Difference between revisions of "Frame Conditions for Planning Cooking Energy Interventions"

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[[File:GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|left|831px|GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|alt=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]<br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Basics about Cooking Energy|Basics]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Policy Advice on Cooking Energy|Policy Advice]] | '''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Planning Improved Cook Stove .28ICS.29 Interventions|Planning]]''' | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Improved Cookstoves .28ICS.29 Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing (ICS Supply)]]| [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cooking Energy Technologies and Practices|Technologies and Practices]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing (Woodfuel Supply)]]| [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Climate Change]]
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[[File:GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|left|831px|GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|alt=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]<br/><br/><!--
  
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Cooking Energy System |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cooking Energy Technologies and Practices|Cooking Energy System]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cooking Energy Technologies and Practices|Cooking Energy System]] {{!}} | }} <!--
  
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= The Cooking Energy System<br/> =
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Basics |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Basics about Cooking Energy|Basics]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Basics about Cooking Energy|Basics]] {{!}} | }} <!--
  
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Cooking Energy is a complex system which comprises issues related to the energy supply, the end user devices (e.g. cook stoves), and the user behaviour. While fuel supply and improved cook stoves have been given a lot of attention, the users’ capacity to manage the fuel, to handle the stove in the right way, and to manage the cooking process in an energy efficient way are the most difficult and neglected aspects of the cooking energy system. It is only through the way people use their resources, that the actual quality of the (energy) service is realized.
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Policy Advice |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Policy Advice on Cooking Energy|Policy Advice]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Policy Advice on Cooking Energy|Policy Advice]] {{!}} | }} <!--
  
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Planning |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Planning Cooking Energy Interventions|Planning]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Planning Cooking Energy Interventions|Planning]] {{!}} | }} <!--
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:100%;"
 
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| [[File:GIZ 2011 overview cooking energy system.jpg|thumb|center|400pxpx|Fig: Overview of cooking energy systems (GIZ 2011)|alt=GIZ 2011 overview cooking energy system.jpg]]<br/>
 
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | ICS Supply |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Improved Cookstoves .28ICS.29 Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing ICS Supply]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Improved Cookstoves .28ICS.29 Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing ICS Supply]] {{!}} | }} <!--
  
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<u>'''Key intervention areas for cooking energy'''</u>:<br/>80% of the cooking energy in developing countries is based on the use of biomass fuels, in particular firewood and charcoal. The key interventions of cooking energy are therefore focused on the supply and demand side of these wood fuels.
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Woodfuel Supply |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply]] {{!}} | }} <!--
  
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<u>These interventions are:</u>
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Climate Change |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Climate Change]]''' | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Climate Change]] {{!}} | }} <!--
  
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*Introduction and scaling up of the efficient use of improved wood fuel stoves;<br/>This includes both firewood and charcoal as well as the stoves and the stove management practices.
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Extra |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Extra]]''' | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Extra]] }}
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*Increase (sustainable) wood fuel supply and efficient wood fuel management;<br/>This includes afforestation, sustainable forest management, efficient charcoal production, and the fuel management at household level.
 
  
 
<br/>
 
<br/>
  
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However, improved efficiency of wood fuel consumption and increased wood fuel supply may not be sufficient to achieve a sustainable wood fuel supply-demand system, due to other competing demands of wood and land resources.
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= Introduction to Planning Cooking Energy Interventions<br/> =
  
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<u>As a result, a complementary third key intervention is required:</u>
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For planning the promotion of cooking energy interventions, it is important to take into consideration the entire Cooking Energy System.<br/>
  
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*Promotion of alternative cooking energy options (fuels, stoves and practices);<br/>This includes other biomass fuels, non-biomass fuels, and energy-efficient cooking practices.
+
Cooking Energy is a complex system which comprises issues related to the energy supply, the end user devices (e.g. cook stoves), and the user behaviour. While fuel supply and improved cook stoves have been given a lot of attention, the users’ capacity to manage the fuel, to handle the stove in the right way, and to manage the cooking process in an energy efficient way are the most difficult and neglected aspects of the cooking energy system. It is only through the way people use their resources, that the actual quality of the (energy) service is realized.<br/>
  
