Difference between revisions of "Frame Conditions for Planning Cooking Energy Interventions"

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= The cooking energy system  =
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[[File:GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|left|831px|GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|alt=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]<br/><br/><!--
  
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Cooking Energy is a complex system which comprises issues related to the energy supply, the end user devices (e.g. cook stoves) and the user behaviour. While fuel supply and improved cook stoves have been given a lot of attention, the users’ capacity to manage the fuel, to handle the stove in the right way and to manage the cooking process in an energy efficient way is the most difficult and neglected aspect of the cooking energy system. But only through the way people are using their resources, the actual quality of the (energy) service is realised.
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Cooking Energy System |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cooking Energy Technologies and Practices|Cooking Energy System]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cooking Energy Technologies and Practices|Cooking Energy System]] {{!}} | }} <!--
  
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{| width="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Basics |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Basics about Cooking Energy|Basics]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Basics about Cooking Energy|Basics]] {{!}} | }} <!--
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| [[Image:GIZ 2011 overview cooking energy system.jpg|border|600px]]
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Policy Advice |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Policy Advice on Cooking Energy|Policy Advice]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Policy Advice on Cooking Energy|Policy Advice]] {{!}} | }} <!--
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Planning |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Planning Cooking Energy Interventions|Planning]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Planning Cooking Energy Interventions|Planning]] {{!}} | }} <!--
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | ICS Supply |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Improved Cookstoves .28ICS.29 Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing ICS Supply]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Improved Cookstoves .28ICS.29 Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing ICS Supply]] {{!}} | }} <!--
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Woodfuel Supply |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply]]''' {{!}} | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply]] {{!}} | }} <!--
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Climate Change |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Climate Change]]''' | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Climate Change]] {{!}} | }} <!--
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-->{{#ifeq: {{#show: {{PAGENAME}} |?Hera category}} | Extra |'''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Extra]]''' | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Extra]] }}
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<br>  
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= Introduction to Planning Cooking Energy Interventions<br/> =
  
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<br>  
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For planning the promotion of cooking energy interventions, it is important to take into consideration the entire Cooking Energy System.<br/>
  
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'''Key intervention areas for cooking energy'''<br>80% of the cooking energy in developing countries is based on the use of biomass fuels, in particular firewood and charcoal. The key interventions of cooking energy are therefore focussed on the supply and demand side of these wood fuels.  
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Cooking Energy is a complex system which comprises issues related to the energy supply, the end user devices (e.g. cook stoves), and the user behaviour. While fuel supply and improved cook stoves have been given a lot of attention, the users’ capacity to manage the fuel, to handle the stove in the right way, and to manage the cooking process in an energy efficient way are the most difficult and neglected aspects of the cooking energy system. It is only through the way people use their resources, that the actual quality of the (energy) service is realized.<br/>
  
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*A) ''Introduction and scaling up of the efficient use of improved wood fuel stoves'';<br>This includes both firewood and charcoal as well as both the stoves and the stove management practices.
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<br/>
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*B)''Increase (sustainable) wood fuel supply and efficient wood fuel management'';<br>This includes afforestation, sustainable forest management, efficient charcoal production and the fuel management at household level.
 
  
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However, improved efficiency of wood fuel consumption and increased wood fuel supply may not be sufficient to achieve a sustainable wood fuel supply-demand system. This might also be due to other demands of competing uses of the wood and land resources required for the wood fuel supply. As a result, a complementary third key intervention is required.  
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{| style="width: 100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"
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|-
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| [[File:GIZ 2011 overview cooking energy system.jpg|thumb|center|400px|Fig: Overview of cooking energy systems (GIZ 2011)|alt=GIZ 2011 overview cooking energy system.jpg]]<br/>
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|}
  
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*C) ''Promotion of alternative cooking energy options (fuels, stoves and practices);''<br>This includes other biomass fuels, non-biomass fuels and energy-efficient cooking practices.
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<br/>
  
