Difference between revisions of "India Energy Situation"

From energypedia
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= Overview<br> =
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= Overview<br/> =
  
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{| style="float: right" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="400"
 
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| align="center" colspan="4" | '''Republic of India'''
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| colspan="4" align="center" | '''Republic of India'''
 
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| &nbsp; [[Image:Flag of India svg.png|border|center|150x100px|Flag of India svg.png]]<br>  
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| &nbsp; [[File:Flag of India svg.png|border|center|150x100px|Flag of India svg.png]]<br/>
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| &nbsp; [[Image:India (orthographic projection).svg|border|center|100x100px|India_(orthographic_projection).svg]]<br>
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| &nbsp; [[File:India (orthographic projection).svg|border|center|100x100px|India_(orthographic_projection).svg]]<br/>
 
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Capital  
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Capital
  
 
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New Delhi ([http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=New_Delhi&params=28_36_50_N_77_12_32_E_type:city(294,725)_region:IN-DL_ 28° 36′ 50″ N, 77° 12′ 32″ E])  
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New Delhi ([http://toolserver.org/%7Egeohack/geohack.php?pagename=New_Delhi&params=28_36_50_N_77_12_32_E_type:city%28294,725%29_region:IN-DL_ 28° 36′ 50″ N, 77° 12′ 32″ E])
  
 
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Official language(s)<br>
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Official language(s)
  
 
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Hindi, English  
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Hindi, English
  
 
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Government<br>
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Government
  
 
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Federal parliamentary&nbsp;constitutional republic<br>
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Federal parliamentary&nbsp;constitutional republic
  
 
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President<br>
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President
  
 
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Pratibha Patil  
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Pratibha Patil
  
 
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Prime Minister<br>
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Prime Minister
  
 
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Manmohan Singh  
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Manmohan Singh
  
 
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Total area<br>
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Total area
  
 
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3,287,263 km2  
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3,287,263 km2
  
 
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Population<br>
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Population
  
 
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1,210,193,422 (2011 estimate)  
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1,210,193,422 (2011 estimate)
  
 
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GDP (nominal)<br>
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GDP (nominal)
  
 
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$1.538 trillion (2010 estimate)<br>
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$1.538 trillion (2010 estimate)
  
 
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GDP Per capita <br>
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GDP Per capita
  
 
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$1,265 (2010 estimate)<br>
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$1,265 (2010 estimate)
  
 
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Currency<br>
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Currency
  
 
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Indian rupee (INR)  
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Indian rupee (INR)
  
 
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Time zone<br>
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Time zone
  
 
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IST (UTC+05:30)<br>
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IST (UTC+05:30)
  
 
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Calling code<br>
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Calling code
  
 
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+91<br>
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+91
  
 
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{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="350" align="left"
 
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| __TOC__
 
| __TOC__
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|}
 
|}
  
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<br><br>  
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<br/>
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<div style="clear: both;"></div>  
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<div style="clear: both"></div>
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= Energy situation<br> =
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= Energy situation<br/> =
  
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== Energy Supply ==
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== Energy Supply ==
  
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=== Electricity ===
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=== Electricity ===
  
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== Energy Consumption ==
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== Energy Consumption ==
  
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=== Energy demand in the household sector ===
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=== Energy demand in the household sector ===
  
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=== Electricity ===
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=== Electricity ===
  
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== Access rate ==
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== Access rate ==
  
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<u>2009</u> (IEA<ref>IEA Energy Access Database 2010: http://www.iea.org/weo/database_electricity10/electricity_database_web_2010.htm</ref>)<br>Electrification rate - 66.3%<br>Population without electricity - 403.7 million<br>
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<u>2009</u> (IEA<ref>IEA Energy Access Database 2010: http://www.iea.org/weo/database_electricity10/electricity_database_web_2010.htm</ref>)<br/>Electrification rate - 66.3%<br/>Population without electricity - 403.7 million
  
