Difference between revisions of "Cooking with Coal"

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Coals are classified according to their degrees of coalification: the major ones are lignite (brown coal), bituminous (black coal), and anthracite.<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica http://www.britannica.com/science/coal-fossil-fuel"> Encyclopedia Britannica http://www.britannica.com/science/coal-fossil-fuel</ref> The most geological reserves of non-renewable energy forms consist of coal. The United States (31.4%) followed by China (25%), and India (10%) have the highest shares of black coal reserves in the world.<ref name="BGR (2010): Reserven, Ressourcen und Verfügbarkeit von Energierohstoffen https://energypedia.info/images/d/d9/Energiestudie-Kurzstudie2010-1-.pdf">BGR (2010): Reserven, Ressourcen und Verfügbarkeit von Energierohstoffen https://energypedia.info/images/d/d9/Energiestudie-Kurzstudie2010-1-.pdf </ref> Due to the higher energy content of black coal it is often exported, whereas brown coal is a regionally used energy source.<br/>
 
Coals are classified according to their degrees of coalification: the major ones are lignite (brown coal), bituminous (black coal), and anthracite.<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica http://www.britannica.com/science/coal-fossil-fuel"> Encyclopedia Britannica http://www.britannica.com/science/coal-fossil-fuel</ref> The most geological reserves of non-renewable energy forms consist of coal. The United States (31.4%) followed by China (25%), and India (10%) have the highest shares of black coal reserves in the world.<ref name="BGR (2010): Reserven, Ressourcen und Verfügbarkeit von Energierohstoffen https://energypedia.info/images/d/d9/Energiestudie-Kurzstudie2010-1-.pdf">BGR (2010): Reserven, Ressourcen und Verfügbarkeit von Energierohstoffen https://energypedia.info/images/d/d9/Energiestudie-Kurzstudie2010-1-.pdf </ref> Due to the higher energy content of black coal it is often exported, whereas brown coal is a regionally used energy source.<br/>
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{| style="width: 100%;  height: 372px" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
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|-
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! scope="row" | Type
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<ref>Brockhaus. DieEnzyklopädie (1996); F. A. Brockhaus Leipzig</ref><br/>
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! scope="col" | Lignite (Brown Coal)
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! scope="col" | Bituminous (Black coal)<br/>
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! scope="col" | Anthracite
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|-
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! scope="row" | <br/>
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|
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[[File:A Lignite university of kentucky.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Lignite]]<br/>
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| [[File:B bituminous coal chemical engineering.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Bituminous]]<br/>
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| [[File:C Anthracite Coal usgs.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Anthracite]]<br/>
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|-
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! scope="row" | <br/>
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| <p style="text-align: center">1.) [http://www.caer.uky.edu/liblinks.shtml Center for Applied Energy Research] University of Kentucky</p>
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| style="text-align: center" | 2.) [http://www.che.com/news/6368.html Chemical Engineering]<br/>
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| style="text-align: center" | 3.) [http://www.usgs.gov/ United States Geological Survey]
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|-
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! scope="row" | Carbon content [%]
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| style="text-align: center" | 60 – 75
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| style="text-align: center" | 75 – 91
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| style="text-align: center" | > 91.5
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|-
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! scope="row" | Energy content in MJ/kg
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| style="text-align: center" | < 28.6
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| style="text-align: center" | 28.6 – 35.2
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| style="text-align: center" | 35.3
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|}

Revision as of 12:50, 1 December 2016

Introduction

Coal is among the most important fossil fuels, accounting for 25% of total energy consumption and 40% of worldwide electricity generation.[1] It is not to be confused with charcoal. Coal is a black, solid, carbon-rich mineral, which is mined underground, while charcoal is the ultimate form of burnt wood.

Coal for Cooking

Coal is not so often found as a cooking fuel on its own, it is rather utilized in regions where cooking and space heating are combined. Due to its regional availability, coal is used for cooking e.g. in China and India. The World Health Organization does not recommend the use of unprocessed coal in households due to carcinogenic emissions and toxic elements such as fluorine, arsenic, lead, selenium, and mercury, which are not destroyed by combustion.[2]

Coals are formed in processes of decomposition and chemical conversion of immense masses of organic matter. This process is also known as coalification and means 'the gain in carbon content'. The process begins with peat as a parent material, is supported by increasing temperature and depth of burial, and ends with anthracite.

Coals are classified according to their degrees of coalification: the major ones are lignite (brown coal), bituminous (black coal), and anthracite.[3] The most geological reserves of non-renewable energy forms consist of coal. The United States (31.4%) followed by China (25%), and India (10%) have the highest shares of black coal reserves in the world.[4] Due to the higher energy content of black coal it is often exported, whereas brown coal is a regionally used energy source.


Type

[5]

 Lignite (Brown Coal) Bituminous (Black coal)
 Anthracite

Lignite
Bituminous
Anthracite

1.) Center for Applied Energy Research University of Kentucky

 2.) Chemical Engineering
 3.) United States Geological Survey
Carbon content [%] 60 – 75 75 – 91 > 91.5
Energy content in MJ/kg < 28.6 28.6 – 35.2 35.3
  1. ↑ Smith, K. et al. (2013): Energy and Human Health. Annual Review of Public Health http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114404
  2. ↑ WHO (2014): Frequently Asked Questions WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: household fuel combustion http://www.who.int/indoorair/guidelines/hhfc/FAQs_Nov2014.pdf
  3. ↑ Encyclopedia Britannica http://www.britannica.com/science/coal-fossil-fuel
  4. ↑ BGR (2010): Reserven, Ressourcen und Verfügbarkeit von Energierohstoffen https://energypedia.info/images/d/d9/Energiestudie-Kurzstudie2010-1-.pdf
  5. ↑ Brockhaus. DieEnzyklopädie (1996); F. A. Brockhaus Leipzig
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