Jordan Energy Situation

Overview

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Jordan Flag.png	Jordan Location.png
Capital	Amman (31°57′N 35°56′E)
Official language(s)	Arabic
Government	Constitutional monarch
King of Jordan	Abdullah II
Prime Minister	Marouf al-Bakhit
Total area	92,300 km2
Population	6,407,085 (2010 estimate)
GDP (nominal)	$99.129 billion
GDP Per capita	$4,435
Currency	Jordanian dinar (JOD)
Time zone	UTC+01
Calling code	+962

Energy Market

Overview Energy Market

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The Electricity Grid

Level of development of Jordan’s transmission network; 2000, 2005

Power line ratings	2000	2005
km
400 kV	809	871
230 kV	17	17
132 kV	2200	2512
66 kV	17	17

The Jordanian national interconnected grid transmits electricity from the power stations to the distribution substations and transformer substations in the various regions of the kingdom via 400-kV and 132-kV power lines. The star topography of the grid has a clearly identifiable north-south axis, along which the only 400-kV power line runs, from Aqaba in the south via Amman and up to the Syrian border. The only area in which the grid has a ring-shaped configuration is around the capital city.

In the north, the power grid is connected to the Syrian grid by means of a 230-kV and a 400-kV power line. In the south, there is a 400-kV connection to the Egyptian grid. The interconnected grid feeds the local distribution systems via which almost the entire population of Jordan receives its electricity. The overall length of the installed high voltage power lines (132 kV and 400 kV) is around 3,400 km.

The following table shows the level of expansion of Jordan’s transmission network in 2000 and 2005.

Installed Capacity

In 2005 the Jordanian interconnected power grid was supplied by an installed power station capacity of 1,873 MW. Compared with the previous year (1,643 MW), this was a capacity increase of 14%. The total power station capacity available nationwide, including the agreed import capacities, amounted to 2,019 MW in the same year. In addition to the power stations operated by the two state-dominated power producers, there are also a number of industrial enterprises that generate electricity in their own plants. Some of these also feed excess electricity into the Jordanian interconnected grid. Apart from these power sources, additional capacity can be called up when required from the Egyptian and Syrian grids. The four largest power stations are the station in Aqaba (656-MW steam power plant), the Hussein power station in Zarqa (396-MW steam power plant), the plant in Rehab (353-MW diesel-fired gas turbine) and a new combined-cycle power plant in Al-Risha.

Installed power plant capacity and available capacity (incl. imports) in Jordan; 2001-2005

	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
MW
Steam power plants	1013	1013	1013	1013	1013
Diesel generators	43	43	43	43	43
Gas turbine (diesel)	353	353	353	353	353
Gas turbine (natural gas)	120	120	120	120	120
Combined-cycle power station (CCPS)					300
Hydropower	10	12	12	12	12
Wind	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
Biogas	1	1	1	1	1
Installed capacity (total)	1541	1643	1643	1643	1873
Available capacity, incl. imports	n.a	1788	1788	1789	2019

Source: NEPCo

Electricity Generation

Of the roughly 9,650 GWh of electricity generated in Jordan in 2005, 82.5% came from steam power plants. 6.7% was generated in gas-turbine power stations fired with natural gas and a further 3.5% came from dieselfired power stations and diesel generators. Just under 6% was generated at what is to date the country’s only combined-cycle power plant located in Al-Risha.
Renewable energy sources account for only a minimal share of the electricity generated. In 2005, just 0.6% (57 GWh) of the electricity generated was sourced from hydropower. Biogas (5 GWh) and wind power (3 GWh) each accounted for less than 0.1%. The amount of electricity generated throughout the country by diesel generators (73 GWh or 0.7%) exceeds that generated from hydro, wind and biogas together (65 GWh).