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<u>2008</u> (IEA<ref>IEA Energy Access Database: http://www.iea.org/weo/database_electricity/electricity_access_database.htm</ref>)<br>Electrification rate, total - 64.5%<br>Electrification rate, urban - 93.1%<br>Electrification rate, rural - 52.5%<br>Population without electricity - 404.5 million
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<u>2008</u> (IEA<ref>IEA Energy Access Database: http://www.iea.org/weo/database_electricity/electricity_access_database.htm</ref>)<br/>Electrification rate, total - 64.5%<br/>Electrification rate, urban - 93.1%<br/>Electrification rate, rural - 52.5%<br/>Population without electricity - 404.5 million
  
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== Market situation for different energy technologies and services ==
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== Market situation for different energy technologies and services ==
  
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=== Solar Energy ===
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=== Solar Energy ===
  
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=== Wind Energy ===
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=== Wind Energy ===
  
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=== Biomass ===
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=== Biomass ===
  
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=== Biogas ===
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=== Biogas ===
  
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=== Hydro Power ===
 
=== Hydro Power ===
  
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[[India_-_institutional_set-up|Institutional Set-Up: Small Hydro Power]]
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[[India - institutional set-up|Institutional Set-Up: Small Hydro Power]]
  
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=== Other renewable Sources ===
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=== Other renewable Sources ===
  
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== Key problems of the energy sector ==
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== Key problems of the energy sector ==
  
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== Policy framework, laws and regulations ==
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== Policy framework, laws and regulations ==
  
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=== General Energy policy, Energy strategy ===
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=== General Energy policy, Energy strategy ===
  
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&nbsp;  
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&nbsp;
  
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=== Important Laws and regulations ===
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=== Important Laws and regulations ===
  
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=== &nbsp;Specific strategies (Biomass, renewable energies, rural electrification, energy access strategy etc.) ===
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=== &nbsp;Specific strategies (Biomass, renewable energies, rural electrification, energy access strategy etc.) ===
  
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== Institutional set up in the energy sector, activities of other donors ==
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== Institutional set up in the energy sector, activities of other donors ==
  
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=== Governmental institutions ===
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=== Governmental institutions ===
  
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The Energy Sector in India is governed by four main ministries at the Central Government level, namely:<br>
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The Energy Sector in India is governed by four main ministries at the Central Government level, namely:
  
 
*The Ministry of Power, which is in charge of electricity.
 
*The Ministry of Power, which is in charge of electricity.
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*The Ministry of Oil and Gas, which controls pricing of oil and gas, licensing<br>and their imports.
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*The Ministry of Oil and Gas, which controls pricing of oil and gas, licensing<br/>and their imports.
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*The Ministry of Coal, which controls pricing of coal, its imports and is also in<br>charge mining of coal, and;
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*The Ministry of Coal, which controls pricing of coal, its imports and is also in<br/>charge mining of coal, and;
 
*&nbsp;the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
 
*&nbsp;the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
  
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In addition to these Ministries, there is also the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) which is in charge of all Nuclear Power Plants in the country. DAE works and reports directly to the Prime Minister of India.<br>All these ministries are guided in policy making by the “Power &amp; Energy Policy and Rural Energy Division” of the Planning Commission of India.
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In addition to these Ministries, there is also the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) which is in charge of all Nuclear Power Plants in the country. DAE works and reports directly to the Prime Minister of India.<br/>All these ministries are guided in policy making by the “Power & Energy Policy and Rural Energy Division” of the Planning Commission of India.
  
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=== Private sector (enterprises, NGOs) ===
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=== Private sector (enterprises, NGOs) ===
  
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=== Activities of other donors, activities of NGOs ===
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=== Activities of other donors, activities of NGOs ===
  
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= Existing Projects&nbsp; =
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= Existing Projects&nbsp; =
  
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== Government Programmes<br> ==
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== Government Programmes<br/> ==
  
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=== Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) ===
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=== Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) ===
  
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for more information see [[Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission|Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission]]<br>
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for more information see [[Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission|Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission]]
  
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=== Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)<br> ===
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=== Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)<br/> ===
  