 
<br/>
 
<br/>
  
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= The National Political Framework Conditions for Cooking Energy<br/> =
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{| style="width: 100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"
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|-
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| [[File:GIZ 2011 overview cooking energy system.jpg|thumb|center|400px|Fig: Overview of cooking energy systems (GIZ 2011)|alt=GIZ 2011 overview cooking energy system.jpg]]<br/>
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|}
  
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Cooking energy is not always the key priority in national ministries dealing with energy matters. However, there still might be political ambitions, agendas, visions, prejudices against, and preferences for specific technical solutions which will impact on the perception of a planning process.
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<br/>
  
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In the preparation of the [[Process of Planning Cooking Energy Interventions#Inception Workshop|inception workshop]], it is therefore important to assess the national political frame conditions for the planning of ICS interventions.
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<br/><u>'''Key intervention areas for cooking energy'''</u><br/>
  
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<u>Here are some examples of questions which have been useful for [http://www.giz.de/en/ GIZ]:</u>
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<br/>80% of the cooking energy in developing countries is based on the use of biomass fuels, in particular firewood and charcoal.&nbsp;For this reason,&nbsp;the&nbsp;focus on&nbsp;interventions&nbsp;for cooking energy in this compendium is based on&nbsp;the supply and demand side of&nbsp;wood fuels.<br/>
  
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*What has happened nationally in the household energy sector in the past?
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<u>These interventions are:</u>
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*How much knowledge (and which) is still available on stoves, small business development, and marketing?
 
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*How much of this knowledge is available at the level of the ministry that is responsible for energy?
 
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*What is the guiding vision in the ministry concerning the future of cooking energy in the country?
 
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*What is the governments/ministries perception(s) and position(s) with regard to the use of wood fuels for cooking in rural and urban environments?
 
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*Are there strategies or policies regarding the use of specific fuels (e.g. a ban of charcoal?)
 
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*How do national ministries<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"></span>perceive alternative fuel options for cooking energy?
 
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*How realistic and serious are these positions (relevance for practical actions)?
 
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*Who is either involved in, or supposed to support, the household energy sector?
 
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*Are there other ministries (e.g. forestry, environment, agriculture) who have a mandate and policy/strategy in the field of household energy? (if Yes: What are their positions to the above?)
 
  
−
<br/>
+
*Introduction and scaling up of the efficient use of improved wood fuel stoves;<br/>This includes both firewood and charcoal as well as the stoves and the stove management practices.
 +
*Increase (sustainable) wood fuel supply and efficient wood fuel management;<br/>This includes afforestation, sustainable forest management, efficient charcoal production, and the fuel management at household level.
  
 +
However, improved efficiency of wood fuel consumption and increased wood fuel supply may not be sufficient to achieve a sustainable wood fuel supply-demand system, due to other competing demands of wood and land resources.
  
−
<br/>
+
<u>As a result, a complementary third key intervention is required:</u><br/>
  
 +
*Promotion of alternative cooking energy options (fuels, stoves and practices);<br/>This includes other biomass fuels, non-biomass fuels, and energy-efficient cooking practices.<br/>
  
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= (How) Do we reach the Poor?<br/> =
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<br/>
  
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Poverty reduction is the overarching goal of many development interventions. However, there can be a huge difference between ‘directly addressing the needs of the poor’ and engaging in actions where poverty reduction is an effect at the outer end of the result chain.
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The first step in this process is to agree who should be considered poor in the given environment. Usually there is a strata within “the poor” which can be instrumental in the process of identifying the right target group.
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<u>Generally, there are four concepts of how to specifically address very poor target groups:</u>
 
