bangalore Electricity Supply company ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l150" >Line 150:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 142:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Further Information =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Further Information =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Technical_Aspects_of_Grid_Interconnection</del>|Energypedia – Technical Aspects of Grid Interconnection]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Technical Aspects of Grid Interconnection</ins>|Energypedia – Technical Aspects of Grid Interconnection]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://www.academia.edu/8169592/Voltage_Profile_Improvement_of_Rural_Distribution_Network_by_Conductor_Replacement Voltage Profile Improvement of Rural Distribution Network by Conductor Replacement]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://www.academia.edu/8169592/Voltage_Profile_Improvement_of_Rural_Distribution_Network_by_Conductor_Replacement Voltage Profile Improvement of Rural Distribution Network by Conductor Replacement]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://www.arpnjournals.com/jeas/research_papers/rp_2009/jeas_0409_169.pdf Electrical Energy Losses in Rural Distribution Feeders - A Case Study]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://www.arpnjournals.com/jeas/research_papers/rp_2009/jeas_0409_169.pdf Electrical Energy Losses in Rural Distribution Feeders - A Case Study]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l158" >Line 158:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 150:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/electrical-software/voltage-drop-calculations Spread sheet for voltage drop calculation]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/electrical-software/voltage-drop-calculations Spread sheet for voltage drop calculation]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><references /></ins><br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><references /></del><references /><references /><br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /><references /><br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">references </del>/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Bureau of Indian Standards, 2011. ''National Electrical Code 2011. ''[Online]</ins><<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">br</ins>/><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Available at: <u>[https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S05/is.sp.30.2011.svg.html https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S05/is.sp.30.2011.svg.html]</u><br/>[Accessed 25 Febuary 2017].</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Bureau of Indian Standards</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2011</del>. ''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">National Electrical Code 2011</del>. ''[Online]<br/>Available at: <u><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</del>://<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">law</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">resource.org</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">pub</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">bis</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">S05/is.sp.30.2011.svg.html</del></u><br/>[Accessed <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">25 Febuary </del>2017].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Electrical Engineerign Portal</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2013</ins>. ''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line</ins>. ''[Online]<br/>Available at: <u><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http</ins>://<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">electrical-engineering-portal</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">com</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line http:</ins>//<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">electrical-engineering-portal.com</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line]</ins></u><br/>[Accessed <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4 March </ins>2017].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Electrical Engineerign Portal</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2013</del>. ''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line</del>. ''[Online]<br/>Available at: <u>http://<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">electrical-engineering-portal</del>.com/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line<</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">u><br</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">>[Accessed 4 March 2017]</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Engineers Edge</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2017</ins>. ''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Wire Voltage Drop Calculator and Equations</ins>. ''[Online]<br/>Available at: <u><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</ins>http://<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">www.engineersedge</ins>.com/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">instrumentation</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">voltage_drop_calculator</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">wire_voltage_drop_calculator_12928</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">htm </ins>http://www.engineersedge.com/instrumentation/voltage_drop_calculator/wire_voltage_drop_calculator_12928.htm<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins></u><br/>[Accessed 4 March 2017].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Engineers Edge, 2017. ''Wire Voltage Drop Calculator and Equations. ''[Online]<br/>Available at: <u></del>http://www.engineersedge.com/instrumentation/voltage_drop_calculator/wire_voltage_drop_calculator_12928.htm</u><br/>[Accessed 4 March 2017].</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>G Venkatraman,Consultant-Cpri, n.d. ''Growth Of Powersector And Industry in India, ''s.l.: Bangalore Electricity Supply Company.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>G Venkatraman,Consultant-Cpri, n.d. ''Growth Of Powersector And Industry in India, ''s.l.: Bangalore Electricity Supply Company.