Electricity generation in Jordan according to type of generation; 2000-2005

	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
GWh
Electricity sector	7144	7630	7489	8471	9138
Steam power plants	6240	6771	6430	7168	7524
Diesel generators	1	3	1	1	2
Gas turbines (diesel)	83	115	262	464	341
Gas turbines (natural gas)	769	680	746	776	648
CCPS					558
Hydropower	43	53	41	53	57
Wind	3	3	3	3	3
Biogas	5	5	6	6	5
Industrial sector	405	502	505	496	516
Steam power plants	364	434	428	422	445
Diesel generators	41	68	77	74	71
Total	7549	8132	7994	8967	9654

Source: NEPCo

Since the amount of electricity generated in Jordan has for some years been insufficient to cover the country’s needs, additional power is imported from Egypt and Syria. In 2005, 982 GWh was bought in, which was a good 9% of the electricity available in Jordan overall. Inside the country itself, electricity is generated by the two state-owned power producers, CEGCo and SEPGCo, by industrial self-generators and industrial enterprises.

Electricity Prices

In June 2002, electricity tariffs in Jordan were raised slightly for the first time since May 1996. 2003 and 2004 saw further moderate price increases. The last adjustment of tariffs took place in July 2005. The price structure is divided roughly into two segments: major customers (large power users) and end customers. The major customers grouping – which, in addition to industrial enterprises, also includes local power providers – pay a demand charge for every kilowatt of their maximum consumption. On top of this is a kilowatt-hour rate, which is lower at night than during the day.

The tariffs for end customers make a distinction between commercial customers and private households. The price of electricity for households rises progressively with the amount of electricity consumed. The two groups of end customers pay two different minimum monthly payments: for households 1.10 euro, for commercial customers 1.37 euro.

Development of electricity prices in Jordan; 1996-2005; prices in euros

	1996-2002	2002-2003	since 2005
Major customers
Power providers
Demand charge (€/kW/month)	2.63	2.63	2.63
Day-time tariff (€/kWh)	0.032	0.034	0.037
Night (off-peak) rate (€/kWh)	0.021	0.023	0.026
Large-scale industry
Demand charge (€/kW/month)	2.63	2.63	2.63
Day-time tariff (€/kWh)	0.052	0.053	0.053
Night (off-peak) rate (€/kWh)	0.035	0.035	0.035
End customers (excl. major customers)
Private households
1-160 kWh (€/kWh)	0.033	0.034	0.034
161-300 kWh (€/kWh)	0.057	0.060	0.065
301-500 kWh (€/kWh)	0.066	0.070	0.073
Over 500 kWh (€/kWh)	0.082	0.088	0.090
Trades and crafts	0.066	0.068	0.069
Light industry	0.040	0.042	0.045
Hotels	0.066	0.066	0.066
Water pumps	0.037	0.042	0.044
Street lighting	0.022	0.027	0.033

Source: NEPCo

Market Actors

In view of the annually increasing demand for electricity and the central role of electricity supply for economic development as a whole, the Jordanian Government decided back in 1997 to embark on a restructuring of the sector. The main objective of this reform was to increase the efficiency and performance capability of Jordan’s electricity sector, a goal that was to be achieved by among other things opening up the country’s electricity market and enabling private investors to participate in the expansion of the power sector. In the course of these measures, the power generation, transmission and distribution segments went through a process of unbundling. In place of the state authority, JEA, which until then had borne responsibility at all levels, separate businesses were formed, each of which operates in just one area.

Power generating companies

Central Electricity Generating Company (CEGCo)
This joint stock company, which has existed in its present form since 1999, operates the majority of Jordan’s power stations. In 2005, 94% of the electricity generated inside Jordan came from CEGCo power stations. All of the electricity the company generates is sold to NEPCo, which, alongside the Jordanian Government that itself holds 75% of CEGCo’s shares, is the only other shareholder of the national power provider.

Samra Electric Power Generating Company (SEPGCo)
This joint stock company was founded in 2003 and is 100% owned by the Jordanian state. It is responsible for running the combined-cycle power station in Al-Risha. In 2005, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources awarded SEPGCo the contact to build another 100-MW steam power plant. The Jordanian Government is planning to privatise the company as part of an international tendering process.

