Grid Integration of Renewable Energy

Introduction

To reduce dependence on fossil fuels, the integration of renewable energy sources into national grids is of utmost importance.

Solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind power are growing at an accelerated pace: They more than doubled in installed capacity and nearly doubled their share of global electricity generation from 2018 to 2023.

Variable Renewable Energy (VRE)

Variable renewable energy (VRE) sources are energy sources that do not always produce the same amount of electricity, but depend on the availability of fluctuating environmental inputs. They include wind, solar, run-of-river and ocean energy. This variability of supply requires flexibility of the grid system by using dispatchable generation, grid reinforcement, increased storage and demand management.

Six Phases of VRE Integration

IEA has outlined six phases of VRE integration from low integration to high impact, requiring a fundamental transformation of the electricity system.

Techical Challenges in Grid Integration

High VRE levels can pose operational challenges, especially short-term flexibility related to sub-second grid stability.

Further Information

Grid portal on energypedia