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#Promotion of '''“<u>non-cash</u>” '''solutions
 
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#Making “<u>'''special products'''</u>'''”''' for the poor available
 
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#Making '''“'''<u>'''special prices'''</u>'''”''' for the poor available
 
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#Reaching the poor by improving <u>'''social services'''</u>
 
  
 
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Each of these concepts has its specific rational and approaches. See the chart below.
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= The National Political Framework Conditions for Cooking Energy<br/> =
  
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Cooking Energy needs public sector support and&nbsp; planning of interventions is done within political frame conditions. National governments and their ministries responsible for energy matters have their own political visions and experiences which determine the political frame conditions for the planning process of improved <span data-scaytid="3" data-scayt_word="cookstoves">cookstoves</span> (ICS) interventions.<br/>
  
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[[File:GIZ HERA-reaching the poor.pdf|center|400pxpx|thumb|Fig: Reaching the Poor Publication (GIZ HERA)|alt=GIZ HERA-reaching the poor.pdf]]<div style="clear: both"></div>
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Cooking energy is not always the key priority in national ministries dealing with energy matters. However, there still might be political ambitions, agendas, visions, prejudices against, and preferences for specific technical solutions which will impact on the perception of a planning process.<br/>
  
 +
It is therefore important to assess the national political frame conditions for the planning of&nbsp;Cooking Energy&nbsp;interventions.<br/>
  
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“Non-cash” self-help stoves and highly subsidized stoves are effective in that they may facilitate quickly reaching many very poor people. However, it is not uncommon that the duration of impact for both of these approaches is rather short.
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<u>Here are some examples of questions which have been useful for [http://www.giz.de/en/ GIZ]:</u><br/>
  
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<u>This can be due to several reasons, including:</u>
+
*What has happened nationally in the household energy sector in the past?<br/>
 +
*How much knowledge (and which) is still available on stoves, small business development, and marketing?<br/>
 +
*How much of this knowledge is available at the level of the ministry that is responsible for energy?<br/>
 +
*What is the guiding vision in the ministry concerning the future of cooking energy in the country?<br/>
 +
*What is the governments/ministries perception(s) and position(s) with regard to the use of wood fuels for cooking in rural and urban environments?<br/>
 +
*Are there strategies or policies regarding the use of specific fuels (e.g. a ban of charcoal?)<br/>
 +
*How do national ministries<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"></span>perceive alternative fuel options for cooking energy?<br/>
 +
*How realistic and serious are these positions (relevance for practical actions)?<br/>
 +
*Who is either involved in, or supposed to support, the household energy sector?<br/>
 +
*Are there other ministries (e.g. forestry, environment, agriculture) who have a mandate and policy/strategy in the field of household energy? (if Yes: What are their positions to the above?)<br/>
  
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*If households produce their own stove themselves, they might not have much practice and the quality and life-span of such stoves could be low. This may lead to frustration and to a return to the baseline stove after some years.
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<br/>
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*The approach of giving stoves out for free or with a very high subsidy can work until the resources to finance such an approach are exhausted. However, as people deem the stoves as cheap or for free, it will be difficult to create a transition to a market-based approach later on.
 
  
 
<br/>
 
<br/>
  
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In contrast, the development of special products sold at commercial rates or supporting access through improved social services can take a much slower development path as compared to the free hand out approach. However, the results of this approach have often been much more sustainable.
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Commercialization of efficient stoves entails design standards, which enable professional stove producers to gain more routine in building stoves and create higher quality stoves. And because stove producers earn money, they have a strong interest in selling high quality products. This means stoves last longer, making them and the system more sustainable.
 
