Difference between revisions of "Wind Turbine Technology"

From energypedia
***** (***** | *****)
m
***** (***** | *****)
m
Line 1: Line 1:
 +
{{Revision|(PLEASE HELP TO FILL THIS ARTICLE WITH MORE INFORMATION.).}}
 +
 
<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"></span>
 
<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"></span>
 +
 +
== Introduction<br/> ==
 +
 +
  
 
== Wind Turbine Control Concepts<br/> ==
 
== Wind Turbine Control Concepts<br/> ==
Line 14: Line 20:
  
 
*
 
*
 +
 
Passive Stall
 
Passive Stall
  
Line 19: Line 26:
  
 
*
 
*
 +
 
Active Stall
 
Active Stall
  
Line 95: Line 103:
  
 
=== Generator with Fully Rated Converter and Direct Drive<br/> ===
 
=== Generator with Fully Rated Converter and Direct Drive<br/> ===
 
 
  
 
[[File:Generator with Fully Rated Converter and direct drive.jpg|frame|center|Generator with Fully Rated Converter and direct drive.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
 
[[File:Generator with Fully Rated Converter and direct drive.jpg|frame|center|Generator with Fully Rated Converter and direct drive.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>

Revision as of 12:38, 12 June 2012

Maintenance: Revision needed
This article needs to be revised. Please rewrite the article according to the specifications below. Only remove this maintenance box after a thorough revision of this article. See the discussion page for more details or start a discussion there.

In particular the following aspects and passages have been specified to be in need for a revision:
(PLEASE HELP TO FILL THIS ARTICLE WITH MORE INFORMATION.).

Introduction

Wind Turbine Control Concepts

Aerodynamics

Aerodynamics of a wind turbine blade

[1]

Stall

Wind turbine blade aerodynamics - stall control

[2]

Stall Control:

Passive Stall

Power of the wind turbine is limited by the aerodynamic characteristics of the turbine.

Active Stall

Power of the wind turbine is limited additionally by decreasing the pitch angle (increasing the inflow angle ).


Pitch

Aerodynamics at a wind turbine blade during control through pitching

[3]

Pitch Control:

  • Power of the wind turbine is limited by increasing the pitch angle (decreasing the inflow angle α)


Wind Turbine Operation

Operation of Fix Speed Wind Turbine (Passive Stall)

  • Start up (with open breaker) if wind speed > cut-in wind speed
  • Close breaker
  • Operation at constant blade angle over the whole wind speed range
  • In case of large wind speeds: Power limited by aerodynamic profile.


Operation of Variable Speed Wind-Turbines

Start up (with open breaker) if wind speed > cut-in wi

Typical power curves of wind turbines.jpg

nd speed
• Close breaker



• Below rated wind-speed
– Maximum power coefficient (Max. Power Tracking)



– Evt: Speed Limitation
• Above rated wind-speed:
– P=Pr
ated (Limited by power electronics converter)
– Pitching

• Advantages of variable speed operation:
– Lower cut-in wind speeds
– Higher efficiency, especially at low wind speeds
– Lower power variations (compared to fixed speed turbines)
• Disadvantage: More expensive!


[4]

Generator Concepts

Overview Wind generator concepts.jpg

[5]

Fixed Speed Induction Generator

Fixed speed induction generator.jpg

[6]

Only fix speed operation possible (stall control required)
• Reactive power compensation required
• No reactive power control capability. Additional devices required:
– TSCs (Thyristor switched capacitors)
– STATCOMs
• Risk of dynamic voltage collapse
GTZ Expert Workshop 2010: Grid and System Integration of Wind Energy, 22/23.11.2010, Berlin/Germany
y g p
– > Typically, wind generators based on induction generators are asked to
disconnect in case of voltage dips

Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance

Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance.jpg

[7]

Simple concept for variable speed operation.
• Reactive power compensation required.
• No reactive power control capability. Additional devices required:
– TSCs (Thyristor switched capacitors)
– STATCOMs
• Limited LVRT capability. Dynamic voltage collapse problems have to
GTZ Expert Workshop 2010: Grid and System Integration of Wind Energy, 22/23.11.2010, Berlin/Germany
be mitigated by:
– Fast increase of rotor resistance during faults
– Additional reactive power compensation devices (typically TSCs)


Doubly-Fed Induction Generator

Doubly-fed induction generator.jpg

[8]

Doubly fed induction generatorf Power flow over- and subsyncronous speed.jpg

[9]

Generator with Fully Rated Converter

Generator with Fully Rated Converter Kopie.jpg

[10]

Generator with Fully Rated Converter and Direct Drive

Generator with Fully Rated Converter and direct drive.jpg

[11]

Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box

Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box.jpg

[12]

References

  1. Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[1]]
  2. Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[2]]
  3. Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[3]]
  4. Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[4]]
  5. Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[5]]
  6. Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[6]]
  7. Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[7]]
  8. Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[8]]
  9. Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[9]]
  10. Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[10]]
  11. Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[11]]
  12. Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[12]]

Portal:Wind