Difference between revisions of "Mitigation and Intervention Techniques Related to Micro-hydro Power (MHP) Projects"
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− | | bgcolor="#990000" | ''' | + | | bgcolor="#990000" | ''' <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">BIOPHYSICAL MEASURES</span>''' |
− | | bgcolor="#990000" | | + | | bgcolor="#990000" | <br> |
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffcc99" | Gully control | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | Gully control | ||
− | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | | + | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | |
+ | *Stone Checkdams | ||
+ | *Brushwood Checkdams | ||
+ | *Gully Resheping, Filling and Revegetation | ||
+ | *Sediment Storage and Overflow Earth Dams (SS Dams) for Productive Gulley Control<br> | ||
+ | *Sediment Storage and Overflow Soil Bunds (SS Bunds) | ||
+ | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | Agro-forestry, Forage Development and Forestry<br> |
− | | | + | | |
+ | *Area Closure | ||
+ | *Microbasins (MBs) | ||
+ | *Eyebrow Basins (EBs) | ||
+ | *Herring bones (HBs) | ||
+ | *Micro-trenches (MTRs) | ||
+ | *Trenches | ||
+ | *Improved Pits (IP) | ||
+ | *Multistorey Gardening | ||
+ | *Seed Collection | ||
+ | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | | + | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | Soil Fertility Management and Biological Soil Conservation<br> |
− | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | | + | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | |
+ | *Compost Making | ||
+ | *Fertilization and Manuring | ||
+ | *Live Checkdams | ||
+ | *Mulching and Crop Residues Management | ||
+ | *Grass Strips along the Contours | ||
+ | *Stabilization of physical Structures and Farm Boundaries | ||
+ | *Vegetative Fencing | ||
+ | *Ley Cropping | ||
+ | *Integration of Food/Feed Legumes into Cereal Cropping Systems<br> | ||
+ | *Intercropping | ||
+ | *Crop Rotation | ||
+ | *Strip Cropping | ||
+ | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | Flood Control and Improved Drainage<br> |
| | | | ||
+ | *Waterways (Vegetative and Stone Paved) | ||
+ | *Cut-off Drains | ||
+ | *Graded Soil Bund | ||
+ | *Graded Fanya Juu | ||
+ | *Improved Surface Drainage for Increasing Productivity of Vertisols and Soils with Vertic Properties | ||
+ | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | | + | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | Physical Soil and Water Conservation<br> |
| bgcolor="#ffcc99" | | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | | ||
+ | *Level Soil Bunds | ||
+ | *Stone Bunds | ||
+ | *Stone Faced Soil Bunds | ||
+ | *Level Fanya Juu | ||
+ | *Bench Terracing | ||
+ | *Conservation Tillage using Maresha and Broad Bed and Farrows Maker (BBM) | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Hillside Terraces | ||
+ | *Hillside Terrace with Trenches | ||
+ | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | Water harvesting<br> |
| | | | ||
+ | *Hand-dug Wells | ||
+ | *Low cost Water Lifting | ||
+ | *Low Cost Micro-ponds | ||
+ | *Underground Cisterns | ||
+ | *Percolation pit | ||
+ | *Percolation Pon | ||
+ | *Farm Pond Construction | ||
+ | *Spring Development | ||
+ | *Family Drip Irrigation System | ||
+ | *Roof Water Harvesting System | ||
+ | *Farm Dam Construction | ||
+ | *River-bed or Permeable Rack Dams | ||
+ | *Small Stone Bunds with Run-on and Run-off Areas | ||
+ | *Narrow Stone Lines Along the Contour | ||
+ | *Stone Faced/Soil or Stone Bunds with Run-off/ Run-on Areas | ||
+ | *Conservation Bench Terraces (s) (CBT(s)) | ||
+ | *Tie Ridge (s) | ||
+ | *The Zai and Planting Pit System | ||
+ | *Large Half Moons | ||
+ | *Diversion Weir Design and Construction | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#990000" | ''' <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">POLITICAL MEASURES</span>''' | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#990000" | <br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | | + | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | Education and training<br> |
− | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | | + | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | <br> |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | Income generating measures<br> |
− | | | + | | <br> |
|- | |- | ||
− | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | | + | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | Participatory approach<br> |
− | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | | + | | bgcolor="#ffcc99" | <br> |
|} | |} | ||
− | | + | <br> |
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<references />Per __NOTOC__ | <references />Per __NOTOC__ | ||
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+ | <br> | ||
[[Category:Ethiopia]] [[Category:Hydro]] | [[Category:Ethiopia]] [[Category:Hydro]] |
Revision as of 07:50, 23 April 2011
The identification of appropriate mitigation and intervention techniques on the basis of the Environment Assessment is crucial for the implementation of a successful Watershed Action Plan in order to achieve a sustainable use of the catchment area and thus the MHP project. Biophysical as well as political mitigation and intervention techniques are listed in the table below:
BIOPHYSICAL MEASURES | |
Gully control |
|
Agro-forestry, Forage Development and Forestry |
|
Soil Fertility Management and Biological Soil Conservation |
|
Flood Control and Improved Drainage |
|
Physical Soil and Water Conservation |
|
Water harvesting |
|
POLITICAL MEASURES | |
Education and training |
|
Income generating measures |
|
Participatory approach |
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Terracing in the Gobecho catchment (Ethiopia) | Gully control near Ambo (Ethiopia) |
Box 1 shows three examples of how (rather simple) interventions can improve the environmental condition of the catchment. A more detailed list of mitigation and intervention techniques and the respective application can be found in DESTA, L. ET AL. (2005): Part 1: Community Based Participatory Watershed Development. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, pages 69 – 165 and DESTA, L. ET AL. (2005): Part 2: Community Based Participatory Watershed Development: Annex. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, pages 43 - 48.
Box 1:
|
References
- ↑ HELVETAS (2005): Helvetas Wasser Fact Sheet: Quellen und Quellschutz.
- ↑ GALE, J.A. (unknown): Watershedss Wetland Management. http://www.water.ncsu.edu/watershedss/info/wetlands/manage.html#prot
- ↑ SUNGSUMARN, K. (1993): Why Eucalyptus is Not Adopted for Agroforestry. In: Kashio, M. et al. (Hrsg.)(1996): Reports Submitted to the Regional Expert Consultation on Eucalyptus - Volume II. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
Per