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| + | = Overview = |
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | '''Titel'''<br/>
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | '''Comment'''
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| − | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | '''WebLink'''
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| − | *SEFI / UNEP
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| − | [http://sefi.unep.org/fileadmin/media/sefi/docs/publications/Executive_Summary_2009_EN.pdf Global Trends in Sustainable Energy Investment 2009]
| + | In developing economies, large areas lack access to the electricity grid. Low density, low electricity tariffs and long distances also hinder utilities from investing in grid extension to remote areas. The use of diesel generators in these areas depends on the increasing costs of fuel. Furthermore, usage of kerosene lamps in theses rural areas also causes negative externalities like greenhouse gas emissions and fumes<ref name="NORPLAN, 2013. NORPLAN Study: Cost Competitiveness of Rural Electrification Solutions">NORPLAN, 2013. NORPLAN Study: Cost Competitiveness of Rural Electrification Solutions |
| | + | </ref>. <br/> |
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| + | <br/>When the costs and benefits of various solutions to rural electrification are compared, studies indicate that distributed renewable energy (RE) solutions are increasingly more attractive than grid-based solutions. The more swiftly that policy-makers, regulators, financiers, developers and donors can fully accept and act upon this new energy reality, then rural areas in sub-saharan Africa can benefit from improved energy services<ref name="NORPLAN, 2013. NORPLAN Study: Cost Competitiveness of Rural Electrification Solutions">NORPLAN, 2013. NORPLAN Study: Cost Competitiveness of Rural Electrification Solutions |
| − | *The report provides an overview of capital flows and an analysis of the trends in sustainable energy investment activity.
| + | </ref>. |
| − | *provides no particular Development Aid numbers, but numbers coming from Capital Venture; however, so far a unique document providing concrete numbers
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| − | *Summary, for the full report permission is needed
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| − | | [http://sefi.unep.org/english/globaltrends2009.html www.sefi.unep.org]<br/>
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| − | *KfW
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| − | [[http://www.kfw-entwicklungsbank.de/DE_Home/Service_und_Dokumentation/Online_Bibliothek/PDF-Dokumente_Diskussionsbeitraege/Kfw-Materialien_Nr2812818.pdf http://www.kfw-entwicklungsbank.de/DE_Home/Service_und_Dokumentation/Online_Bibliothek/PDF-Dokumente_Diskussionsbeitraege/Kfw-Materialien_Nr2812818.pdf] Berücksichtigung von CO2-Vermeidungskosten bei Energievorhaben in der Finanziellen Zusammenarbeit (FZ)]
| + | = Benefits of Rural Electrification = |
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| + | *Lighting; education and communication (e.g. radio/TV/Internet); |
| − | *Kind of Cost-Benefit-Studie (probably not the kind of EnDev wants to have) | + | *Health and hygiene (e.g. avoided fumes from kerosene lamps and improved medical storage); |
| − | *written in 2001!
| + | *Environmental benefits (e.g. avoided fumes and less greenhouse gas emissions); |
| | + | *Time use; and productive uses (e.g. local industry and micro enterprise). |
| | + | *The willingness to pay for electrification is currently US $ 0.10-0.40 per kilowatt hour (kWh) for lighting and TV only, and US $ 1.0-1.5 per kWh for complete electrification<ref name="World Bank Independent Evaluation Group, 2008. The Welfare Impact of Rural Electrification: A Reassessment of the Costs and Benefits">World Bank Independent Evaluation Group, 2008. The Welfare Impact of Rural Electrification: A Reassessment of the Costs and Benefits</ref>. |
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| − | | [http://www.kfw.de www.kfw.de]
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| − | Ren21
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| − | [http://www.ren21.net/pdf/RE_GSR_2009_Update.pdf Renewables Global Status Report 2009 Update]
| + | = Potential of Solar PV = |
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| + | <br/> |
| − | *at most a statistical report on investment flows, etc.
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| − | *for instance p. 14
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| − | | [http://www.ren21.net/ www.ren21.net]<br/>
| + | = Potential of Biogas = |
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| − | *UNDP
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| − | [http://www.undp.org/gef/documents/publications/windpower_web.pdf Promotion of Wind Energy: Lessons Learned from International Experience and UNDP-GEF Projects]
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| − | *only fitting to a certain extent
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| − | *p. 28 TABLE 3: IMPACT OF CARBON FINANCE ON THE IRR OF RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS
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| − | *from p. 44 onwards: Cost of Projects
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| − | *p. 45: Cost of “Public Policy Actions” over Expected Installed Capacity (k$/ MW)
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| − | *p. 47: Project Impact
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| − | | [http://www.undp.org/gef/ www.undp.org/gef]<br/>
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| − | *UNDP
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| − | [[http://content.undp.org/go/cms-service/download/asset/?asset_id=2146825 http://content.undp.org/go/cms-service/download/asset/?asset_id=2146825] Bringing Small-Scale Finance to the Poor for Modern Energy Services]
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| − | *Experiences from Burkina Faso, Kenya, Nepal and Tanzania.
