Type of On-Grid Activities

Grid Extension / Densification Approaches

• Community Rural Electrification Programme (CREP) Nepal

Type of Grid Activities

Grid extension: Benin, Ghana, Nicaragua, Nepal

Grid densification (with and without transformation): Bolivia, Peru, Mozambique, Uganda

Grid densification (with and without transformation) - 2: Bolivia, Peru, Mozambique, Uganda

Costs

	Benin	Ghana	Nicaragua	Bolivien	Peru	Mozambique
Costs/ Connection (€)	2000	5540	220-588	62	90	134
Tariff	Social tariff	Social tariff	Social tariff	Social tariff	Social tariff	Social tariff
Security of energy supply	Medium	Medium	High	High	High	high

Financial Support

	Benin	Ghana	Nicaragua	Bolivien	Peru	Mozambique
EnDev subsidy	70%	99%	100%	20%	22%	100%
Government	30%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
Utility	0%	0%	0%	0-80%	0%	0%
Customer	0%	1%	0%	0-80%	78%	0%

Additional Support

• Procurement support
• Developing local standards for grid connection
• Facilitating group applications for grid connections
• Training of local electricians for in-house wiring
• Training of consumers in energy use and efficiency
• Ex-ante savings for connection fees
• Introduction of installment payments of the connection fee linked to the electricity bills

Lessons Learned

• Some utilities are not interested in grid densification
• Poor households are often excluded in extension projects
• Some utilities have great difficulties to organize efficient procurement processes causing severe delays
• Free rider effect difficult to avoid (efficient selection process or accept the effect)
• Detailed monitoring is considered a burden and not always implemented
• In several countries power generation capacity cannot keep up withgrid extension
• In rural areas several households are connected to a meter to save the connection fee which can be legal or illegal according to national and local regulation. In some of these case voltage drop can be a severe problem