Difference between revisions of "Bosnia and Herzegovina Energy Situation"

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=== Energy Generation and Consumption ===
 
=== Energy Generation and Consumption ===
 
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{| class="wikitable"
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=== Energy Losses ===
 
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{| class="wikitable"
 
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!2021
 
!2021
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Losses in transmission [%]
−
|
+
|1,75%
−
|
+
|1.87%
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Losses in distribution [%]
−
|
+
|9,13%
−
|
+
|9.22%
−
|-
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
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=== Transmission network ===
 
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!2021
 
!2021
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Horizontal transmission network [km]
−
|
+
|6.421
−
|
+
|6.423
−
|-
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Horizontal transmission network [km] / substation capacity [MVA]
−
|
+
|13.045
−
|
+
|13.066
 
|}
 
|}
  
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=== No of consummers ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
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!2021
 
!2021
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Electricity customers / total
−
|
+
|1.588.773
−
|
+
|1.570.415
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Electricity customers / non-households
−
|
+
|137.629
−
|
+
|125.895
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Eligible customers under national legislation
−
|
+
|1.588.773
−
|
+
|1.570.415
 
|}
 
|}
  
 +
=== Internal Market ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|+
 
|+
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!2021
 
!2021
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Internal market / electricity supplied to active eligible customers [MWh]
 +
|3.423.615
 +
|3.851.155
 +
|-
 +
|Internal market / share of final consumption [%]
 +
|34%
 +
|36%
 +
|}
 +
 +
== Renewable Energy Potential ==
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+
 +
!
 +
!Unit
 +
!Reference Case 2030
 +
!Remap 2030
 +
|-
 +
|Total installed power generation capacity
 +
|MW
 +
|5,103.00
 +
|6,334.00
 +
|-
 +
|Renewable capacity
 +
|MW
 +
|3,069.00
 +
|5,212.00
 +
|-
 +
|Hydropower
 +
|MW
 +
|2,454.00
 +
|2,454.00
 +
|-
 +
|Wind - onshoore
 +
|MW
 +
|548.00
 +
|1,033.00
 +
|-
 +
|Biofuels (solid, liquid, gaseous)
 +
|MW
 +
|42.00
 +
|362.00
 +
|-
 +
|Solar PV
 +
|MW
 +
|25.00
 +
|1,363.00
 +
|-
 +
|Non-renewable capacity
 +
|MW
 +
|2,034.00
 +
|1,122.00
 +
|-
 +
|Coal
 +
|MW
 +
|2,034.00
 +
|1,122.00
 +
|}
 +
 +
<div class="grid stretch-items">
 +
<div class="width-1-2>
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{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+
 +
!Technologies
 +
!Technical Potential MW
 +
|-
 +
|'''Solar PV'''
 +
|2,963.7
 +
|-
 +
|'''Wind'''
 +
|13,141.1
 +
|-
 +
|'''Hydro'''
 +
|6,110.0
 +
|-
 +
|≤ 10 MW
 +
|860.0
 +
|-
 +
|> 10 MW
 +
|5,250.0
 +
|-
 +
|Pumping
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|'''Biomass'''
−
|
+
|983.0
−
|
+
|-
 +
|Biogas
 +
|150.0
 +
|-
 +
|Solid Biomass
 +
|813.0
 +
|-
 +
|Biowaste
 +
|20.0
 +
|-
 +
|'''Geothermal el.'''
 +
|7.1
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Total
−
|
+
|23,204.9
−
|
 
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
+
</div>
−
== Renewable Energy ==
+
<div class="width-1-2>
 +
[[File:Technical Potential Capacity in Percentage - Bosnia.png|center|500px|Technical Potential Capacity in Percentage - Bosnia]]
 +
<center>Fig 2: Technical potential Capacity in Percentage</center>
 +
</div>
 +
</div>
 +
As we can see, if Bosnia and Herzegovina would use its entire technical potential,ti would increase the generating power by 390%, and would become one of the key net exporter of the WB6
  
 
== Fossil Fuels ==
 
== Fossil Fuels ==

Revision as of 13:29, 25 October 2024


Bosnia and Herzegovina
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.png
Location _______.png

Capital:

Sarajevo

Region:

Europe & Central Asia

Coordinates:

43.915886° N, 17.779076° E

Total Area (km²): It includes a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways.

51,210

Population: It is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin.

3,210,847 (2023)

Rural Population (% of total population): It refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population.

50 (2023)

GDP (current US$): It is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources.

27,054,889,363 (2023)

GDP Per Capita (current US$): It is gross domestic product divided by midyear population

8,426.09 (2023)

Access to Electricity (% of population): It is the percentage of population with access to electricity.

100.00 (2022)

Energy Imports Net (% of energy use): It is estimated as energy use less production, both measured in oil equivalents. A negative value indicates that the country is a net exporter. Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.

