Publication - A Guide to Navigating Carbon Markets: Exploring the Potential for Eastern Africa

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Title
A Guide to Navigating Carbon Markets: Exploring the Potential for Eastern Africa
Publisher
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)
Author
Hanna-Mari Ahonen, Peris Waweru, Annika Wallengren, Alicia Schmid, Stephan Hoch, Carlotta Janne Frey
Published in
April 2025
Abstract
Carbon markets enable the trading of various types of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission units, each representing one metric tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e). They allow public and private actors to cooperate across national and sectoral boundaries to finance mitigation activities by trading these units. Market-based cooperation can enhance the flexibility and cost-effectiveness of mitigation action, mobilise private sector innovation and resources and enable higher climate ambition. Besides mitigation benefits, many carbon market activities can also generate other sustainable development co-benefits, such as energy access, ecosystem

services and job creation among others.

Public and private entities have various options for engaging in carbon market cooperation and they can choose from a range of privately, nationally and/or internationally supervised schemes, which have been evolving for over two decades.

The international rulebook for carbon market cooperation has been developed under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. One of the key outcomes of the 29 th session of the Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held in Baku, Azerbaijan, was the operationalisation of both Articles 6.2 and 6.4 of the Paris Agreement, concluding negotiations that had lasted for almost a decade. The decision on the Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (PACM) under Article 6.4 is stringent and enables this mechanism to become a global benchmark for environmental integrity in carbon markets. Coupled with novel approaches to ensure contributions to sustainable development, and to enable robust treatment of grievances, far-reaching reporting provisions set a good basis for trust in Article 6 markets. These markets will thus play a key role to achieve progress toward the goals of the Paris Agreement

in a cost-efficient manner.
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