Difference between revisions of "Sustainability Assessment of Improved Household Cookstove Dissemination"

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==> [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]
 
  
= <br>Sustainability Assessment of Improved Cookstove Dissemination  =
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[[File:GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|left|831px|GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|alt=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]<br/><br/><!--
  
The Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD-DAC) defines sustainability as “The continuation of benefits from a development intervention after major assistance has been completed. The probability of continued long term benefits. The resilience to risks of the net benefit flows over time.” Thus, sustainability of development projects means that its achievements will continue in the long term. Project’s outcomes will continue to be generated as well as impacts. Assessing the sustainability of an ongoing project is restricted to the estimation of the probability of its lasting effects.
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Cooking Energy System |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cooking Energy Technologies and Practices|Cooking Energy System]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cooking Energy Technologies and Practices|Cooking Energy System]] {{!}} | }} <!--
  
Experiences on dissemination or promotion of improved cooking stoves are numerous as stove projects have been carried out since the late 70ies all over the world. Many of them have been evaluated by the implementing agency or by donors. One comprehensive evaluation of successes and failures has been done by the World Bank in 1994.<br>Over the last 30 years GIZ has gained a lot of experiences in supporting the dissemination of efficient stoves. Based on own lessons learnt and with reference to the World Bank review, GIZ’s programme on Poverty-oriented Basic Energy Services (HERA) has now developed a detailed list with indicators for assessing sustainability.
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Basics |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Basics about Cooking Energy|Basics]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Basics about Cooking Energy|Basics]] {{!}} | }} <!--
  
<br>
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Policy Advice |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Policy Advice on Cooking Energy|Policy Advice]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Policy Advice on Cooking Energy|Policy Advice]] {{!}} | }} <!--
  
GIZ HERA differentiates between two categories:
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Planning |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Planning Cooking Energy Interventions|Planning]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Planning Cooking Energy Interventions|Planning]] {{!}} | }} <!--
  
'''a) Sustainability criteria '''which assess whether the changes induced by the project are sustainable or not;
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | ICS Supply |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Improved Cookstoves .28ICS.29 Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing ICS Supply]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Improved Cookstoves .28ICS.29 Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing ICS Supply]] {{!}} | }} <!--
  
'''b) Sustainability factors '''which influence the probability of achieving sustainable results.
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Woodfuel Supply |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply]] {{!}} | }} <!--
  
<br>'''a) Sustainability criteria'''  
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Climate Change |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Climate Change]]''' | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Climate Change]] {{!}} | }} <!--
  
Four elements have been retained as measurable sustainability criteria for improved cookstove programs: penetration rate, usage rate, maintenance rate, and replacement rate. The importance of building up markets for improved cooking stoves (ICS) is one of the lessons learnt during the last decade. However, not only the production and sale of a big number of improved stoves, but their usage and, ultimately, their replacement when they are broken characterise a sustainable stove market.
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Extra |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Extra]]''' | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Extra]] }}
  
'''b) Sustainability factors'''
+
<br/>
  
There are many factors influencing positively or negatively the penetration, usage, maintenance and replacement rates of improved stoves. GIZ HERA thus differentiates between factors which influence producers to continue producing and selling ICS; factors which promote continued high demand for ICS; factors which encourage ICS users to use, maintain and replace their stoves; and factors which enhance a supportive political framework for ICS markets. It is difficult to determine the relevance and influence of each single factor on the continuation of the project’s benefits after its end. They also might reinforce each other both in a positive but also in a negative way. Thus, the emphasis given to each one of the factors is highly contextual and may also vary from one project to another according to the various approaches used.
+
= Sustainability Assessment of Improved Cookstove Dissemination<br/> =
  
<br>This framework for sustainability assessment mainly refers to local artisanal or semi-industrial stove production. Many of the factors might also apply for imported stoves. However, the import of products raises further questions that are not fully considered here as GIZ’s focus has been on supporting the development and promotion of local production and demand.
+
<u>The '''Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ''''''([http://www.oecd.org/ OECD]-DAC)''' defines sustainability as:</u>
  
[[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium]]
+
#the continuation of benefits from a development intervention after major assistance has been completed
 +
#the probability of continued long term benefits
 +
#the resilience to risks of the net benefit flows over time.”
 +
 
 +
<br/>
 +
 
 +
Thus, a development project would be considered sustainable if its achievements continue in the long term. It needs to generate measurable impact and outcomes even after all external support has ended. An ongoing project’s sustainability can only be estimated by approximating the project’s long-term impacts.
 +
 
 +
Since the late seventies, stove projects have been carried out all over the world. Experiences on dissemination and promotion of improved cooking stoves are numerous. Many of these projects and experiences have been evaluated by implementing agencies or by donors. One comprehensive evaluation of successes and failures was carried out by the World Bank in 1994.
 +
 
 +
Over the last 30 years, GIZ has gained a lot of experiences in supporting the dissemination of efficient stoves. Based on its own lessons learnt and with reference to the World Bank review, '''GIZ’s programme on Poverty-oriented Basic Energy Services ([http://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/html/2769.html HERA])''' has now developed a detailed list with indicators for assessing sustainability.
 +
 
