Difference between revisions of "Wind Turbine Technology"
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=== Aerodynamics<br> === | === Aerodynamics<br> === | ||
− | [[Image:Wind turbine blade aerodynamics.jpg|frame|center|Aerodynamics of a wind turbine blade]] | + | [[Image:Wind turbine blade aerodynamics.jpg|frame|center|Aerodynamics of a wind turbine blade]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> |
=== Stall === | === Stall === | ||
− | [[Image:Wind turbine blade aerodynamics - stall control.jpg|frame|center|Wind turbine blade aerodynamics - stall control]]Stall Control:<br>– Passive Stall:<br>Power of the wind turbine is limited by the aerodynamic characteristics<br>of the turbine.<br>– Active stall:<br>Power of the wind turbine is limited additionally by decreasing the pitch<br>angle (increasing the inflow angle ).<br> | + | [[Image:Wind turbine blade aerodynamics - stall control.jpg|frame|center|Wind turbine blade aerodynamics - stall control]]Stall Control:<br>– Passive Stall:<br>Power of the wind turbine is limited by the aerodynamic characteristics<br>of the turbine.<br>– Active stall:<br>Power of the wind turbine is limited additionally by decreasing the pitch<br>angle (increasing the inflow angle ).<br> |
=== Pitch<br> === | === Pitch<br> === | ||
− | [[Image:Wind turbine blade aerodynamics - pitching.jpg|frame|center|Aerodynamics at a wind turbine blade during control through pitching]]Pitch Control:<br>– Power of the wind turbine is limited by increasing the pitch angle<br>(decreasing the inflow angle <math>\alpha</math>)<br> | + | [[Image:Wind turbine blade aerodynamics - pitching.jpg|frame|center|Aerodynamics at a wind turbine blade during control through pitching]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> |
+ | |||
+ | Pitch Control:<br>– Power of the wind turbine is limited by increasing the pitch angle<br>(decreasing the inflow angle <math>\alpha</math>)<br> | ||
== Wind turbine operation<br> == | == Wind turbine operation<br> == | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
− | <br> | + | <ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref><br> |
== Generator concepts<br> == | == Generator concepts<br> == | ||
− | [[Image:Overview Wind generator concepts.jpg|frame|center|Overview Wind generator concepts.jpg]] | + | [[Image:Overview Wind generator concepts.jpg|frame|center|Overview Wind generator concepts.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> |
=== Fixed Speed Induction Generator<br> === | === Fixed Speed Induction Generator<br> === | ||
− | [[Image:Fixed speed induction generator.jpg|frame|center|Fixed speed induction generator.jpg]]Only fix speed operation possible (stall control required)<br>• Reactive power compensation required<br>• No reactive power control capability. Additional devices required:<br>– TSCs (Thyristor switched capacitors)<br>– STATCOMs<br>• Risk of dynamic voltage collapse<br>GTZ Expert Workshop 2010: Grid and System Integration of Wind Energy, 22/23.11.2010, Berlin/Germany<br>y g p<br>– > Typically, wind generators based on induction generators are asked to<br>disconnect in case of voltage dips<br> | + | [[Image:Fixed speed induction generator.jpg|frame|center|Fixed speed induction generator.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> |
+ | |||
+ | Only fix speed operation possible (stall control required)<br>• Reactive power compensation required<br>• No reactive power control capability. Additional devices required:<br>– TSCs (Thyristor switched capacitors)<br>– STATCOMs<br>• Risk of dynamic voltage collapse<br>GTZ Expert Workshop 2010: Grid and System Integration of Wind Energy, 22/23.11.2010, Berlin/Germany<br>y g p<br>– > Typically, wind generators based on induction generators are asked to<br>disconnect in case of voltage dips<br> | ||
=== Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance<br> === | === Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance<br> === | ||
− | [[Image:Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance.jpg|frame|center|Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance.jpg]]Simple concept for variable speed operation.<br>• Reactive power compensation required.<br>• No reactive power control capability. Additional devices required:<br>– TSCs (Thyristor switched capacitors)<br>– STATCOMs<br>• Limited LVRT capability. Dynamic voltage collapse problems have to<br>GTZ Expert Workshop 2010: Grid and System Integration of Wind Energy, 22/23.11.2010, Berlin/Germany<br>be mitigated by:<br>– Fast increase of rotor resistance during faults<br>– Additional reactive power compensation devices (typically TSCs)<br> | + | [[Image:Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance.jpg|frame|center|Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> |
+ | |||
+ | Simple concept for variable speed operation.<br>• Reactive power compensation required.<br>• No reactive power control capability. Additional devices required:<br>– TSCs (Thyristor switched capacitors)<br>– STATCOMs<br>• Limited LVRT capability. Dynamic voltage collapse problems have to<br>GTZ Expert Workshop 2010: Grid and System Integration of Wind Energy, 22/23.11.2010, Berlin/Germany<br>be mitigated by:<br>– Fast increase of rotor resistance during faults<br>– Additional reactive power compensation devices (typically TSCs)<br> | ||