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= The national political framework conditions for cooking energy =
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<br/><u>'''Key intervention areas for cooking energy'''</u><br/>
  
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Cooking energy is not always the key priority in national ministries dealing with energy matters. However, there still might be political ambitions, agendas, visions, prejudices against and preferences for specific technical solutions which will impact on the perception of a planning process.  
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<br/>80% of the cooking energy in developing countries is based on the use of biomass fuels, in particular firewood and charcoal.&nbsp;For this reason,&nbsp;the&nbsp;focus on&nbsp;interventions&nbsp;for cooking energy in this compendium is based on&nbsp;the supply and demand side of&nbsp;wood fuels.<br/>
  
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<br>  
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<u>These interventions are:</u>
  
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In the preparation of the [[Inception Studies for ICS opportunities|inception workshop]], it is therefore important to assess the national political frame conditions for the planning of ICS interventions.  
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*Introduction and scaling up of the efficient use of improved wood fuel stoves;<br/>This includes both firewood and charcoal as well as the stoves and the stove management practices.
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*Increase (sustainable) wood fuel supply and efficient wood fuel management;<br/>This includes afforestation, sustainable forest management, efficient charcoal production, and the fuel management at household level.
  
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Here are some examples of questions which have been useful for GIZ:<br>
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However, improved efficiency of wood fuel consumption and increased wood fuel supply may not be sufficient to achieve a sustainable wood fuel supply-demand system, due to other competing demands of wood and land resources.
  
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*What has happened nationally in the household energy sector in the past?
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<u>As a result, a complementary third key intervention is required:</u><br/>
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*How much knowledge (and which) is still available on stoves, small business development and marketing?
 
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*How much of this knowledge is available at the level of the ministry that is responsible for energy?
 
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*What is the guiding vision in the ministry concerning the future of cooking energy in the country?
 
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*What is the governments/ministries perception(s) and position(s) with regard to the use of wood fuels for cooking in rural and urban environments?
 
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*Are there strategies or policies regarding the use of specific fuels (e.g. a ban of charcoal?)
 
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*How do they perceive alternative fuel options for cooking energy?
 
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*How realistic and serious are these positions (relevance for practical actions)?
 
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*Who is either involved in, or supposed to support, the household energy sector?
 
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*Are there other ministries (e.g. forestry, environment, agriculture) who have a mandate and policy/strategy in the field of household energy? (if Yes: What are their positions to the above?)
 
  
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<br>  
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*Promotion of alternative cooking energy options (fuels, stoves and practices);<br/>This includes other biomass fuels, non-biomass fuels, and energy-efficient cooking practices.<br/>
  
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= The planning of cooking energy interventions for programs in other sectors  =
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Access to (cooking) energy has not been considered in the definition of the [[Facts on cooking energy#Cooking_energy_and_the_Millennium_Development_Goals|Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)]]. In the meantime it has become clear that it is nevertheless a key requisite to achieve many of the MDGs.
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Accordingly, key interventions to improve cooking energy systems are not always implemented in designated energy programs. In fact, quite often they are components in larger programs which are following other development goals.
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Hence the planning of cooking energy interventions is directed towards achieving maximum synergies with the main development goals of the “hosting” program. <br>  
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{| width="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
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= The National Political Framework Conditions for Cooking Energy<br/> =
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|-
 
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| [[Image:GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Systems.JPG|600px]]
 
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|}
 
  
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<br>  
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Cooking Energy needs public sector support and&nbsp; planning of interventions is done within political frame conditions. National governments and their ministries responsible for energy matters have their own political visions and experiences which determine the political frame conditions for the planning process of improved <span data-scaytid="3" data-scayt_word="cookstoves">cookstoves</span> (ICS) interventions.<br/>
  