 +
<br/>
 +
 
 +
<u>GIZ HERA differentiates between two sustainability categories:</u><br/>'''1. Sustainability criteria, '''which assess whether the changes induced by the project are sustainable or not; and<br/>'''2. Sustainability factors''', which influence the probability of achieving sustainable results.
 +
 
 +
<br/>
 +
 
 +
== Sustainability Criteria<br/> ==
 +
 
 +
<u>Four elements are used as measurable sustainability criteria for improved cookstove programs:</u>
 +
 
 +
*penetration rate
 +
*usage rate
 +
*maintenance rate
 +
*replacement rate
 +
 
 +
<br/>
 +
 
 +
{| style="width: 100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
 +
|-
 +
! scope="col" |
 +
Sustainability Criteria for Improved Stove Dissimination
 +
 
 +
! scope="col" |
 +
Comment
 +
 
 +
! scope="col" |
 +
What to measure?
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
Penetration rate
 +
 
 +
|
 +
The higher the penetration of ICS amongst the target group, the more sustainable is the achievement (self-sustaining market; motivation through example by others)
 +
 
 +
|
 +
Penetration rate:
 +
 
 +
[(ICS owners x 100) / (total sample size)]
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
Usage rate
 +
 
 +
|
 +
Experience shows that some housholds acquire an ICS for other reasons than its usage. Hence the ICS ownership alone is not a relibale indicator for the sustainability of the behavioural change. The higher the usae of the ICS, the more accepted is the technology by the users; hence a more durable change of behaviour is achieved.
 +
 
 +
|
 +
Usage rate:
 +
 
 +
[(ICS users x 100) / (ICS owners)]
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
Condition rate
 +
 
 +
|
 +
If damaged stoves are mostly well maintained, it shows appreciation by the users and a preparedness to invest resources into the preservation of the ICS. Since a maintenance rate is very hard to measure, the more objective criterion of technical conditions is used.
 +
 
 +
|
 +
Condition rate:
 +
 
 +
[(stoves in use and fulfilling criteria of ICS) / (total stoves in use)]
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
Replacement rate
 +
 
 +
|
 +
If an ICS is damaged beyond repairs, the household is exposed to the ultimate sustainability test: going back to the baseline stove or replacing the old ICS with a new one.
 +
 
 +
|
 +
Replacement rate:
 +
 
 +
[(ICS replacement households x 100) / (households with replacement decision)]
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
The importance of building up markets for '''improved cooking stoves (ICS)''' is one of the lessons learnt during the last decade. However, not only are the production and sale of a big number of improved stoves important for a sustainable stove market but also the stoves’ usage and, ultimately, their replacement when broken.
 +
 
 +
<br/>
 +
 
 +
== Sustainability Factors ==
 +
 
 +
Many factors may positively or negatively influence the penetration, usage, maintenance, and replacement rates of improved stoves. GIZ HERA differentiates between four different categories of factors. <u>These are:</u>
 +
 
 +
*Sustainability Factors for the Supply Side
 +
*Sustainability Factors for Demand Side
 +
*Sustainability Factors for Stove Adoption
 +
*Sustainability Factors for Policy and Market Environment
 +
 
 +
<br/>However, it is difficult to determine the relevance and influence of each factor. Depending on the context of the project and the approaches used, these factors can play very different roles. Therefore, the weight given to each factor must be carefully thought out.
 +
 
 +
<br/>This framework for sustainability assessment refers mainly to local artisanal or semi-industrial stove production. Many of the factors might also apply for imported stoves. However, the import of products raises further questions that are not fully considered here, as GIZ’s focus has been on supporting the development and promotion of local production and demand.<br/>
 +
 
 +
<br/>[[File:Sustainability Factors and Criteria.jpg|755px|alt=Sustainability Factors and Criteria.jpg]]<br/>
 +
 
 +
<br/>
 +
 
 +
= Further Information<br/> =
 +
 
 +
*GIZ HERA / Verena Brinkmann, Katja Diembeck, Lisa Feldmann, Dr. Christoph Messinger, Tim Raabe (2014): [[:File:HERA Sustainability Assessment Framework 2014.pdf|HERA Sustainability Assessment of Improved Household Cookstove Dissemination.pdf]]
 +
*The sustainability framework was applied in a study carried out in Kenya in 2012/2013. It is used to evaluate to what extent a sustainable market has been created in areas where EnDev has phased out activities. A summary of the study is available here: [[Sustainability Assessment of Improved Cookstoves in Kenya|Sustainability Study Kenya]]
 +
*An article on measuring sustainability was published in the DandC magazine by Marlis Kees (2014): [http://www.dandc.eu/en/article/giz-has-developed-method-assess-market-potential-fuel-efficient-cookers http://www.dandc.eu/en/article/giz-has-developed-method-assess-market-potential-fuel-efficient-cookers]
 +
 
