Difference between revisions of "Photovoltaic (PV) for Health Centers - Project Experience"
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*<span style="font-size: 10pt">Monitoring visits / impact assessment</span> | *<span style="font-size: 10pt">Monitoring visits / impact assessment</span> | ||
<div> </div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt">Note that the institution is required to meet the costs for operation and maintenance, which includes replacement of batteries after approx. 4-7 years. This is a major reinvestment!</span> <span style="font-size: 10pt">It should also be noted that the institution has to stick to the uses that the system was designed for. Connecting additional buildings and appliances is not possible!</span> <span style="font-size: 10pt">If the institution wants to use computers or other appliances that require a lot of power, they should buy energy efficient ones from the start (e.g. laptops). If they want to use inefficient appliances, the system has to be much bigger and is therefore significantly more expensive for both parties. </span></div> | <div> </div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt">Note that the institution is required to meet the costs for operation and maintenance, which includes replacement of batteries after approx. 4-7 years. This is a major reinvestment!</span> <span style="font-size: 10pt">It should also be noted that the institution has to stick to the uses that the system was designed for. Connecting additional buildings and appliances is not possible!</span> <span style="font-size: 10pt">If the institution wants to use computers or other appliances that require a lot of power, they should buy energy efficient ones from the start (e.g. laptops). If they want to use inefficient appliances, the system has to be much bigger and is therefore significantly more expensive for both parties. </span></div> | ||
− | == Project Outputs & Technical Details == | + | == Project Outputs & Technical Details == |
− | <u><span style="font-size: 10pt">Total number of electrified institutions since 2006 | + | <u><span style="font-size: 10pt">Total number of electrified institutions since 2006</span></u><span style="font-size: 10pt">: 73, of which 55 are Health Centres (category II and III, see table below for definition). The remaining institutions are schools (mostly secondary boarding schools), orphanages, vocational institutions and youth centres. In the <u>current programme phase </u>(since June 2008) 32 solar PV systems have been installed in rural health centres. </span> |
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt">'''<span style="font-size: 9pt">Structure and health infrastructure of National Health System in Uganda</span>'''</div> | <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt">'''<span style="font-size: 9pt">Structure and health infrastructure of National Health System in Uganda</span>'''</div> | ||
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− | | + | <div><span style="font-size: 10pt">The <u>average size of solar PV system</u> installed is 630 W<sub>p</sub>. The systems range from 160 W<sub>p</sub> to 2580 W<sub>p</sub>. The earlier systems were standardized in terms of size (one system for lighting, one for cooling, if applicable one for staff quarters). Since 2008 the individual energy needs of each health centre are assessed and systems designed accordingly. Since then, system size has increased in comparison to the earlier systems. </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt">The <u>installed systems are majorily AC systems</u>. However, until last year (2009), the project still opted for DC systems in staff quarters and health centers that only needed electricity for lighting. The DC option has proven to be, albeit more efficient and cheaper, less convenient and effective. DC bulbs are more expensive than AC bulbs. Health Centres are hence less likely to replace blown DC bulbs than the cheaper AC bulbs. Furthermore, some Health Centres work with small appliances such as electric microscopes that do not consume a lot of energy and are therefore not covered in the energy assessment. These small appliances can only be used on AC power. In the staff quarters, DC systems have proven ineffective, because users do not make use of their DC sockets because they do not know where to buy the right adapters for radios and phone charging (some radios also don’t have the right outlets). Therefore since mid 2009 only AC systems are installed in Health Centres and their adjacent staff quarters. However, overusage is more frequent on AC systems than on DC ones. </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt">The <u>typical connected appliances</u> range from light bulbs (CFLs from 5-14 W depending on purpose – security light, general room lighting, medical spot light), energy efficient computers and printers, DC refrigerators to small medical equipment such as electric microscopes. Because GTZ PREEEP requires a 20 % contribution by the district government responsible for the Health Centres, the size and number of connected appliances also depends on the district’s budget and willingness to spend money. </span></div> |
