Difference between revisions of "Solar Home Systems (SHS)"
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=== '''<span id="1331903177344S" style="display: none">Introduction </span>''' === | === '''<span id="1331903177344S" style="display: none">Introduction </span>''' === | ||
| − | '''Solar home systems '''(SHS) are stand-alone [[Photovoltaics|photovoltaic]] systems that offer a cost-effective mode of supplying amenity power for lighting and appliances to remote off-grid households. In rural areas, that are not connected to the [[Grid|grid]], SHS can be used to meet a household's energy demand fulfilling basic electric needs. Globally SHS provide power to hundreds of thousands of households in remote locations where electrification by the grid is not feasible<ref name="Energy Technology">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: I - Energy Technology</ref>. SHS usually operate at a rated voltage of 12 V direct current (DC) and provide power for low power DC [[Lamps and Electric Appliances|appliances]] such as [[Lighting Technologies|lights]], radios and small TVs for about three to five hours a day. Furthermore they use appliances such as cables, switches, mounts, and structural parts and power conditioners / inverters, which change 12/ 24 V power to 240VAC power for larger appliances<ref name="Energy Technology">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: I - Energy Technology</ref>. SHS are best used with efficient appliances so as to limit the size of the array. | + | '''Solar home systems '''(SHS) are stand-alone [[Photovoltaics|photovoltaic]]systems that offer a cost-effective mode of supplying amenity power for lighting and appliances to remote off-grid households. In rural areas, that are not connected to the [[Grid|grid]], SHS can be used to meet a household's energy demand fulfilling basic electric needs. Globally SHS provide power to hundreds of thousands of households in remote locations where electrification by the grid is not feasible<ref name="Energy Technology">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: I - Energy Technology</ref>. SHS usually operate at a rated voltage of 12 V direct current (DC) and provide power for low power DC [[Lamps and Electric Appliances|appliances]] such as [[Lighting Technologies|lights]], radios and small TVs for about three to five hours a day. Furthermore they use appliances such as cables, switches, mounts, and structural parts and power conditioners / inverters, which change 12/ 24 V power to 240VAC power for larger appliances<ref name="Energy Technology">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: I - Energy Technology</ref>. SHS are best used with efficient appliances so as to limit the size of the array. |
| − | A SHS typically includes one or more PV modules consisting of [[Solar Cells and Modules|solar cells]], a [[Charge Controllers|charge controller]] which distributes power and protects the batteries and appliances from damage and at least one [[Batteries|battery]] to store energy for use when the sun is not shining. | + | A SHS typically includes one or more PV modules consisting of [[Solar Cells and Modules|solar cells]], a [[Charge Controllers|charge controller]] which distributes power and protects the batteries and appliances from damage and at least one [[Batteries|battery]] to store energy for use when the sun is not shining. |
| − | They contribute to the improvement of the standard of living by | + | They contribute to the improvement of the standard of living by |
| − | *reducing indoor air pollution and therefore improving health as they replace kerosene lamps, | + | *reducing indoor air pollution and therefore improving health as they replace kerosene lamps, |
| − | *providing lighting for home study, | + | *providing lighting for home study, |
| − | *giving the possibility of working at night and | + | *giving the possibility of working at night and |
*facilitating the access to information and communication (radio, TV, mobile phone charging). | *facilitating the access to information and communication (radio, TV, mobile phone charging). | ||
| − | Furthermore, SHS avoid greenhouse gas emissions by reducing the use of conventional energy ressources like kerosene, gas or dry cell batteries or replacing diesel generators for electricity generation. Further impacts of renewable energies, such as SHS, can be found in the [[EnDev Report on Impacts|Report on Impacts.]] | + | Furthermore, SHS avoid greenhouse gas emissions by reducing the use of conventional energy ressources like kerosene, gas or dry cell batteries or replacing diesel generators for electricity generation. Further impacts of renewable energies, such as SHS, can be found in the [[EnDev Report on Impacts|Report on Impacts.]] |
| − | Stand-alone photovoltaic systems can also be used to provide electricity for [[Energy for Rural Health Centers|health stations]] to operate [[Lamps and Electric Appliances|lamps]] during night and a [[Lamps and Electric Appliances#Refrigerators|refrigerator]] for vaccines and medicines to better serve the community. | + | Stand-alone photovoltaic systems can also be used to provide electricity for [[Energy for Rural Health Centers|health stations]] to operate [[Lamps and Electric Appliances|lamps]] during night and a [[Lamps and Electric Appliances#Refrigerators|refrigerator]] for vaccines and medicines to better serve the community. |
| − | === Technical Standards for Solar Home Systems<br> === | + | === Technical Standards for Solar Home Systems<br/> === |
| − | To assure the quality of a photovoltaic power system and its correct functioning and guarantee costumers' satisfaction, it is important that the components of the system and the system as a whole meet certain requirements. | + | To assure the quality of a photovoltaic power system and its correct functioning and guarantee costumers' satisfaction, it is important that the components of the system and the system as a whole meet certain requirements. |
| − | The GIZ prepared a publication which gives an overview of different standardisation activities and existing standards that are relevant for solar home systems (SHS) and rural health power supply systems (RHS): [[Technical Standards for SHS|Technical Standards for SHS]]. | + | The GIZ prepared a publication which gives an overview of different standardisation activities and existing standards that are relevant for solar home systems (SHS) and rural health power supply systems (RHS): [[Technical Standards for SHS|Technical Standards for SHS]]. |