22.73 (2014)

Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption (% of total): It comprises coal, oil, petroleum, and natural gas products.

77.52 (2014)

Source: World Bank


Introduction

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula. It borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to the north and southwest. The country has a moderate continental climate with hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In the central and eastern regions, the geography is mountainous, in the northwest it is moderately hilly, and in the northeast it is predominantly flat. Herzegovina, the smaller, southern region, has a Mediterranean climate and is mostly mountainous.[1]

Bosnia and Herzegovina is an EU candidate country.[1]

Energy Situation

In 2021, the largest source of energy in Bosnia and Herzegovina was coal (51%), followed by oil with 22% contributing to the total energy supply.[2] In terms of electricity generation, 60% is generated from coal and 37% is generated from hydropower.[3]

Bosnia and Herzegovina has shown interest in increasing its use of renewable energy sources to diversify its energy mix and reduce dependence on conventional energy sources. The country has significant potential for renewable energy, including hydropower, wind, and solar.

Hydropower has historically been the dominant renewable energy source in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and several hydropower plants are in operation. The country has been exploring opportunities to expand its hydropower capacity, but such projects can face environmental and social challenges.

Wind and solar energy have also gained attention, and there were plans for the development of wind and solar projects in various regions. However, progress may depend on regulatory frameworks, investment incentives, and other factors that influence the renewable energy sector's growth.

Installed electricity capacity (MW) by Technology, Grid connection and Year

Technology Grid Conn Year Cap. (MW)
Solar photovoltaic On-grid 2022 107.47
Onshore wind energy On-grid 2022 135
Renewable hydropower On-grid 2022 1836.78
Pumped storage On-grid 2022 420
Solid biofuels On-grid 2022 9.22
Biogas On-grid 2022 0.99
Coal and peat On-grid 2022 2135.62
Oil On-grid 2022 21
Natural gas On-grid 2022 10.23
Fossil fuels n.e.s. On-grid 2022 57.89
Installed Electricity Capacity in Percentage - Bosnia

Fig 1: Installed Electricity Capacity in Percentage

Energy Generation and Consumption

Description of data [unit] 2020 2021
Electricity production [GWh] 15.391 17.055
Gross electricity consumption [GWh] 11.33 12.17
Consumption structure [GWh] / industrial, transport, services and other 5.176 5.761
Consumption structure [GWh] / households (residential customers) 4.795 4.911

Net Import & Net Export

Description of data [unit] 2020 2021
Net imports [GWh] 3.266 3.312
Net exports [GWh] 7.327 8.197

Energy Losses

Description of data [unit] 2020 2021
Losses in transmission [%] 1,75% 1.87%
Losses in distribution [%] 9,13% 9.22%

Transmission network

Description of data [unit] 2020 2021
Horizontal transmission network [km] 6.421 6.423
Horizontal transmission network [km] / substation capacity [MVA] 13.045 13.066

No of consummers

Description of data [unit] 2020 2021
Electricity customers / total 1.588.773 1.570.415
Electricity customers / non-households 137.629 125.895
Eligible customers under national legislation 1.588.773 1.570.415

Internal Market

Description of data [unit] 2020 2021
Internal market / electricity supplied to active eligible customers [MWh] 3.423.615 3.851.155
Internal market / share of final consumption [%] 34% 36%

Renewable Energy Potential

Unit Reference Case 2030 Remap 2030
Total installed power generation capacity MW 5,103.00 6,334.00
Renewable capacity MW 3,069.00 5,212.00
Hydropower MW 2,454.00 2,454.00
Wind - onshoore MW 548.00 1,033.00
Biofuels (solid, liquid, gaseous) MW 42.00 362.00
Solar PV MW 25.00 1,363.00
Non-renewable capacity MW 2,034.00 1,122.00
Coal MW 2,034.00 1,122.00
Technologies Technical Potential MW
Solar PV 2,963.7
Wind 13,141.1
Hydro 6,110.0
≤ 10 MW 860.0
> 10 MW 5,250.0
Pumping
Biomass 983.0
Biogas 150.0
Solid Biomass 813.0
Biowaste 20.0
Geothermal el. 7.1
Total 23,204.9
Technical Potential Capacity in Percentage - Bosnia
Fig 2: Technical potential Capacity in Percentage

As we can see, if Bosnia and Herzegovina would use its entire technical potential,ti would increase the generating power by 390%, and would become one of the key net exporter of the WB6

Fossil Fuels

Key Problems of the Energy Sector

Policy Framework, Laws and Regulations

Institutional Set up in the Energy Sector

Other Key Actors / Activities of Donors, Implementing Agencies, Civil Society Organisations

Further Information

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wikipedia: Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved September 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina
  2. ↑ https://www.iea.org/countries/bosnia-and-herzegovina/energy-mix
  3. ↑ https://www.iea.org/countries/bosnia-and-herzegovina/electricity
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