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| − | *rather referring to Microfinance, but also single Case-Studies providing cost numbers, e.g. p. 22
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| − | | [http://www.undp.org/gef/ www.undp.org/gef]<br/>
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| − | *iisd
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| − | [http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2009/bali_2_copenhagen_invest_mdbs.pdf Investing in a Sustainable Future: Multilateral Development Banks’ Investment in Energy Policy]
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| − | *International support for energy sector reform seems to be a promising area for achieving both domestic development goals and internationally desirable greenhouse gas mitigation. This paper analyzes the extent to which current and historical lending by multilateral development banks has managed to exploit this potential.
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| − | *no concrete numbers, but includes a helpful bibliography (some documents are not accessible)
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| − | | [http://www.iisd.org/publications/pub.aspx?pno=1211 www.iisd.org]<br/>
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| − | *UNCTAD
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| − | [[http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Download.asp?docid=12454&lang=1&intItemID=1397 http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Download.asp?docid=12454&lang=1&intItemID=1397] UNCTAD: The Biofuels Market: Current Situation and Alternative Scenarios]
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| − | *The new UNCTAD report discusses "alternative decision paths" governments may consider in relation to biofuels and provides insights on the global repercussions those different choices may imply.
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| − | *only referring to biofuel market
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| − | *Chapter V: Advanced biofuels and developing countries: intellectual property scenarios and policy implications., Fig. 5.6 p. 82: only investment numbers, private euqity..
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| − | *all in all no numbers given!
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| − | | [http://www.unctad.org/Templates/webflyer.asp?docid=12454&intItemID=1397&lang=1 www.unctad.org]<br/>
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| − | *UNCTAD
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| − | [http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Download.asp?docid=12463&lang=1&intItemID=4566 Climate change:]turning costs into income opportunities
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| − | *two-sided report on Climate Costs
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| − | *growing or to high costs of solar energy
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| − | *e.g. (....) that the United Nations has estimated that the shift to renewable energy would require new investments (and the accompanying technology) of up to $600 billion annually for a decade.
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| − | *no numbers given, no cost-benefit in the kind we want to have it
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| − | | [http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=4566&lang=1 www.unctad.org]<br/>
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| − | *WB
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| − | [http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTENERGY/Resources/2009REEE4PageFinal.pdf?resourceurlname=2009REEE4PageFinal.pdf The World Bank Group Reaches Record High Investments]
| + | = Further Information = |
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| − | *1-2-sided report giving the following numbers/figures:
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| − | *Figure 1: Distribution of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Projects during Fiscal Years 2005–2009
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| − | *Figure 2: World Bank Group Lending for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency, 1990–2009
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| − | *Table: World Bank Group Lending for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Fiscal Year 2009
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| − | *only comulates WB numbers.....
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| − | | [http://www-wds.worldbank.org/ www-wds.worldbank.org]<br/>
| + | = References = |
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| − | *WB
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| − | [[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/06/22/000333038_20090622001502/Rendered/PDF/490170NWP0Box31directionshydropower.pdf http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/06/22/000333038_20090622001502/Rendered/PDF/490170NWP0Box31directionshydropower.pdf] DIRECTIONS IN HYDROPOWER: SCALING UP FOR DEVELOPMENT]
| + | <references /><br/> |
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| − | *This document outlines the WBG's further commitment. It summarizes key issues in scaling up hydropower: the rationale and context for sector expansion, as well as the risks.
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| − | *no concrete numbers, maybe pp. S. 12-14 relevant
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| − | | [http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187511&cid=3001&entityID=000333038_20090622001502 www-wds.worldbank.org]<br/>
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| − | *die
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| − | [http://www.die-gdi.de/CMS-Homepage/openwebcms3.nsf/(ynDK_contentByKey)/ANES-7KN9HD/$FILE/BP 7.2008 Valencia.Caspary.pdf Barriers to Successful Implementation of Renewables-based Rural Electrification]
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| − | *short, but helpful
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| − | *provides no concrete numbers
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| − | | [http://www.die-gdi.de www.die-gdi.de]<br/>
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| − | *HWWI Research
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| − | [[http://www.hwwi.org/uploads/tx_wilpubdb/HWWI_Research_Paper_1.pdf http://www.hwwi.org/uploads/tx_wilpubdb/HWWI_Research_Paper_1.pdf] Lessons from the submission and approval process of energy-efficiency CDM baseline and monitoring methodologies]
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| − | *only for information purposes
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| − | | [http://www.hwwi.org www.hwwi.org]<br/>
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| − | *HWWI Research
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| − | [[http://www.hwwi.org/uploads/tx_wilpubdb/HWWI_Research_Paper_2.pdf http://www.hwwi.org/uploads/tx_wilpubdb/HWWI_Research_Paper_2.pdf] Climate or development: Is ODA diverted from its original purpose?]
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| − | *only for information purposes
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| − | | [http://www.hwwi.org www.hwwi.org]<br/>
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| − | |}
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| − | <br/> | |
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| | + | [[Category:Financing_and_Funding]] |
| | [[Category:Impacts]] | | [[Category:Impacts]] |
| − | [[Category:Financing_and_Funding]]
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