− | <div><span style="font-size: 10pt">The <u>average size of solar PV system</u> installed is 630 W<sub>p</sub>. The systems range from 160 W<sub>p</sub> to 2580 W<sub>p</sub>. The earlier systems were standardized in terms of size (one system for lighting, one for cooling, if applicable one for staff quarters). Since 2008 the individual energy needs of each health centre are assessed and systems designed accordingly. Since then, system size has increased in comparison to the earlier systems. </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt">The <u>installed systems are majorily AC systems</u>. However, until last year (2009), the project still opted for DC systems in staff quarters and health centers that only needed electricity for lighting. The DC option has proven to be, albeit more efficient and cheaper, less convenient and effective. DC bulbs are more expensive than AC bulbs. Health Centres are hence less likely to replace blown DC bulbs than the cheaper AC bulbs. Furthermore, some Health Centres work with small appliances such as electric microscopes that do not consume a lot of energy and are therefore not covered in the energy assessment. These small appliances can only be used on AC power. In the staff quarters, DC systems have proven ineffective, because users do not make use of their DC sockets because they do not know where to buy the right adapters for radios and phone charging (some radios also don’t have the right outlets). Therefore since mid 2009 only AC systems are installed in Health Centres and their adjacent staff quarters. However, overusage is more frequent on AC systems than on DC ones. </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt">The <u>typical connected appliances</u> range from light bulbs (CFLs from 5-14 W depending on purpose – security light, general room lighting, medical spot light), energy efficient computers and printers, DC refrigerators to small medical equipment such as electric microscopes. Because GTZ PREEEP requires a 20 % contribution by the district government responsible for the Health Centres, the size and number of connected appliances also depends on the district’s budget and willingness to spend money. </span></div> | ||
<span style="font-size: 10pt">The <u>average cost for equipment and installation</u> rank at 11 EUR per Wattpeak (30,000 Uganda Shillings).</span> | <span style="font-size: 10pt">The <u>average cost for equipment and installation</u> rank at 11 EUR per Wattpeak (30,000 Uganda Shillings).</span> | ||
= GTZ AMES, Ethiopia = | = GTZ AMES, Ethiopia = |
Revision as of 15:04, 24 June 2010
This articles aims at compiling experience from past and ongoing PV programmes for rural health centers. For each project the following issues are covered:
I) Project Approach,
II) Project Outputs & Technical System Details,
III) Evidence for Impacts, and
IV) Lessons Learned.
GTZ-PREEEP, Uganda
Project Approach
- The institution should be located in Northern Uganda or another district where PREEEP is already active
- The institution could be a boarding school, a health centre, a vocational training centre or an orphanage.
- The institution should be located not less than 5 km from the nearest grid and should also not be in an area earmarked for grid extension in the next 10 years. If the grid is nearby and the costs for grid connection are low, PREEEP can also support grid connection.
- The institution should be willing to contribute a percentage of 20% of the overall cost of the proposed system and will be responsible for operation and maintenance.
- GTZ identifies institution /institution applies to GTZ
- Check whether selection criteria are fulfilled
- GTZ conducts survey of electricity requirements; this includes a sketch of the premises with measurements and distances between buildings
- GTZ designs the system and calculates the estimated costs incl. the 20% financial contribution by the institution
- GTZ gets back to the applicant and checks whether the institution is ready / able to pay the contribution and in which time frame (payment in instalments is possible); for public health centres, the partner is the District Health Office
- GTZ and institutions sign MoU that includes the amounts to be contributed by both partners and the payment schedule
- Institution transfers financial contribution to GTZ account
- GTZ launches procurement process
- Local company installs
- GTZ inspects installation
- Monitoring visits / impact assessment
Project Outputs & Technical Details
Total number of electrified institutions since 2006: 73, of which 55 are Health Centres (category II and III, see table below for definition). The remaining institutions are schools (mostly secondary boarding schools), orphanages, vocational institutions and youth centres. In the current programme phase (since June 2008) 32 solar PV systems have been installed in rural health centres.
Health unit
|
Physical structure/ services
|
Beds
|
Location
|
Target population
|
HC I (VHT)
|
None
|
0
|
Village
|
1,000
|
HC II
|
Outpatient services only
|
0
|
Parish
|
5,000
|
HC III
|
Outpatient services, maternity, general ward and laboratory
|
8
|
Sub county
|
20,000
|
HC IV
|
Outpatient services, wards, theatre, laboratory, blood transfusion
|
25
|
County
|
100,000
|
General Hospital
|
Hospital, laboratory, X-ray
|
100
|
District
|
100,000 to 1 million
|
RRH
|
Specialist services
|
250
|
Region (3 – 5 districts)
|
1 - 2 million
|
NRH
|
Advanced tertiary care
|
450
|
National
|
Over 20 million
|
The average cost for equipment and installation rank at 11 EUR per Wattpeak (30,000 Uganda Shillings).