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pandian, S. S., 2005. ''Calculating Voltage Drop in Power Distribution Systems. ''[Online]<br/>Available at: <u>http://ecmweb.com/content/calculating-voltage-drop-power-distribution-systems</u><br/>[Accessed 4 March 2017].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pandian, S. S., 2005. ''Calculating Voltage Drop in Power Distribution Systems. ''[Online]<br/>Available at: <u><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</ins>http://ecmweb.com/content/calculating-voltage-drop-power-distribution-systems <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://ecmweb.com/content/calculating-voltage-drop-power-distribution-systems]</ins></u><br/>[Accessed 4 March 2017].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Saini, J. S., Sharma, M. P. & Singh, S. N., 2014. Voltage Profile Improvement of Rural Distribution Network by Conductor Replacement. ''International Electrical Engineering Journal, ''5(7), pp. 1490-1494.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Saini, J. S., Sharma, M. P. & Singh, S. N., 2014. Voltage Profile Improvement of Rural Distribution Network by Conductor Replacement. ''International Electrical Engineering Journal, ''5(7), pp. 1490-1494.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:India]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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Johanna von Behaim
https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=Permissible_Voltage_Drop&diff=199656&oldid=prev
Johanna von Behaim: /* Calculating a Voltage Drop */
2017-03-10T15:07:11Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Calculating a Voltage Drop</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:07, 10 March 2017</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l93" >Line 93:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Calculating a Voltage Drop =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Calculating a Voltage Drop =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The figurel <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">alongside </del>shows the basic formula for calculating <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </del>voltage drop in an electric circuit.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The figurel <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">below </ins>shows the basic formula for calculating <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">t<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">he </ins>voltage drop in an electric circuit.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></span><br/></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[File:Voltage Drop Calculator Formula.png|left|Basic Formula for Voltage Drop Calculation]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br/></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>More detailed information on how to calculate the voltage drop in a distribution network can be found on the ''electrical construction and maintenance website'', under the following article: [http://ecmweb.com/content/calculating-voltage-drop-power-distribution-systems Calculating Voltage Drop in Power Distribution Systems], on ''engineers edge'' under [http://www.engineersedge.com/instrumentation/voltage_drop_calculations_10192.htm Voltage Drop Calculations] or on the ''electrical engineering portal'' under the article: [http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>More detailed information on how to calculate the voltage drop in a distribution network can be found on the ''electrical construction and maintenance website'', under the following article: [http://ecmweb.com/content/calculating-voltage-drop-power-distribution-systems Calculating Voltage Drop in Power Distribution Systems], on ''engineers edge'' under [http://www.engineersedge.com/instrumentation/voltage_drop_calculations_10192.htm Voltage Drop Calculations] or on the ''electrical engineering portal'' under the article: [http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Furthermore, the ''electrical engineering portal’s website'' provides a [http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/electrical-software/voltage-drop-calculations spread sheet for voltage drop calculation].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Furthermore, the ''electrical engineering portal’s website'' provides a [http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/electrical-software/voltage-drop-calculations spread sheet for voltage drop calculation].</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><br/></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Permissible Voltage Drop Regulation in India =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Permissible Voltage Drop Regulation in India =</div></td></tr>
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Johanna von Behaim
https://energypedia.info/index.php?title=Permissible_Voltage_Drop&diff=199649&oldid=prev
Johanna von Behaim: Created page with " = Introduction = Voltage drops occur throughout the distribution network. However, it is necessary to regulate the voltage in order to ensure that these drops stay within a ..."
2017-03-10T15:00:04Z
<p>Created page with " = Introduction = Voltage drops occur throughout the distribution network. However, it is necessary to regulate the voltage in order to ensure that these drops stay within a ..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div><br />
= Introduction =<br />
<br />
Voltage drops occur throughout the distribution network. However, it is necessary to regulate the voltage in order to ensure that these drops stay within a permissible range. High voltage drops, below the permissible level, can have many negative consequences. These result in an increase in the system maintenance cost and a decrease in the safety and performance of the network. Operating electrical equipment below its rated voltage can be dangerous as well as reducing the expected lifetime of the equipment. When inductive loads are operated below their rated voltage, they tend to overheat and consume more power. Resistive loads which are operated at a too low voltage will not be able to produce the desired output. Reducing the voltage by 10% will reduce the power output by 19%, since power output correlates to the voltage squared. A reduction in the network voltage can cause lights to flicker when other appliances are turned on.<ref name="Pandian, S. S., 2005. Calculating Voltage Drop in Power Distribution Systems. [Online] Available at: http://ecmweb.com/content/calculating-voltage-drop-power-distribution-systems [Accessed 4 March 2017].">Pandian, S. S., 2005. Calculating Voltage Drop in Power Distribution Systems. [Online]<br />