  
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= References<br/> =
 
= References<br/> =
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<references />
 
<references />
  
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<br/>[[Frame Conditions for Planning Cooking Energy Interventions#toc|►Top of the page]]<br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]
  
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[[Frame Conditions for Planning Cooking Energy Interventions#toc|►Top of the page]]<br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]
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{{#set:Hera category=Planning}}
  
 
[[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium_(GIZ_HERA)]]
 
[[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium_(GIZ_HERA)]]
 
[[Category:Cooking_Energy]]
 
[[Category:Cooking_Energy]]
 
[[Category:Improved_Cooking]]
 
[[Category:Improved_Cooking]]

Latest revision as of 12:59, 30 April 2018

GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png



Cooking Energy System | Basics | Policy Advice | Planning | Designing and Implementing ICS Supply | Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply | Climate Change | Extra


Introduction to Planning Cooking Energy Interventions

For planning the promotion of cooking energy interventions, it is important to take into consideration the entire Cooking Energy System.

Cooking Energy is a complex system which comprises issues related to the energy supply, the end user devices (e.g. cook stoves), and the user behaviour. While fuel supply and improved cook stoves have been given a lot of attention, the users’ capacity to manage the fuel, to handle the stove in the right way, and to manage the cooking process in an energy efficient way are the most difficult and neglected aspects of the cooking energy system. It is only through the way people use their resources, that the actual quality of the (energy) service is realized.


GIZ 2011 overview cooking energy system.jpg
Fig: Overview of cooking energy systems (GIZ 2011)



Key intervention areas for cooking energy


80% of the cooking energy in developing countries is based on the use of biomass fuels, in particular firewood and charcoal. For this reason, the focus on interventions for cooking energy in this compendium is based on the supply and demand side of wood fuels.

These interventions are:

  • Introduction and scaling up of the efficient use of improved wood fuel stoves;
    This includes both firewood and charcoal as well as the stoves and the stove management practices.
  • Increase (sustainable) wood fuel supply and efficient wood fuel management;
    This includes afforestation, sustainable forest management, efficient charcoal production, and the fuel management at household level.

However, improved efficiency of wood fuel consumption and increased wood fuel supply may not be sufficient to achieve a sustainable wood fuel supply-demand system, due to other competing demands of wood and land resources.

As a result, a complementary third key intervention is required:

  • Promotion of alternative cooking energy options (fuels, stoves and practices);
    This includes other biomass fuels, non-biomass fuels, and energy-efficient cooking practices.





The National Political Framework Conditions for Cooking Energy

Cooking Energy needs public sector support and  planning of interventions is done within political frame conditions. National governments and their ministries responsible for energy matters have their own political visions and experiences which determine the political frame conditions for the planning process of improved cookstoves (ICS) interventions.

Cooking energy is not always the key priority in national ministries dealing with energy matters. However, there still might be political ambitions, agendas, visions, prejudices against, and preferences for specific technical solutions which will impact on the perception of a planning process.

It is therefore important to assess the national political frame conditions for the planning of Cooking Energy interventions.

Here are some examples of questions which have been useful for GIZ:

  • What has happened nationally in the household energy sector in the past?
  • How much knowledge (and which) is still available on stoves, small business development, and marketing?
  • How much of this knowledge is available at the level of the ministry that is responsible for energy?
  • What is the guiding vision in the ministry concerning the future of cooking energy in the country?
  • What is the governments/ministries perception(s) and position(s) with regard to the use of wood fuels for cooking in rural and urban environments?
  • Are there strategies or policies regarding the use of specific fuels (e.g. a ban of charcoal?)
  • How do national ministriesperceive alternative fuel options for cooking energy?
  • How realistic and serious are these positions (relevance for practical actions)?
  • Who is either involved in, or supposed to support, the household energy sector?
  • Are there other ministries (e.g. forestry, environment, agriculture) who have a mandate and policy/strategy in the field of household energy? (if Yes: What are their positions to the above?)





References

This article was originally published by GIZ HERA. It is basically based on experiences, lessons learned and information gathered by GIZ cook stove projects. You can find more information about the authors and experts of the original “Cooking Energy Compendium” in the Imprint.



►Top of the page
--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium

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