Power transmission companies

National Electric Power Company (NEPCo)
The national power company, National Electric Power Company (NEPCo), is a joint stock corporation whose capital is completely in the hands of the Jordanian state. It is responsible for expanding and operating the nationwide transmission network. NEPCo purchases the electricity from the producers as the sole buyer, in order to sell it on to the operators of the distribution networks. The company operates a national load-dispatching centre to coordinate the demand for and the supply of power.

Distribution companies

Jordan Electric Power Company (JEPCo)

In 2005, the distribution company supplied power to around 739,000 end customers in the four governorates Amman (capital), Zarqa, Madaba and Balqa. This added up to 4,793 GWh or 55% of the electricity consumed nationwide. The company was founded in 1947 as a joint stock company. The 50-year concession to generate and distribute electricity for the above-mentioned governorates, on which JEPCo’s business is based, is due to expire in 2012.

Irbid District Electricity Company (IDECo)
In 2005, this distribution company supplied power to around 251,000 customers in the four governorates Irbid, Mafraq, Jerash and Ajlun in the north of the country (1,210 GWh). Around 14% of the electricity consumed in Jordan was distributed to end customers via IDECo’s network. IDECo’s concession runs out sooner than JEPCo’s, in 2011. IDECo was established in 1961 as a privately owned power supply (distribution) company. So far, NEPCo still holds 55 % of the shares in the company, but it wants to sell these as part of a further phase of privatisation of the power supply sector.

Electricity Distribution Company (EDCo)
In those regions of the country for which neither JEPCo nor IDECo have a concession, end customers are supplied with their electricity by EDCo. In 2005 this amounted to 139,000 customers, receiving 1,427GWh or just over 16% of Jordan’s total consumption. EDCo came into being as a power supply company when the Jordanian electricity authority began to be unbundled. The company is state owned and is intended to be sold off within the scope of privatisation of the sector.

Market potential for renewable energies

Wind Energy

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Framework Conditions for Wind Energy

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Licensing Procedures

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Business Climate

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Solar Energy

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Biogas

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Hydro Power

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Other renewable Sources

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Political Framework Conditions in the Energy Sector

Egypt

Liberalisation

Article 7 o

Important Laws and regulations

The mo

Framework Conditions for Renewable Energies

Strategy and objectives for renewable energies

Egypt’s 

Legal conditions and support Schemes for renewable Energies

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Clean Development Mechanism

Egypt’s

Institutional Set-up in the energy sector

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR)

The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) lays down the goals and political framework conditions for development of the energy market. Its core task is to facilitate continuing development of the country by ensuring adequate availability of energy. This is meant to be brought about with as little expenditure as possible, but while maintaining high standards. To this end, the ministry also intends inviting foreign investors in the fields of power generation, oil production and the development of other locally available sources of energy.

Electricity Sector Regulatory Commission

This independent institution established in 2001 has a whole range of tasks. On the one hand it fixes the electricity tariffs and the charges for services related to the sale of electricity. On the other hand it awards licences to power providers and distributors and monitors compliance with the terms of the licences. Furthermore, the commission has been set up to arbitrate between operators and electricity customers in order to find solutions that are as amicable as possible. It also has the job of mediating between power generators or operators of distribution networks in the event of disagreement.
The overriding principle to be followed by the commission in all matters relating to the electricity sector is to ensure the interests of the public at large are looked after. To this end, it can both assume an advisory role as well as make public statements.

National Energy Research Center (NERC)

The NERC was established in 1998 with the goal of promoting scientific research in the fields of renewable energy sources and efficient energy use. Furthermore, the centre also has the task of exploring possibilities of using the oil shale that is readily available in Jordan to produce energy. And the final responsibilities of this establishment are in the fields of training and the transfer of technology in the above-mentioned research areas. The NERC cooperates with among others the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR), the Royal Scientific Society and the Natural Resources Authority. The energy minister also holds the position of chairman of the centre.

International donor activities

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Existing Projects

Wind Energy

Egypt has p

Publications

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External links

• Egypt's Government Services Portal
  
• Egypt's entry at The World Factbook