Available at: http://ecmweb.com/content/calculating-voltage-drop-power-distribution-systems<br />
[Accessed 4 March 2017].</ref><br />
<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
= Permissible Voltage Drop =<br />
<br />
The table below shows the maximum voltage regulation as any point of the distribution line:<ref name="Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. [Online] Available at: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line [Accessed 4 March 2017].">Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. [Online]<br />
Available at: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line<br />
[Accessed 4 March 2017].</ref><br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
'''Part of Distribution System'''<br />
<br />
| <br />
'''Urban Area (%)'''<br />
<br />
| <br />
'''Suburban Area (%)'''<br />
<br />
| <br />
'''Rural Area (%)'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
Up to Transformer<br />
<br />
| <br />
2.5<br />
<br />
| <br />
2,5<br />
<br />
| <br />
2.5<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
Up to Service Main<br />
<br />
| <br />
3<br />
<br />
| <br />
2<br />
<br />
| <br />
0.0<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
Up to Service Drop<br />
<br />
| <br />
0.5<br />
<br />
| <br />
0.5<br />
<br />
| <br />
0.5<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
'''Total'''<br />
<br />
| <br />
'''6.0'''<br />
<br />
| <br />
'''5.0'''<br />
<br />
| <br />
'''3.0'''<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Voltage variations in 33 kV and 11kV feeders should not exceed the following limits at the farthest end under peak load conditions and normal system operation regime.<br />
<br />
*Above 33kV (-) 12.5% to (+) 10%.<br />
*Up to 33kV (-) 9.0% to (+) 6.0%.<br />
*Low voltage (-) 6.0% to (+) 6.0%<br />
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Sometimes it can be difficult to achieve the required voltage, especially in rural areas&nbsp;. Part of the reason for the high voltage drop in rural areas it due to the fact that these areas are usually further was from the electricity supplies. Therefore, the power lines have to be extended over long distances, resulting in higher line losses. Power theft is a further factor which can contribute to voltage drops in rural areas. In these cases, 11/0.433 kV rather than the usual 11/0.4 kV distribution transformers can be used.&nbsp;<ref name="Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. [Online] Available at: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line [Accessed 4 March 2017].">Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. [Online]<br />
Available at: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line<br />
[Accessed 4 March 2017].</ref><br />
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= Calculating a Voltage Drop =<br />
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The figurel alongside shows the basic formula for calculating the voltage drop in an electric circuit.<br />
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More detailed information on how to calculate the voltage drop in a distribution network can be found on the ''electrical construction and maintenance website'', under the following article: [http://ecmweb.com/content/calculating-voltage-drop-power-distribution-systems Calculating Voltage Drop in Power Distribution Systems], on ''engineers edge'' under [http://www.engineersedge.com/instrumentation/voltage_drop_calculations_10192.htm Voltage Drop Calculations] or on the ''electrical engineering portal'' under the article: [http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line]<br />
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Furthermore, the ''electrical engineering portal’s website'' provides a [http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/electrical-software/voltage-drop-calculations spread sheet for voltage drop calculation].<br />
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= Permissible Voltage Drop Regulation in India =<br />
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== Official Guidelines from the National Electrical Code, published by the Bureau of Indian Standards in 2011 ==<br />
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&nbsp;“4.2.10 Voltage Drop in Consumers’ Installations<br />
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4.2.10.1 Acceptable values of voltage drop<br />
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Under normal service conditions the voltage at the terminals of any fixed current-using equipment shall be greater than the lower limit corresponding to the Indian Standard relevant to the equipment.<br />
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Where the fixed current-using equipment concerned is not the subject of Indian Standard the voltage at the terminals shall be such as not to impair the safe functioning of the equipment.<br />
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'''The requirements are deemed to be satisfied for a supply given if the voltage drop between the origin of the installation (usually the supply terminal) and the fixed current-using equipment does not exceed 5 percent of the normal voltage of the supply.'''<br />
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A greater voltage drop may be accepted for a motor during starting periods and for other equipment with high in-rush currents provided it is verified that the voltage variations are within the limits specified in the relevant Indian Standards for the equipment or, in the absence of an Indian Standard, in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.<br />
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…<br />
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&nbsp;4.8 Voltage Drop in Consumer’s Installations<br />
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Under normal service conditions the voltage at the terminals of any fixed current-using equipment shall be greater than the lower limit corresponding to the Indian Standard relevant to the equipment wherever existing. In the absence of such a standard, then the Voltage at the terminals shall be such as not to impair the safe functioning of the equipment.<br />