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The Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) scheme was launched by the MoP in 2005 to increase the pace of rural electrification under the “Power for all by 2012” initiative. As progress of RGGVY was considered too slow during the 10th plan period, in 2008 the RGGVY was further extended into the 11th plan period (2007-12).<br>RGGVY financing is available for the following scheme:<br>
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The Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) scheme was launched by the MoP in 2005 to increase the pace of rural electrification under the “Power for all by 2012” initiative. As progress of RGGVY was considered too slow during the 10th plan period, in 2008 the RGGVY was further extended into the 11th plan period (2007-12).<br/>RGGVY financing is available for the following scheme:
  
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*A Rural Electricity Distribution Backbone (REDB) with 33/11 KV (or 66/11 KV) sub-station,<br>
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*A Rural Electricity Distribution Backbone (REDB) with 33/11 KV (or 66/11 KV) sub-station,
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*Village Electrification Infrastructure (VEI) with provision of minimum of one distribution transformer in each village or habitation,  
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*Village Electrification Infrastructure (VEI) with provision of minimum of one distribution transformer in each village or habitation,
 
*Decentralised Distributed Generation (DDG) systems based on conventional sources or renewable energy where grid supply is not feasible or cost-effective.
 
*Decentralised Distributed Generation (DDG) systems based on conventional sources or renewable energy where grid supply is not feasible or cost-effective.
  
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On the ground, the schemes would be implemented by franchisees working as distribution companies for the local communities by buying power from the SEBs / DISCOMs and selling it to the final customers. Under RGGVY, the MoP grants 90% of investment costs for rural electrification projects through REC. SEBs are supposed to come up with the remaining 10% of the cost either through their own funds, loans from the REC, or other institutions. Final consumers would need to pay connection fees; however, for households below the poverty line (“BPL Households”), no connection fee would be charged.<br>RGGVY aims to electrify 125,000 villages and connect the entire 23.4 million “below poverty line” households with free connection. RGGVY is also expected to augment the existing network in 462,000 electrified villages by 2010. While so far the grid extension schemes of RGGVY are advancing according to plan (489.532 villages electrified; 82.32% of target achieved), almost no schemes have been implemented under DDG.  
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On the ground, the schemes would be implemented by franchisees working as distribution companies for the local communities by buying power from the SEBs / DISCOMs and selling it to the final customers. Under RGGVY, the MoP grants 90% of investment costs for rural electrification projects through REC. SEBs are supposed to come up with the remaining 10% of the cost either through their own funds, loans from the REC, or other institutions. Final consumers would need to pay connection fees; however, for households below the poverty line (“BPL Households”), no connection fee would be charged.<br/>RGGVY aims to electrify 125,000 villages and connect the entire 23.4 million “below poverty line” households with free connection. RGGVY is also expected to augment the existing network in 462,000 electrified villages by 2010. While so far the grid extension schemes of RGGVY are advancing according to plan (489.532 villages electrified; 82.32% of target achieved), almost no schemes have been implemented under DDG.
  
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For more information: http://rggvy.gov.in<br>
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For more information: [http://rggvy.gov.in http://rggvy.gov.in]
  
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=== Remote Village Electrification (RVE) Programme ===
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=== Remote Village Electrification (RVE) Programme ===
  
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The Remote Village Electrification (RVE) programme of the MNRE supplements the efforts of MoP by electrifying un-electrified remote villages and hamlets where (i) grid connectivity is not feasible or not economical, and (ii) where DDG projects under RGGVY are not implemented. REC decides whether villages/hamlets will be covered under RGGVY or RVE.<br>The RVE programme is implemented in the states by state nodal agencies (like REDAs), which receive 90% capital subsidy from the MNRE. A remote village or remote hamlet will be considered electrified if at least 10% of the households are provided with lighting facility. The RVE is technology neutral, but in 80-85&nbsp;% electricity is provided through solar PV systems.<br>The cumulative sanctions under the Programme since its inception reached around 9300 villages and hamlets; so far work has been completed in around 5400 villages and hamlets. A target for coverage of 10,000 villages and hamlets has been set for the 11th Plan, out of which around 2600 villages and hamlets had been taken up by March 2009.  
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The Remote Village Electrification (RVE) programme of the MNRE supplements the efforts of MoP by electrifying un-electrified remote villages and hamlets where (i) grid connectivity is not feasible or not economical, and (ii) where DDG projects under RGGVY are not implemented. REC decides whether villages/hamlets will be covered under RGGVY or RVE.<br/>The RVE programme is implemented in the states by state nodal agencies (like REDAs), which receive 90% capital subsidy from the MNRE. A remote village or remote hamlet will be considered electrified if at least 10% of the households are provided with lighting facility. The RVE is technology neutral, but in 80-85&nbsp;% electricity is provided through solar PV systems.<br/>The cumulative sanctions under the Programme since its inception reached around 9300 villages and hamlets; so far work has been completed in around 5400 villages and hamlets. A target for coverage of 10,000 villages and hamlets has been set for the 11th Plan, out of which around 2600 villages and hamlets had been taken up by March 2009.
  