=== Doubly-Fed Induction Generator<br> === | === Doubly-Fed Induction Generator<br> === | ||
− | [[Image:Doubly-fed induction generator.jpg|frame|center|Doubly-fed induction generator.jpg]][[Image:Doubly fed induction generatorf Power flow over- and subsyncronous speed.jpg|frame|center|Doubly fed induction generatorf Power flow over- and subsyncronous speed.jpg]] | + | [[Image:Doubly-fed induction generator.jpg|frame|center|Doubly-fed induction generator.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>[[Image:Doubly fed induction generatorf Power flow over- and subsyncronous speed.jpg|frame|center|Doubly fed induction generatorf Power flow over- and subsyncronous speed.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> |
− | === Generator with Fully Rated Converter === | + | === Generator with Fully Rated Converter === |
− | [[Image:Generator with Fully Rated Converter Kopie.jpg|frame|center|Generator with Fully Rated Converter Kopie.jpg]] | + | [[Image:Generator with Fully Rated Converter Kopie.jpg|frame|center|Generator with Fully Rated Converter Kopie.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> |
− | === Generator with fully rated converter and direct drive === | + | === Generator with fully rated converter and direct drive === |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | [[Image:Generator with Fully Rated Converter and direct drive.jpg|frame|center|Generator with Fully Rated Converter and direct drive.jpg]] | + | [[Image:Generator with Fully Rated Converter and direct drive.jpg|frame|center|Generator with Fully Rated Converter and direct drive.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> |
=== Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box<br> === | === Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box<br> === | ||
− | [[Image:Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box.jpg|frame|center|Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box.jpg]][[Portal:Wind]] | + | [[Image:Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box.jpg|frame|center|Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> |
+ | |||
+ | [[Portal:Wind]] | ||
[[Category:Wind]] | [[Category:Wind]] |
Revision as of 15:27, 27 August 2011
Wind turbine control concepts
Aerodynamics
Stall
Stall Control:
– Passive Stall:
Power of the wind turbine is limited by the aerodynamic characteristics
of the turbine.
– Active stall:
Power of the wind turbine is limited additionally by decreasing the pitch
angle (increasing the inflow angle ).
Pitch
Pitch Control:
– Power of the wind turbine is limited by increasing the pitch angle
(decreasing the inflow angle )
Wind turbine operation
Operation of Fix Speed Wind Turbine (passive stall)
• Start up (with open breaker) if wind speed > cut-in wind speed
• Close breaker
• Operation at constant blade angle over the whole wind speed range
• In case of large wind speeds: Power limited by aerodynamic profile.
Operation of Variable Speed Wind-Turbines
Start up (with open breaker) if wind speed > cut-in wi
nd speed
• Close breaker
• Below rated wind-speed
– Maximum power coefficient (Max. Power Tracking)
– Evt: Speed Limitation
• Above rated wind-speed:
– P=Pr
ated (Limited by power electronics converter)
– Pitching
• Advantages of variable speed operation:
– Lower cut-in wind speeds
– Higher efficiency, especially at low wind speeds
– Lower power variations (compared to fixed speed turbines)
• Disadvantage: More expensive!
Generator concepts
Fixed Speed Induction Generator
Only fix speed operation possible (stall control required)
• Reactive power compensation required
• No reactive power control capability. Additional devices required:
– TSCs (Thyristor switched capacitors)
– STATCOMs
• Risk of dynamic voltage collapse
GTZ Expert Workshop 2010: Grid and System Integration of Wind Energy, 22/23.11.2010, Berlin/Germany
y g p
– > Typically, wind generators based on induction generators are asked to
disconnect in case of voltage dips
Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance
Simple concept for variable speed operation.
• Reactive power compensation required.
• No reactive power control capability. Additional devices required:
– TSCs (Thyristor switched capacitors)
– STATCOMs
• Limited LVRT capability. Dynamic voltage collapse problems have to
GTZ Expert Workshop 2010: Grid and System Integration of Wind Energy, 22/23.11.2010, Berlin/Germany
be mitigated by:
– Fast increase of rotor resistance during faults
– Additional reactive power compensation devices (typically TSCs)
Doubly-Fed Induction Generator
Generator with Fully Rated Converter
Generator with fully rated converter and direct drive
Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box
- ↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[1]]
- ↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[2]]
- ↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[3]]
- ↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[4]]
- ↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[5]]
- ↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[6]]
- ↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[7]]
- ↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[8]]
- ↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[9]]
- ↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[10]]
- ↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[11]]