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'''The voltage drop between the origin of the installation (usually the supply terminal) and the fixed current-using equipment should not exceed 4 percent of the normal voltage of the supply.'''<br />
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A greater voltage drop maybe accepted for a motor during starting periods and for other equipment with high inrush currents provided it is verified that the voltage variations are within the limits specified in the relevant Indian Standards for the equipment or, in the absence of a Indian Standard, in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Temporary conditions such as voltage transients and voltage variation due to abnormal operation may be disregarded.”<ref name="Bureau of Indian Standards, 2011. National Electrical Code 2011. [Online] Available at: https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S05/is.sp.30.2011.svg.html [Accessed 25 Febuary 2017].">Bureau of Indian Standards, 2011. National Electrical Code 2011. [Online]<br />
Available at: https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S05/is.sp.30.2011.svg.html<br />
[Accessed 25 Febuary 2017].</ref><br />
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== Training notes Published by the Bangalore Electricity Supply company ==<br />
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While in theory the permissible voltage variation should be within +/-6%, in practice the supply voltage in many distribution systems varies by 10% or more. A voltage drops of 10% results in a 10-15% increase in the load current drawn by induction motors, a decrease in the starting torque of nearly 19% and an increase in the line losses in the distributer increase by 20%. '''Since most of the load in rural areas consists of induction motors, the line losses in the concerned distribution system might actually reach as high as 20''''''%. In an article published in the International Electrical Engineering Journal '''This situation can be addresses by “operating an ‘on-load-tap changer’ in the power transformer situated at 66/11 kV high voltage sub-stations and 33/11 kV sub-stations and by providing a combination of switched capacitors and automatic voltage regulators on the 11kV feeders.”&nbsp;<ref name="G Venkatraman,Consultant-Cpri, n.d. Growth Of Powersector And Industry in India, s.l.: Bangalore Electricity Supply Company.">G Venkatraman,Consultant-Cpri, n.d. Growth Of Powersector And Industry in India, s.l.: Bangalore Electricity Supply Company.</ref><br />
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== Article Published in the International Electrical Engineering Journal ==<br />
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The article titled “Voltage Profile Improvement of Rural Distribution Network by Conductor Replacement” lists yet another value for the voltage drop. The paper claims that during peak load times in some cases the voltage drop at tail end sometimes reaches 36%. The article goes on the suggest that this voltage drop “can be reduced by taking measures like implementing High Voltage Distribution System (HVDS), ABC, and taking anti-theft measures. Without 100% metering, energy accounting and audit, significant reduction in the Technical and commercial losses cannot be achieved.”<ref name="Saini, J. S., Sharma, M. P. & Singh, S. N., 2014. Voltage Profile Improvement of Rural Distribution Network by Conductor Replacement. International Electrical Engineering Journal, 5(7), pp. 1490-1494.">Saini, J. S., Sharma, M. P. & Singh, S. N., 2014. Voltage Profile Improvement of Rural Distribution Network by Conductor Replacement. International Electrical Engineering Journal, 5(7), pp. 1490-1494.</ref><br />
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= Further Information =<br />
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*[[Technical_Aspects_of_Grid_Interconnection|Energypedia – Technical Aspects of Grid Interconnection]]<br />
*[http://www.academia.edu/8169592/Voltage_Profile_Improvement_of_Rural_Distribution_Network_by_Conductor_Replacement Voltage Profile Improvement of Rural Distribution Network by Conductor Replacement]<br />
*[http://www.arpnjournals.com/jeas/research_papers/rp_2009/jeas_0409_169.pdf Electrical Energy Losses in Rural Distribution Feeders - A Case Study]<br />
*[http://ecmweb.com/content/calculating-voltage-drop-power-distribution-systems Calculating Voltage Drop in Power Distribution Systems]<br />
*[http://www.engineersedge.com/instrumentation/voltage_drop_calculations_10192.htm Voltage Drop Calculations]<br />
*[http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line]<br/><br />
*[http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/electrical-software/voltage-drop-calculations Spread sheet for voltage drop calculation]<br />
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<references /><references /><references /><br/><br />
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<references /><br />
<br />
Bureau of Indian Standards, 2011. ''National Electrical Code 2011. ''[Online]<br/>Available at: <u>https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S05/is.sp.30.2011.svg.html</u><br/>[Accessed 25 Febuary 2017].<br />
<br />
Electrical Engineerign Portal, 2013. ''How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line. ''[Online]<br/>Available at: <u>http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/how-to-calculate-voltage-regulation-of-distribution-line</u><br/>[Accessed 4 March 2017].<br />
<br />
Engineers Edge, 2017. ''Wire Voltage Drop Calculator and Equations. ''[Online]<br/>Available at: <u>http://www.engineersedge.com/instrumentation/voltage_drop_calculator/wire_voltage_drop_calculator_12928.htm</u><br/>[Accessed 4 March 2017].<br />
<br />
G Venkatraman,Consultant-Cpri, n.d. ''Growth Of Powersector And Industry in India, ''s.l.: Bangalore Electricity Supply Company.<br />
<br />
Pandian, S. S., 2005. ''Calculating Voltage Drop in Power Distribution Systems. ''[Online]<br/>Available at: <u>http://ecmweb.com/content/calculating-voltage-drop-power-distribution-systems</u><br/>[Accessed 4 March 2017].<br />
<br />
Saini, J. S., Sharma, M. P. & Singh, S. N., 2014. Voltage Profile Improvement of Rural Distribution Network by Conductor Replacement. ''International Electrical Engineering Journal, ''5(7), pp. 1490-1494.<br />
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[[Category:Grid]]<br />
[[Category:Rural_Electrification]]<br />
[[Category:Electricity]]<br />
[[Category:India]]</div>
Johanna von Behaim