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For more information: [http://www.mnre.gov.in/prog-rvlp.htm http://www.mnre.gov.in/prog-rvlp.htm]  
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For more information: [http://www.mnre.gov.in/prog-rvlp.htm http://www.mnre.gov.in/prog-rvlp.htm]
  
 
=== Village Energy Security Test Projects (VESP), since 2004 ===
 
=== Village Energy Security Test Projects (VESP), since 2004 ===
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During the mid-term appraisal of the 11th Plan in September 2009, a decision was made to concentrate on consolidating the VESP projects already taken up for implementation, during remaining plan period. The original proposal was to cover 1,000 villages with<br/>a total outlay of INR 225 crore during the Plan period. However, a bulk of it has remained unspent.<ref>Greenpeace India Society (2011): RGGVY - Progress Unlimited. Policy Brief. http://www.greenpeace.org/india/Global/india/report/Final_RGGVY_Policy_Brief.pdf</ref>
 
During the mid-term appraisal of the 11th Plan in September 2009, a decision was made to concentrate on consolidating the VESP projects already taken up for implementation, during remaining plan period. The original proposal was to cover 1,000 villages with<br/>a total outlay of INR 225 crore during the Plan period. However, a bulk of it has remained unspent.<ref>Greenpeace India Society (2011): RGGVY - Progress Unlimited. Policy Brief. http://www.greenpeace.org/india/Global/india/report/Final_RGGVY_Policy_Brief.pdf</ref>
  
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The World Bank has conducted a detailed assessment and identified lessons learned from VESP in a 2011 study: http://www.mnre.gov.in/pdf/VESP-Final-Report-July%202011.pdf
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The World Bank has conducted a detailed assessment and identified lessons learned from VESP in a 2011 study: [http://www.mnre.gov.in/pdf/VESP-Final-Report-July%202011.pdf http://www.mnre.gov.in/pdf/VESP-Final-Report-July%202011.pdf]
  
 
For more information: [http://www.mnre.gov.in/adm-approvals/vesptest.pdf http://www.mnre.gov.in/adm-approvals/vesptest.pdf]
 
For more information: [http://www.mnre.gov.in/adm-approvals/vesptest.pdf http://www.mnre.gov.in/adm-approvals/vesptest.pdf]
  
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=== National Biogas and Manure Management Programme (NBMMP), since 1981 ===
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=== National Biogas and Manure Management Programme (NBMMP), since 1981 ===
  
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The Central Sector Scheme on National Biogas and Manure Management Programme, which mainly caters to setting up of family type biogas plants, has been under implementation by MNRE since 1981-82. National Biogas and Manure Management Programme provides for central subsidy in fixed amounts, turn-key job fee linked with five years’ free maintenance warranty; financial support for repair of old-non functional plants; training of users, masons, entrepreneurs, etc.; publicity and extension; service charges or staff support; State level Biogas Development and Training Centres (BDTC); (fixed amount of CFA to institutional biogas plants); financial support for institutions for cattle dung based power generation plants; etc&nbsp; <br>The Programme provides Central Financial Assistance (CFA) of Rs 2100to Rs14700 per family depending upon the capacity of the plant, location and the status of family. So far 4.12 million family type biogas plants have been installed.&nbsp;34% of the potential has been realized so far (2008-09). The Programme is reviewed and revised from time to time in five year plans and annual plans.  
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The Central Sector Scheme on National Biogas and Manure Management Programme, which mainly caters to setting up of family type biogas plants, has been under implementation by MNRE since 1981-82. National Biogas and Manure Management Programme provides for central subsidy in fixed amounts, turn-key job fee linked with five years’ free maintenance warranty; financial support for repair of old-non functional plants; training of users, masons, entrepreneurs, etc.; publicity and extension; service charges or staff support; State level Biogas Development and Training Centres (BDTC); (fixed amount of CFA to institutional biogas plants); financial support for institutions for cattle dung based power generation plants; etc&nbsp;<br/>The Programme provides Central Financial Assistance (CFA) of Rs 2100to Rs14700 per family depending upon the capacity of the plant, location and the status of family. So far 4.12 million family type biogas plants have been installed.&nbsp;34% of the potential has been realized so far (2008-09). The Programme is reviewed and revised from time to time in five year plans and annual plans.
  
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For more information: [http://www.mnre.gov.in/adm-approvals/prog-ftbp.htm http://www.mnre.gov.in/adm-approvals/prog-ftbp.htm]  
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For more information: [http://www.mnre.gov.in/adm-approvals/prog-ftbp.htm http://www.mnre.gov.in/adm-approvals/prog-ftbp.htm]
  
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=== Solar PV Programme, since 1982 ===
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=== Solar PV Programme, since 1982 ===
  
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A country wide Solar Photovoltaic Demonstration Programme is being implemented by the MNRE for more than two decades. The Programme is aimed at developing cost effective PV technology and its applications for large-scale diffusion in different sectors, especially in rural and remote areas.  
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A country wide Solar Photovoltaic Demonstration Programme is being implemented by the MNRE for more than two decades. The Programme is aimed at developing cost effective PV technology and its applications for large-scale diffusion in different sectors, especially in rural and remote areas.
  
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Major components of the solar PV programme include, R&amp;D, Demonstration and Technology Utilization, Testing &amp; Standardization, Industrial and Promotional activities etc.  
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Major components of the solar PV programme include, R&D, Demonstration and Technology Utilization, Testing & Standardization, Industrial and Promotional activities etc.
  
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The following solar PV systems are covered under the solar PV programmes of MNRE:  
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The following solar PV systems are covered under the solar PV programmes of MNRE:
  
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*Solar Home Lighting Systems/Solar Home Systems  
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*Solar Home Lighting Systems/Solar Home Systems
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*Solar Lanterns  
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*Solar Lanterns
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*Solar Street Lighting Systems  
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*Solar Street Lighting Systems
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*Stand-alone PV Power Plants  
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*Stand-alone PV Power Plants
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*Solar PV Water Pumping systems  
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*Solar PV Water Pumping systems
 
*Other applications of solar PV Technology including new applications.
 
*Other applications of solar PV Technology including new applications.
  
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The programme provides Rs.2400 to Rs.17300 for solar lighting system depending upon the area, Rs125,000 to Rs.270,000/kWp for SPV standalone power plant depending upon the capacity of plant and region. For solar pumps&nbsp;a subsidy of&nbsp;Rs.30/Wp of SPV array used, subject to a maximum of Rs.50,000 is provided per system.&nbsp;So far, 510,877&nbsp;SPV Home Lighting Systems, 767,350 Solar Lanterns, 82,384 Street Lighting Systems and 7,247 solar pumps have been installed.  
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The programme provides Rs.2400 to Rs.17300 for solar lighting system depending upon the area, Rs125,000 to Rs.270,000/kWp for SPV standalone power plant depending upon the capacity of plant and region. For solar pumps&nbsp;a subsidy of&nbsp;Rs.30/Wp of SPV array used, subject to a maximum of Rs.50,000 is provided per system.&nbsp;So far, 510,877&nbsp;SPV Home Lighting Systems, 767,350 Solar Lanterns, 82,384 Street Lighting Systems and 7,247 solar pumps have been installed.
  
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For more information: [http://www.mnre.gov.in/spv-prog.htm http://www.mnre.gov.in/spv-prog.htm]  
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For more information: [http://www.mnre.gov.in/spv-prog.htm http://www.mnre.gov.in/spv-prog.htm]
  
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=== National Biomass Cookstoves Initiative (NBCI), since 2009 ===
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=== National Biomass Cookstoves Initiative (NBCI), since 2009 ===
  
 
under MNRE. for more information: [http://www.mnre.gov.in/prog-nbci.htm http://www.mnre.gov.in/prog-nbci.htm]
 
under MNRE. for more information: [http://www.mnre.gov.in/prog-nbci.htm http://www.mnre.gov.in/prog-nbci.htm]
  
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= Publications =
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= State-specific information<br/> =
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== Bihar<br/> ==
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[[Bihar_Energy_Situation|Bihar Energy Situation]]
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= Publications<br/> =
  
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== Energy Sector<br> ==
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== Energy Sector<br/> ==
  
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*[http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/de-energiemarkt-indien-bmu-gtz-2010.pdf Energiemarkt Indien] (in German). BMU / GTZ, 2010.<br>
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*[http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/de-energiemarkt-indien-bmu-gtz-2010.pdf Energiemarkt Indien] (in German). BMU / GTZ, 2010.
  
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== RE in general<br> ==
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== RE in general<br/> ==
  
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*[http://go.worldbank.org/NSNVHA7210 Unleashing the Potential of Renewable Energy in India]. World Bank / ESMAP, 2011.<br>
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*[http://go.worldbank.org/NSNVHA7210 Unleashing the Potential of Renewable Energy in India]. World Bank / ESMAP, 2011.
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*[http://www.direc2010.gov.in/pdf/Indian-Renewable-Energy-Status-Report.pdf Indian Renewable Energy Status Report]. NREL, REN21, GTZ, IRADe, 2010.<br>
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*[http://www.direc2010.gov.in/pdf/Indian-Renewable-Energy-Status-Report.pdf Indian Renewable Energy Status Report]. NREL, REN21, GTZ, IRADe, 2010.
  
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== Rural Energy<br> ==
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== Rural Energy<br/> ==
  
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*[http://www.vasudha-india.org/publications/Shifting_of_Goal_Posts.pdf Shifting of Goal Posts - Rural Electrification in India: A Progress Report]. Vasudha Foundation, 2010.  
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*[http://www.vasudha-india.org/publications/Shifting_of_Goal_Posts.pdf Shifting of Goal Posts - Rural Electrification in India: A Progress Report]. Vasudha Foundation, 2010.
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*[http://www.wri.org/publication/power-to-the-people Power to the People: Investing in Clean Energy for the Base of the Pyramid in India.] WRI, 2010.<br>
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*[http://www.wri.org/publication/power-to-the-people Power to the People: Investing in Clean Energy for the Base of the Pyramid in India.] WRI, 2010.
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*[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/11/01/000158349_20101101152446/Rendered/PDF/WPS5463.pdf Energy Poverty in Rural and Urban India - Are the Energy Poor also Income Poor?] World Bank, 2010.  
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*[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/11/01/000158349_20101101152446/Rendered/PDF/WPS5463.pdf Energy Poverty in Rural and Urban India - Are the Energy Poor also Income Poor?] World Bank, 2010.
 
*[http://www.greenpeace.org/india/Global/india/report/2009/11/stillwaiting.pdf Still Waiting - Report on Energy Injustice]. Greenpeace, 2009.
 
*[http://www.greenpeace.org/india/Global/india/report/2009/11/stillwaiting.pdf Still Waiting - Report on Energy Injustice]. Greenpeace, 2009.
  
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[[Category:India]] [[Category:Country_Situation]]
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Revision as of 09:11, 15 February 2012

Overview

Republic of India
 
Flag of India svg.png

  
India_(orthographic_projection).svg

Capital

New Delhi (28° 36′ 50″ N, 77° 12′ 32″ E)

Official language(s)

Hindi, English

Government

Federal parliamentary constitutional republic

President

Pratibha Patil

Prime Minister

Manmohan Singh

Total area

3,287,263 km2

Population

1,210,193,422 (2011 estimate)

GDP (nominal)

$1.538 trillion (2010 estimate)

GDP Per capita

$1,265 (2010 estimate)

Currency

Indian rupee (INR)

Time zone

IST (UTC+05:30)

Calling code

+91


Energy situation

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Energy Supply

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Electricity

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Energy Consumption

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Energy demand in the household sector

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Electricity

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Access rate

2009 (IEA[1])
Electrification rate - 66.3%
Population without electricity - 403.7 million

2008 (IEA[2])
Electrification rate, total - 64.5%
Electrification rate, urban - 93.1%
Electrification rate, rural - 52.5%
Population without electricity - 404.5 million

Market situation for different energy technologies and services

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Solar Energy

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Wind Energy

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Biomass

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Biogas

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Hydro Power

Institutional Set-Up: Small Hydro Power

Other renewable Sources

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Key problems of the energy sector

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Policy framework, laws and regulations

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General Energy policy, Energy strategy

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Important Laws and regulations

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 Specific strategies (Biomass, renewable energies, rural electrification, energy access strategy etc.)

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Institutional set up in the energy sector, activities of other donors

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Governmental institutions

The Energy Sector in India is governed by four main ministries at the Central Government level, namely:

  • The Ministry of Power, which is in charge of electricity.
  • The Ministry of Oil and Gas, which controls pricing of oil and gas, licensing
    and their imports.
  • The Ministry of Coal, which controls pricing of coal, its imports and is also in
    charge mining of coal, and;
  •  the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).

In addition to these Ministries, there is also the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) which is in charge of all Nuclear Power Plants in the country. DAE works and reports directly to the Prime Minister of India.
All these ministries are guided in policy making by the “Power & Energy Policy and Rural Energy Division” of the Planning Commission of India.

Private sector (enterprises, NGOs)

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Activities of other donors, activities of NGOs

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Existing Projects 

Government Programmes

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM)

for more information see Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)

The Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) scheme was launched by the MoP in 2005 to increase the pace of rural electrification under the “Power for all by 2012” initiative. As progress of RGGVY was considered too slow during the 10th plan period, in 2008 the RGGVY was further extended into the 11th plan period (2007-12).
RGGVY financing is available for the following scheme:

  • A Rural Electricity Distribution Backbone (REDB) with 33/11 KV (or 66/11 KV) sub-station,
  • Village Electrification Infrastructure (VEI) with provision of minimum of one distribution transformer in each village or habitation,
  • Decentralised Distributed Generation (DDG) systems based on conventional sources or renewable energy where grid supply is not feasible or cost-effective.

On the ground, the schemes would be implemented by franchisees working as distribution companies for the local communities by buying power from the SEBs / DISCOMs and selling it to the final customers. Under RGGVY, the MoP grants 90% of investment costs for rural electrification projects through REC. SEBs are supposed to come up with the remaining 10% of the cost either through their own funds, loans from the REC, or other institutions. Final consumers would need to pay connection fees; however, for households below the poverty line (“BPL Households”), no connection fee would be charged.
RGGVY aims to electrify 125,000 villages and connect the entire 23.4 million “below poverty line” households with free connection. RGGVY is also expected to augment the existing network in 462,000 electrified villages by 2010. While so far the grid extension schemes of RGGVY are advancing according to plan (489.532 villages electrified; 82.32% of target achieved), almost no schemes have been implemented under DDG.

For more information: http://rggvy.gov.in

Remote Village Electrification (RVE) Programme

The Remote Village Electrification (RVE) programme of the MNRE supplements the efforts of MoP by electrifying un-electrified remote villages and hamlets where (i) grid connectivity is not feasible or not economical, and (ii) where DDG projects under RGGVY are not implemented. REC decides whether villages/hamlets will be covered under RGGVY or RVE.
The RVE programme is implemented in the states by state nodal agencies (like REDAs), which receive 90% capital subsidy from the MNRE. A remote village or remote hamlet will be considered electrified if at least 10% of the households are provided with lighting facility. The RVE is technology neutral, but in 80-85 % electricity is provided through solar PV systems.
The cumulative sanctions under the Programme since its inception reached around 9300 villages and hamlets; so far work has been completed in around 5400 villages and hamlets. A target for coverage of 10,000 villages and hamlets has been set for the 11th Plan, out of which around 2600 villages and hamlets had been taken up by March 2009.

For more information: http://www.mnre.gov.in/prog-rvlp.htm

Village Energy Security Test Projects (VESP), since 2004

The aim of the MNRE test projects on village energy security goes beyond electrification by addressing the total energy requirements for cooking, electricity, and motive power with a focus on use of biomass energy. 90% of the capital cost of the test projects would be met through central grant, subject to a benchmark of Rs.20,000/- per beneficiary household for meeting the total domestic and community energy requirements. There are 81 test projects under implementation in 10 States of which 54 projects have been commissioned.

During the mid-term appraisal of the 11th Plan in September 2009, a decision was made to concentrate on consolidating the VESP projects already taken up for implementation, during remaining plan period. The original proposal was to cover 1,000 villages with
a total outlay of INR 225 crore during the Plan period. However, a bulk of it has remained unspent.[3]

The World Bank has conducted a detailed assessment and identified lessons learned from VESP in a 2011 study: http://www.mnre.gov.in/pdf/VESP-Final-Report-July%202011.pdf

For more information: http://www.mnre.gov.in/adm-approvals/vesptest.pdf

National Biogas and Manure Management Programme (NBMMP), since 1981

The Central Sector Scheme on National Biogas and Manure Management Programme, which mainly caters to setting up of family type biogas plants, has been under implementation by MNRE since 1981-82. National Biogas and Manure Management Programme provides for central subsidy in fixed amounts, turn-key job fee linked with five years’ free maintenance warranty; financial support for repair of old-non functional plants; training of users, masons, entrepreneurs, etc.; publicity and extension; service charges or staff support; State level Biogas Development and Training Centres (BDTC); (fixed amount of CFA to institutional biogas plants); financial support for institutions for cattle dung based power generation plants; etc 
The Programme provides Central Financial Assistance (CFA) of Rs 2100to Rs14700 per family depending upon the capacity of the plant, location and the status of family. So far 4.12 million family type biogas plants have been installed. 34% of the potential has been realized so far (2008-09). The Programme is reviewed and revised from time to time in five year plans and annual plans.

For more information: http://www.mnre.gov.in/adm-approvals/prog-ftbp.htm

Solar PV Programme, since 1982

A country wide Solar Photovoltaic Demonstration Programme is being implemented by the MNRE for more than two decades. The Programme is aimed at developing cost effective PV technology and its applications for large-scale diffusion in different sectors, especially in rural and remote areas.

Major components of the solar PV programme include, R&D, Demonstration and Technology Utilization, Testing & Standardization, Industrial and Promotional activities etc.

The following solar PV systems are covered under the solar PV programmes of MNRE:

  • Solar Home Lighting Systems/Solar Home Systems
  • Solar Lanterns
  • Solar Street Lighting Systems
  • Stand-alone PV Power Plants
  • Solar PV Water Pumping systems
  • Other applications of solar PV Technology including new applications.

The programme provides Rs.2400 to Rs.17300 for solar lighting system depending upon the area, Rs125,000 to Rs.270,000/kWp for SPV standalone power plant depending upon the capacity of plant and region. For solar pumps a subsidy of Rs.30/Wp of SPV array used, subject to a maximum of Rs.50,000 is provided per system. So far, 510,877 SPV Home Lighting Systems, 767,350 Solar Lanterns, 82,384 Street Lighting Systems and 7,247 solar pumps have been installed.

For more information: http://www.mnre.gov.in/spv-prog.htm

National Biomass Cookstoves Initiative (NBCI), since 2009

under MNRE. for more information: http://www.mnre.gov.in/prog-nbci.htm

State-specific information

Bihar

Bihar Energy Situation

Publications

Energy Sector

RE in general

Rural Energy


External Links

References

  1. ↑ IEA Energy Access Database 2010: http://www.iea.org/weo/database_electricity10/electricity_database_web_2010.htm
  2. ↑ IEA Energy Access Database: http://www.iea.org/weo/database_electricity/electricity_access_database.htm
  3. ↑ Greenpeace India Society (2011): RGGVY - Progress Unlimited. Policy Brief. http://www.greenpeace.org/india/Global/india/report/Final_RGGVY_Policy_Brief.pdf
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