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If this is the case, there are conditions or preferences towards the design of the implementation concept. As a result, many of such cooking energy components address only a section of the cooking energy system (e.g. fuel supply or supply and use of improved cook stoves respectively). Even the selection of the target group, the intervention area, the technologies and the production systems will be tailored towards supporting the requirements of the “hosting sector”.  
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Cooking energy is not always the key priority in national ministries dealing with energy matters. However, there still might be political ambitions, agendas, visions, prejudices against, and preferences for specific technical solutions which will impact on the perception of a planning process.<br/>
  
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= (How) Do we reach the poor?  =
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It is therefore important to assess the national political frame conditions for the planning of&nbsp;Cooking Energy&nbsp;interventions.<br/>
  
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Poverty reduction is the overarching goal of any development intervention. However, there can be huge difference between ‘directly addressing the needs of the poor’ and concepts where poverty reduction is an effect at the outer end of the result chain.  
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<u>Here are some examples of questions which have been useful for [http://www.giz.de/en/ GIZ]:</u><br/>
  
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The first step is to agree who should be considered poor in the given environment. Usually there is a strata within “the poor” which can be instrumental in the process of identifying the right target group.
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*What has happened nationally in the household energy sector in the past?<br/>
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*How much knowledge (and which) is still available on stoves, small business development, and marketing?<br/>
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*How much of this knowledge is available at the level of the ministry that is responsible for energy?<br/>
 +
*What is the guiding vision in the ministry concerning the future of cooking energy in the country?<br/>
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*What is the governments/ministries perception(s) and position(s) with regard to the use of wood fuels for cooking in rural and urban environments?<br/>
 +
*Are there strategies or policies regarding the use of specific fuels (e.g. a ban of charcoal?)<br/>
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*How do national ministries<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"></span>perceive alternative fuel options for cooking energy?<br/>
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*How realistic and serious are these positions (relevance for practical actions)?<br/>
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*Who is either involved in, or supposed to support, the household energy sector?<br/>
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*Are there other ministries (e.g. forestry, environment, agriculture) who have a mandate and policy/strategy in the field of household energy? (if Yes: What are their positions to the above?)<br/>
  
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Generally, four concepts of how to address specifically very poor target groups can be distinguished:<br>  
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<br/>
  
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#Promotion of'''<u>“non-cash”</u> '''solutions
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#Make “<u>'''special products”'''</u> for the poor available
 
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#Make <u>'''“special prices”'''</u> for the poor available
 
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#Reaching the poor by improving <u>'''social services'''</u>
 
  
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Each of these concepts has its specific rational and approaches.&nbsp;
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{| width="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
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<br/>
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|-
 
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| [[Image:GIZ_HERA-reaching_the_poor.pdf|600px|GIZ HERA-reaching the poor.pdf]]
 
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<br>  
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= References<br/> =
  
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At some stage there seems to be a trade-off between poverty orientation and sustainability. “Non-cash” self-help stoves and highly subsidized stoves may allow reaching fast many very poor people. <br>However, it is not uncommon that for both approaches the duration of their impact is rather short for different reasons:<br>
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This article was originally published by [http://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/html/2769.html GIZ HERA]. It is basically based on experiences, lessons learned and information gathered by GIZ cook stove projects. You can find more information about the authors and experts of the original “Cooking Energy Compendium” in the [[Imprint - GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|Imprint]].
  
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*If households produce their own stove themselves, they do not have much practice and the quality and life-span of such stoves will be low. This leads to frustration and return to the baseline stove after some years.
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<references />
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*If stoves are given out for free or with a very high subsidy, this approach will work until the resources to finance such approach are exhausted. As people have been made believe that stoves are cheap or for free, it is difficult to facilitate a transition to a market based approach later on.
 