| − | [[ | + | [[File:Solar Panel on Roof.JPG|center|349px|Solar Panel on Roof.JPG]] |
| − | === Planning, Installation and Maintenance of SHS<br> === | + | === Planning, Installation and Maintenance of SHS<br/> === |
| − | Before installing a photovoltaic (PV) solar home system (SHS), its size has to be calculated according to different assumptions, such as measurement of solar radiation, solar insolation and power demand. Regarding the installation process, Solar Home Systems have to be installed by a trained technician who knows how to handle its different parts. Thus, aspects of mainentance and a solar technical training manual is presented: [[Planning, Installation and Maintenance of SHS|Planning, Installation and Maintenance of SHS.]] | + | Before installing a photovoltaic (PV) solar home system (SHS), its size has to be calculated according to different assumptions, such as measurement of solar radiation, solar insolation and power demand. Regarding the installation process, Solar Home Systems have to be installed by a trained technician who knows how to handle its different parts. Thus, aspects of mainentance and a solar technical training manual is presented: [[Planning, Installation and Maintenance of SHS|Planning, Installation and Maintenance of SHS.]] |
| − | === Costs<br> === | + | === Costs<br/> === |
| − | Typical systems costs in the Eastern Africa region range between US$ 170 for a 12 Wp system and up to US$ 2,000 for a 150 Wp system. For developed countries the average cost per installed watt for a residential sized system is about US$ 6.50 to US$ 7.50, including panels, inverters, mounts, and electrical items. In Eastern Africa the cost is 2-3 times higher<ref name="Energy Technology">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: I - Energy Technology</ref>. For more detailed information on SHS costs click [[SHS Costs|here]]. | + | Typical systems costs in the Eastern Africa region range between US$ 170 for a 12 Wp system and up to US$ 2,000 for a 150 Wp system. For developed countries the average cost per installed watt for a residential sized system is about US$ 6.50 to US$ 7.50, including panels, inverters, mounts, and electrical items. In Eastern Africa the cost is 2-3 times higher<ref name="Energy Technology">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: I - Energy Technology</ref>. For more detailed information on SHS costs click [[SHS Costs|here]]. |
| − | === [[Tools to prevent theft of panels|Tools to prevent theft of panels]]<br> === | + | === [[Tools to prevent theft of panels|Tools to prevent theft of panels]]<br/> === |
| − | === References<br> === | + | === References<br/> === |
<references /> | <references /> | ||
| − | | + | |
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[[Category:Solar]] | [[Category:Solar]] | ||
Revision as of 12:53, 9 May 2012
Solar home systems (SHS) are stand-alone photovoltaicsystems that offer a cost-effective mode of supplying amenity power for lighting and appliances to remote off-grid households. In rural areas, that are not connected to the grid, SHS can be used to meet a household's energy demand fulfilling basic electric needs. Globally SHS provide power to hundreds of thousands of households in remote locations where electrification by the grid is not feasible[1]. SHS usually operate at a rated voltage of 12 V direct current (DC) and provide power for low power DC appliances such as lights, radios and small TVs for about three to five hours a day. Furthermore they use appliances such as cables, switches, mounts, and structural parts and power conditioners / inverters, which change 12/ 24 V power to 240VAC power for larger appliances[1]. SHS are best used with efficient appliances so as to limit the size of the array.
A SHS typically includes one or more PV modules consisting of solar cells, a charge controller which distributes power and protects the batteries and appliances from damage and at least one battery to store energy for use when the sun is not shining.
They contribute to the improvement of the standard of living by
- reducing indoor air pollution and therefore improving health as they replace kerosene lamps,
- providing lighting for home study,
- giving the possibility of working at night and
- facilitating the access to information and communication (radio, TV, mobile phone charging).
Furthermore, SHS avoid greenhouse gas emissions by reducing the use of conventional energy ressources like kerosene, gas or dry cell batteries or replacing diesel generators for electricity generation. Further impacts of renewable energies, such as SHS, can be found in the Report on Impacts.
Stand-alone photovoltaic systems can also be used to provide electricity for health stations to operate lamps during night and a refrigerator for vaccines and medicines to better serve the community.
Technical Standards for Solar Home Systems
To assure the quality of a photovoltaic power system and its correct functioning and guarantee costumers' satisfaction, it is important that the components of the system and the system as a whole meet certain requirements.
The GIZ prepared a publication which gives an overview of different standardisation activities and existing standards that are relevant for solar home systems (SHS) and rural health power supply systems (RHS): Technical Standards for SHS.
Planning, Installation and Maintenance of SHS
Before installing a photovoltaic (PV) solar home system (SHS), its size has to be calculated according to different assumptions, such as measurement of solar radiation, solar insolation and power demand. Regarding the installation process, Solar Home Systems have to be installed by a trained technician who knows how to handle its different parts. Thus, aspects of mainentance and a solar technical training manual is presented: Planning, Installation and Maintenance of SHS.
Costs
Typical systems costs in the Eastern Africa region range between US$ 170 for a 12 Wp system and up to US$ 2,000 for a 150 Wp system. For developed countries the average cost per installed watt for a residential sized system is about US$ 6.50 to US$ 7.50, including panels, inverters, mounts, and electrical items. In Eastern Africa the cost is 2-3 times higher[1]. For more detailed information on SHS costs click here.
Tools to prevent theft of panels
References