 +
<br/>
 +
 
 +
= References<br/> =
 +
 
 +
This article was originally published by [http://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/html/2769.html GIZ HERA]. It is basically based on experiences, lessons learned and information gathered by GIZ cook stove projects. You can find more information about the authors and experts of the original “Cooking Energy Compendium” in the [[Imprint - GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|Imprint]].
 +
 
 +
<references />
 +
 
 +
<br/>
 +
 
 +
[[#Sustainability_Assessment_of_Improved_Cookstove_Dissemination|Top of the page]]
 +
 
 +
[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]
 +
 
 +
{{#set: Hera category=ICS Supply}}
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Sustainability]]
 +
[[Category:Impacts]]
 +
[[Category:Improved_Cooking]]
 +
[[Category:Cooking]]
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[[Category:Cookstoves]]
 +
[[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium_(GIZ_HERA)]]

Latest revision as of 13:19, 4 September 2018

GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png



Cooking Energy System | Basics | Policy Advice | Planning | Designing and Implementing ICS Supply | Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply | Climate Change | Extra


Sustainability Assessment of Improved Cookstove Dissemination

The Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development '(OECD-DAC)' defines sustainability as:

  1. the continuation of benefits from a development intervention after major assistance has been completed
  2. the probability of continued long term benefits
  3. the resilience to risks of the net benefit flows over time.”


Thus, a development project would be considered sustainable if its achievements continue in the long term. It needs to generate measurable impact and outcomes even after all external support has ended. An ongoing project’s sustainability can only be estimated by approximating the project’s long-term impacts.

Since the late seventies, stove projects have been carried out all over the world. Experiences on dissemination and promotion of improved cooking stoves are numerous. Many of these projects and experiences have been evaluated by implementing agencies or by donors. One comprehensive evaluation of successes and failures was carried out by the World Bank in 1994.

Over the last 30 years, GIZ has gained a lot of experiences in supporting the dissemination of efficient stoves. Based on its own lessons learnt and with reference to the World Bank review, GIZ’s programme on Poverty-oriented Basic Energy Services (HERA) has now developed a detailed list with indicators for assessing sustainability.


GIZ HERA differentiates between two sustainability categories:
1. Sustainability criteria, which assess whether the changes induced by the project are sustainable or not; and
2. Sustainability factors, which influence the probability of achieving sustainable results.


Sustainability Criteria

Four elements are used as measurable sustainability criteria for improved cookstove programs:

  • penetration rate
  • usage rate
  • maintenance rate
  • replacement rate


Sustainability Criteria for Improved Stove Dissimination

Comment

What to measure?

Penetration rate

The higher the penetration of ICS amongst the target group, the more sustainable is the achievement (self-sustaining market; motivation through example by others)

Penetration rate:

[(ICS owners x 100) / (total sample size)]

Usage rate

Experience shows that some housholds acquire an ICS for other reasons than its usage. Hence the ICS ownership alone is not a relibale indicator for the sustainability of the behavioural change. The higher the usae of the ICS, the more accepted is the technology by the users; hence a more durable change of behaviour is achieved.

Usage rate:

[(ICS users x 100) / (ICS owners)]

Condition rate

If damaged stoves are mostly well maintained, it shows appreciation by the users and a preparedness to invest resources into the preservation of the ICS. Since a maintenance rate is very hard to measure, the more objective criterion of technical conditions is used.

Condition rate:

[(stoves in use and fulfilling criteria of ICS) / (total stoves in use)]

Replacement rate

If an ICS is damaged beyond repairs, the household is exposed to the ultimate sustainability test: going back to the baseline stove or replacing the old ICS with a new one.

Replacement rate:

[(ICS replacement households x 100) / (households with replacement decision)]

The importance of building up markets for improved cooking stoves (ICS) is one of the lessons learnt during the last decade. However, not only are the production and sale of a big number of improved stoves important for a sustainable stove market but also the stoves’ usage and, ultimately, their replacement when broken.


Sustainability Factors

Many factors may positively or negatively influence the penetration, usage, maintenance, and replacement rates of improved stoves. GIZ HERA differentiates between four different categories of factors. These are:

  • Sustainability Factors for the Supply Side
  • Sustainability Factors for Demand Side
  • Sustainability Factors for Stove Adoption
  • Sustainability Factors for Policy and Market Environment


However, it is difficult to determine the relevance and influence of each factor. Depending on the context of the project and the approaches used, these factors can play very different roles. Therefore, the weight given to each factor must be carefully thought out.


This framework for sustainability assessment refers mainly to local artisanal or semi-industrial stove production. Many of the factors might also apply for imported stoves. However, the import of products raises further questions that are not fully considered here, as GIZ’s focus has been on supporting the development and promotion of local production and demand.


Sustainability Factors and Criteria.jpg


Further Information


References

This article was originally published by GIZ HERA. It is basically based on experiences, lessons learned and information gathered by GIZ cook stove projects. You can find more information about the authors and experts of the original “Cooking Energy Compendium” in the Imprint.



Top of the page

--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium