Montenegro Energy Situation

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Montenegro

Capital:

Podgorica

Region:

Europe & Central Asia

Coordinates:

42.708678° N, 19.374390° E

Total Area (km²): It includes a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways.

13,810

Population: It is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin.

616,177 (2023)

Rural Population (% of total population): It refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population.

31 (2023)

GDP (current US$): It is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources.

7,404,541,965 (2023)

GDP Per Capita (current US$): It is gross domestic product divided by midyear population

12,016.91 (2023)

Access to Electricity (% of population): It is the percentage of population with access to electricity.

100.00 (2022)

Energy Imports Net (% of energy use): It is estimated as energy use less production, both measured in oil equivalents. A negative value indicates that the country is a net exporter. Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.

27.57 (2014)

Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption (% of total): It comprises coal, oil, petroleum, and natural gas products.

64.66 (2014)

Source: World Bank

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Introduction

Montenegro has been making efforts to increase the share of renewable energy in its energy mix. The country has set targets and implemented policies to promote sustainable and cleaner energy sources.

Montenegro has a significant share of its electricity generated from hydropower. The country has been investing in the modernization and expansion of existing hydropower plants and the development of new ones. Has also been exploring the potential of wind energy. There have been developments in wind farm projects, with several wind farms in operation or under development.

Solar energy projects have been gaining attention, and there have been initiatives to harness solar power for electricity generation.

Energy Situation

Installed electricity capacity (MW) by Technology, Grid connection and Year

Total Installed Capacity by the end of year 2022 is 1,061.89 MW

Technology	Grid Connection	Year	Capacity (MW)
Solar photovoltaic	On-grid	2022	22.0
Onshore wind energy	On-grid	2022	118.00
Renewable hydropower	On-grid	2022	696.69
Coal and peat	On-grid	2022	225.00

Fig 1: Installed Electricity Capacity in Percentage

Energy Generation and Consumption

Description of data [unit]	2020	2021
Electricity production [GWh]	3.225	3.655
Gross electricity consumption [GWh]	3.311	3.491
Consumption structure [GWh] / industrial, transport, services and other	1.569	1.641
Consumption structure [GWh] / households (residential customers)	1.241	1.334

Net Import & Net Export

Description of data [unit]	2020	2021
Net imports [GWh]	5.886	5.318
Net exports [GWh]	5.771	5.489

Energy Loses

Description of data [unit]	2020	2021
Losses in transmission [%]	1.82%	1.79%
Losses in distribution [%]	12,9%	12.39%

Transmission network

Description of data [unit]	2020	2021
Horizontal transmission network [km]	1.411	1.423
Horizontal transmission network [km] / substation capacity [MVA]	3.867	4.166

No of consummers

Description of data [unit]	2020	2021
Electricity customers / total	404.785	413.404
Electricity customers / non-households	40.052	40.915
Eligible customers under national legislation	404.785	413.404

Internal Market

Description of data [unit]	2020	2021
Internal market / electricity supplied to active eligible customers [MWh]	2.700.116	2.975.178
Horizontal transmission network [km] / substation capacity [MVA]	96%	100%

Renewable Energy Potential

	Unit	Reference Case 2030	Remap 2030
Total installed power generation capacity	MW	1,299.00	1,385.00
Renewable capacity	MW	1,074.00	1,385.00
Hydropower	MW	781.00	823.00
Wind - onshoore	MW	190.00	190.00
Biofuels solid, liqluid, gaseous)	MW	71.00	79.00
Solar PV	MW	32.00	293.00
Non-renewable capacity	MW	225.00	0.00
Coal	MW	225.00	0.00

Technologies	Technical Potential MW
Solar PV	722.5
Wind	2,936.0
Hydro	2,040.0
≤ 10 MW	140.0
> 10 MW	1,900.0
Pumping
Biomass	198.0
Biogas	87.0
Solid Biomass	97.0
Biowaste	14.0
Geothermal el.	1.4
Total	5,897.9

Fig 2: Technical potential Capacity in Percentage

As we can see, if Montenegro would use its entire technical potential,ti would generating power by 455%.