Publication - Journal of Cleaner Production - Assessment of Hyrogen Direct Reduction for Fossil-Free Steelmaking
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Title
Journal of Cleaner Production - Assessment of Hyrogen Direct Reduction for Fossil-Free Steelmaking
Publisher
ScienceDirect
Author
Valentine Vogl, Max Ahman & Lars J. Nilsson
Published in
September 2018
Abstract
Climate policy objectives require zero emissions across all sectors including steelmaking. The fundamental process changes needed for reaching this target are yet relatively unexplored. In this paper proposes and assesses a potential design for a fossil-free steelmaking process based on direct reduction of iron ore with hydrogen. It is showed that hydrogen direct reduction steelmaking needs 3.48 MWh of electricity per tonne of liquid steel, mainly for the electrolyser hydrogen production. If renewable electricity is used, the process will have essentialy zero emsisions. Total prodcution costs are in the range of 361-640 EUR per tonne of steel, and are highly sensitive to the electricity price and the amount of scrap used. Hydrogen direct reduction becomes cost competitive with an integrated steel plant at a carbon price of 34-68 EUR per tonne CO2 and electricity costs of 40 EUR/MWh. A key feature of the process is flexbility in production and electricity demand, which allows for grid balancing through storage of hydrogen and hot-briquetted iron, or variations in the share of scrap used.
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