Chillers (PA Technology)

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Last modified by Axel Heinemann on 2014-11-09. This is a wiki so please feel free to update information by clicking on "Edit with form". | Printable version

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Name of technology example:		Type
Chillers		☑ Energy Efficiency ☑ Renewable Energy ☐ Alternative Methodology

Description	A chiller is a machine that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle. This liquid can then be circulated through a heat exchanger to cool air or equipment as required. As a necessary byproduct, refrigeration creates waste heat that must be exhausted to ambient or, for greater efficiency, recovered for heating purposes. Concerns in design and selection of chillers include performance, efficiency, maintenance and product life cycle environmental impact. Existing chiller technology can be operated with renewable energies. New environmental friendly refrigerants like NH4 (amonia), CO2, Propane or water will gain more and more importance. Cooling is responsible for almost 15% of the worlds electricity consumption. The energy saving potentials are high.
Technology for the Application of	☑ Solar ☐ Biomass ☐ Biofuel ☐ Biogas ☑ Wind ☐ Geo-Thermal ☑ Hydro ☑ Energy Efficiency ☐ Other: /
Primarily Relevant for the following Agricultural Value Chain Steps	☐ Mechanization ☐ Efficiency of Operation ☑ Processing ☐ Transportation ☐ Controlled Atmosphere ☐ Controlled Temperature ☐ Mechanical Sorting ☐ Preservation ☐ Other: /
Primarily Relevant for the following Agricultural Value Chain Activities	☐ Grinding ☐ Hauling and conveying ☐ Sorting ☐ Seedbed Preparation ☐ Milling ☐ Tearing ☐ Planting ☐ Washing ☐ Mixing ☐ Pumping ☐ Heating ☑ Drying ☐ Irrigation ☑ Cooling ☐ Animal feeding ☐ Fertilizing ☐ Venting ☐ Animal health and Welfare ☐ Pest Management ☐ Lighting ☐ Packing and branding ☐ Cutting ☐ Sanitation ☑ Other: Space cooling, dehumidification
Primarily Implemented in the following Commodity Groups	☐ Cereals ☐ Fruits and vegetables ☐ Nuts and berries ☐ Forage ☐ Dairy products ☐ Meat products ☐ Oil Seeds ☐ Roots and Tubers ☐ Eggs ☐ Pulses ☐ Fiber Crops ☐ Forestry ☐ Sugars ☐ Stimulants ☐ Spices ☑ Other: All commodity groups with cooling requirements
Region & Country of Development	Worldwide ☑ Africa ☑ South Asia ☑ East Asia & The Pacific ☑ Europe & Central Asia ☑ Latin America & The Caribbean ☑ Middle East & North Africa ☑ North America ☐ N/A: /
Region & Country of Current Deployment	Worldwide ☑ Africa ☑ South Asia ☑ East Asia & The Pacific ☑ Europe & Central Asia ☑ Latin America & The Caribbean ☑ Middle East & North Africa ☑ North America ☐ N/A: /
Region & Country of Potential Deployment	Worldwide ☑ Africa ☑ South Asia ☑ East Asia & The Pacific ☑ Europe & Central Asia ☑ Latin America & The Caribbean ☑ Middle East & North Africa ☑ North America ☐ N/A: /
Manufacturers	Carrier York Trane Copeland
Economics	The investment in a replacment old chiller system by new and efficient ones will be paid back short-term in many cases.
Technology Development Level	Widespread use;
Required Maintenance Technical Level	High: Technology can only be maintained through its life cycle with uncommon tools and requires trained professionals for maintenance;
Required Infrastructure for Deployment	High: Technology development requires either, high-development level supporting technologies or mid-development level supporting technologies and uncommon tools and professional personnel;
Required Resources during manufacture	Metals, Plastics, Chemicals
Required Resources during operation	Refrigerant, lubricants, electricity, water (in case of water-cooled chillers;
Deployment Level	Worldwide use;
Deployment Capability and Potential	The hugh potenzial for energy saving measures has to be deployed, limitations are education and trained people;
Requirements for Deployment	Training and education regarding the potential for energy saving measures, for use of renewable energies in cooling processes and for the replacement of environmentally critical refrigerants;
Relevance for Autonomy and Food Security	Requires supporting technology, energy and services from outside;
Environment Impacts (emissions)	Leaking refrigerants, heat;
Conformity with Bio- Cybernetic System Rules	High degree of conformity, when natural cooling is tapped to full potential, when chillers are operated with renewable energies and environmental friendly refrigerants, when heat recovery for thermal use and when recycling of the equipment is realized;
Additional information / Comments	No comments.
Internal Reference
Additional Links	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiller http://www.carrier.com http://www.york.com/ http://www.trane.com http://frigopol.com/de/downloads/verdichter/

"Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy," is not in the list (Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy, Alternative Methodology) of allowed values for the "PAT Type" property.