  
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<br/>[[Frame Conditions for Planning Cooking Energy Interventions#toc|►Top of the page]]<br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]
  
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The development of special products (to be sold at commercial rates) or the support through improved social services takes a much slower development path as compared to the free hand out or self help approach. On the other hand, in many cases the results have been more sustainable.<br>
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{{#set:Hera category=Planning}}
  
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[[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium]] [[Category:GIZ_HERA]]
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[[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium_(GIZ_HERA)]]
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[[Category:Cooking_Energy]]
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[[Category:Improved_Cooking]]

Latest revision as of 12:59, 30 April 2018

GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png



Cooking Energy System | Basics | Policy Advice | Planning | Designing and Implementing ICS Supply | Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply | Climate Change | Extra


Introduction to Planning Cooking Energy Interventions

For planning the promotion of cooking energy interventions, it is important to take into consideration the entire Cooking Energy System.

Cooking Energy is a complex system which comprises issues related to the energy supply, the end user devices (e.g. cook stoves), and the user behaviour. While fuel supply and improved cook stoves have been given a lot of attention, the users’ capacity to manage the fuel, to handle the stove in the right way, and to manage the cooking process in an energy efficient way are the most difficult and neglected aspects of the cooking energy system. It is only through the way people use their resources, that the actual quality of the (energy) service is realized.


GIZ 2011 overview cooking energy system.jpg
Fig: Overview of cooking energy systems (GIZ 2011)



Key intervention areas for cooking energy


80% of the cooking energy in developing countries is based on the use of biomass fuels, in particular firewood and charcoal. For this reason, the focus on interventions for cooking energy in this compendium is based on the supply and demand side of wood fuels.

These interventions are:

  • Introduction and scaling up of the efficient use of improved wood fuel stoves;
    This includes both firewood and charcoal as well as the stoves and the stove management practices.
  • Increase (sustainable) wood fuel supply and efficient wood fuel management;
    This includes afforestation, sustainable forest management, efficient charcoal production, and the fuel management at household level.

However, improved efficiency of wood fuel consumption and increased wood fuel supply may not be sufficient to achieve a sustainable wood fuel supply-demand system, due to other competing demands of wood and land resources.

As a result, a complementary third key intervention is required:

  • Promotion of alternative cooking energy options (fuels, stoves and practices);
    This includes other biomass fuels, non-biomass fuels, and energy-efficient cooking practices.





The National Political Framework Conditions for Cooking Energy

Cooking Energy needs public sector support and  planning of interventions is done within political frame conditions. National governments and their ministries responsible for energy matters have their own political visions and experiences which determine the political frame conditions for the planning process of improved cookstoves (ICS) interventions.

Cooking energy is not always the key priority in national ministries dealing with energy matters. However, there still might be political ambitions, agendas, visions, prejudices against, and preferences for specific technical solutions which will impact on the perception of a planning process.

It is therefore important to assess the national political frame conditions for the planning of Cooking Energy interventions.

Here are some examples of questions which have been useful for GIZ:

  • What has happened nationally in the household energy sector in the past?
  • How much knowledge (and which) is still available on stoves, small business development, and marketing?
  • How much of this knowledge is available at the level of the ministry that is responsible for energy?
  • What is the guiding vision in the ministry concerning the future of cooking energy in the country?
  • What is the governments/ministries perception(s) and position(s) with regard to the use of wood fuels for cooking in rural and urban environments?
  • Are there strategies or policies regarding the use of specific fuels (e.g. a ban of charcoal?)
  • How do national ministriesperceive alternative fuel options for cooking energy?
  • How realistic and serious are these positions (relevance for practical actions)?
  • Who is either involved in, or supposed to support, the household energy sector?
  • Are there other ministries (e.g. forestry, environment, agriculture) who have a mandate and policy/strategy in the field of household energy? (if Yes: What are their positions to the above?)





References

This article was originally published by GIZ HERA. It is basically based on experiences, lessons learned and information gathered by GIZ cook stove projects. You can find more information about the authors and experts of the original “Cooking Energy Compendium” in the Imprint.



►Top of the page
--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium

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