View source for 28 kWp Solar PV Solution for Hotel in Uganda

== System Layout ==
<div class="grid grid-collapse">
<div class="width-1-2">The 28 kWp solar system is in captive power configuration with zero feed-in implementation. The objective of the solar solution is to reduce grid electricity costs. The grid parallel design without batteries is for direct consumption of produced solar electricity without temporary storage. Zero feed-in implementation ensures that no electricity is fed back to the grid in the event of potential surplus production which is a regulatory requirement.
<br/>
The flexible and scalable design basis provides the opportunity to extend the system in future. This can be the installation of more solar panels for increased generation capacity as well as the installation of a battery storage solution for the storage of solar electricity for night-time use and to provide a power back-up.
</div> 
<div class="width-1-2">
[[File:28kWpSolarSystem.png|link=File:28kWpSolarSystem.png]]
</div> 
</div>

== Operational Scenarios ==
The smart system control operates the solar system automatically. No manual action is needed if external conditions change to change operational mode. The different operational states, the system can be in are listed below.

=== 1. Full Generation ===
<div class="grid grid-small">
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Sunshine'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box box-green">Yes</div> 
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Grid'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box">Available</div> 
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Generator'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box box-green">Off</div> 
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Electricity Demand'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box">Consumption > Solar Generation</div> 
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Solar System State'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box box-green">'''Unlimited Generation'''</div> 
</div>

In its normal operational mode, the solar system is set for full generation and generates as much solar electricity as possible. All the power produced is directly fed to the consumers for immediate consumption. The facility is supplied with a solar + grid electricity mix. The amount of the demand exceeding the solar production is consumed from the grid.

=== 2. Limited Generation ===
<div class="grid grid-small">
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Sunshine'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box box-green">Yes</div> 
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Grid'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box">Available</div> 
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Generator'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box box-green">Off</div> 
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Electricity Demand'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box">Consumption < Solar Generation</div> 
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Solar System State'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box box-green">'''Limited Generation'''</div> 
</div>

If the electricity consumption at the facility is lower than the potential solar generation, solar generation must be reduced to ensure zero feed-in. Solar generation will automatically be reduced to avoid grid feed-back.

=== 3. No Sunshine ===
<div class="grid grid-small">
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Sunshine'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box box-green">No</div> 
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Grid'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box">''irrelevant''</div> 
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Generator'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box box-green">''irrelevant''</div> 
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Electricity Demand'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box">''irrelevant''</div> 
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Solar System State'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box box-green">'''No Generation'''</div> 
</div>

In the event of little or no sunshine, e.g. at night-time, no solar electricity can be generated and supplied to the facility. All the electricity will be consumed from grid or generator.

=== 4. No Grid ===
<div class="grid grid-small">
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Sunshine'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box box-green">''irrelevant''</div> 
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Grid'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box">No</div> 
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Generator'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box box-green">''irrelevant''</div> 
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Electricity Demand'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box">''irrelevant''</div> 
<div class="width-1-3" style="background-color: rgb(151, 191, 13)"><span style="color:white">'''Solar System State'''</span></div>
<div class="width-2-3 box box-green">'''No Generation'''</div> 
</div>

A grid parallel solar system requires another frequency building, leading power source for operation. If no grid is available solar electricity generation will be stopped and no solar power will be generated and supplied until grid is available again.

== Solar PV Panels ==
<div class="grid grid-collapse">
<div class="width-1-2">[[File:EquatorSolar-Panel-Hotel1.jpg|link=File:EquatorSolar-Panel-Hotel1.jpg]]</div> 
<div class="width-1-2">[[File:SolarPanel-Hotel-EquatorSolar2.png|link=File:SolarPanel-Hotel-EquatorSolar2.png]]</div>
</div>
== Inverters ==
<div class="grid grid-collapse">
<div class="width-1-2">[[File:Inverter-Hotel-EquatorSolar1.png|File:Inverter-Hotel-EquatorSolar1.png]]</div> 
<div class="width-1-2">[[File:Inverter-Hotel-EquatorSolar2png.png|File:Inverter-Hotel-EquatorSolar2.png]]</div>
</div>
== Smart Meter ==
<div class="grid grid-collapse">
<div class="width-1-2">[[File:SmartMeter-Hotel-EquatorSolar1.png|File:SmartMeter-Hotel-EquatorSolar1.png]]</div> 
<div class="width-1-2">[[File:SmartMeter-Hotel-EquatorSolar2.png|File:SmartMeter-Hotel-EquatorSolar2.png]]</div>
</div>
== System Operation ==
<center>[[File:SystemOperation-Hotel-EquatorSolar1.png|1000px|File:SystemOperation-Hotel-EquatorSolar1.png]]</center>
=== Monitoring ===
The solar system operation shall be monitored continuously. This includes system status monitoring for early fault detection as performance monitoring.

A weekly inspection of system components on sites shall be carried out by the on-site technician. This includes checking status and performance by reading the display of inverters and smart meter and a visual inspection.

The solar system controller is connected to the internet and the solar system can be monitored live online. The monitoring provides information about the current and historic performance and operation and also sends automatic alerts in case of errors. The online monitoring can be accessed through the Fronius Solar Web.

=== Solar Panel Cleaning ===
The solar panels have to be cleaned regularly for optimal system performance. Pollution or soiling, e.g. dust, bird droppings, block the sun from the solar panels and reduce solar production.

Cleaning has to be done with clear water and a sponge / brush.

In Uganda we usually recommend cleaning after every three month. However, this various depending how dusty the site is. When pollution is clearly visible or a reduction in solar production can be observed, earlier cleaning might be necessary.

=== Annual Inspection ===
A high quality solar system requires little to no maintenance. To ensure a good system condition and optimal performance we recommend an annual inspection.

The annual inspection should be carried out by a trained solar professional an includes technical and visual inspection plus performance verification.

== Sources ==
*[https://equatorsolargroup.com/ Equator Solar Systems Ltd.]
*28kWp Solar Solar PV Solution (Hotel). EquatorSolar Systems Ltd.

[[Category:Solar]]
[[Category:Uganda]]
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Innovation]]
[[Category:Photovoltaic (PV)]]