Difference between revisions of "Control Equipment - Hydropower"

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== Overview: <br>  ==
 
  
 
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<span style="display: none;" id="1274973221030S">&nbsp;</span>  
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= Overview<br/> =
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Function:</span> ===
 
  
<span style="display: none;" id="1274973221741E">&nbsp;</span>  
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Load- or Flow- controller ensure that the power output does not exceed the power demand (e.g. 230V, 50 Hz).<br/>If flow of water in a MHP-station is constant the energy output of a turbine/generator is constant as well. Power demand is usually fluctuating over the time (e.g. day/night). If supply is higher than demand, excess energy must be diverted, dumped. Alternatively the water flow can be reduced which results in less power output. In case of more power demand than supply the controller cuts of the of demand line. Load controller are placed between generator output and the consumer line.<br/>
  
<span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Load- or Flow- controller
 
ensure that the power output does not exceed the power demand (e.g. 230V, 50
 
Hz). </span>
 
  
<span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">If flow of water in a MHP-station is constant
 
the energy output of a turbine/generator is constant as well. Power
 
demand is
 
usually fluctuating over the time (e.g. day/night). </span><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">If supply is higher than demand, excess energy is diverted/dumped or the
 
flow is reduced. In case of more power demand than supply the controler cuts of
 
the of demand line.&nbsp;</span> <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Load controller are placed
 
between generator output and the consumer line. </span><!--EndFragment-->
 
  
<span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">[[Image:Mhp-scheme.jpg|right|560x386px|Elements of a Micro Hydro Power Scheme]]
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<u>Function Principles:</u><br/>
</span>  
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[[File:Mhp-scheme.jpg|thumb|center|521px|MHP Scheme|alt=Mhp-scheme.jpg]]
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<br/>
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= Controller Types<br/> =
  
 
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== Load Controller<br/> ==
 +
 
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[[File:Controler.jpg|thumb|right|320px|Controler|alt=Controler.jpg]]<br/>
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Electronic circuit, which keeps output power constant in Frequency- and Voltage- parameters.
 +
 
 +
Fluctuating energy demand requires a mechanism which either regulates the water input into the turbine (= flow control) or by diverting excess energy from the consumer connection (= ballast load).
 +
 
 +
<br/>
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► [[Hydropower_-_Equipment#Load_Control_Governors|Hydropower Equipment - Load Control Governors]]<br/>
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 +
<br/>
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== Ballast Load<br/> ==
  
=== <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Controll Elements</span> ===
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Ballast load are usually electrical heaters in water or air. If energy demand is temporarily low the excess energy is converted into heat.<br/>
  
==== <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Load controller</span> ====
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<br/>
  
<span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Electronic circuit, which keeps output power constant in Frequency- and
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== Flow Control<br/> ==
Voltage- parameters.</span>  
 
  
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The flow control regulates the amount of water into the turbine in order to match power output and power demand.<br/>
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Fluctuating
 
energy demand requires a mechanism which either regulates the water input into
 
the turbine (=&gt; flow control) or<span style="">&nbsp; </span>by diverting excess energy from the consumer connection (=&gt;ballast load).&nbsp;</span><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]-->
 
</span>  
 
  
==== <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Flow controll:</span>  ====
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Nowadays flow control is done mostly via electronics (which steer a valve).
  
<span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">regulates the amount of water into the
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[[File:Flow-control.jpg|thumb|center|547px|The principle of flow control|alt=principle flow control]]<br/>
turbine in order to match power output and power demand.</span>  
 
  
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= Further Information<br/> =
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*[[Portal:Hydro|Hydro Portal on energypedia]]
 +
*[[Electrical-Mechanical Equipment|Electrical-Mechanical Equipment]]<br/>
 +
*[[Hydropower - Equipment|Hydropower - Equipment]]<br/>
 +
*General: [[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) Manuals|Micro Hydro Power Manuals]]
 +
*[[:File:Good and bad of mini hydro power vol.1.pdf|Good and Bad of Mini Hydro Power]]
  
==== <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Ballast load:</span> ====
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<br/>
  
<span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">If energy demand is temporarily low, </span><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">the controller sends </span><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">excess energy to the Ballst Load. This are u</span><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">sually electrical heaters in water or air.
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= References<br/> =
</span> <!--EndFragment-->
 
  
*..
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<references /><br/>
*<br>
 
  
 
[[Category:Hydro]]
 
[[Category:Hydro]]

Latest revision as of 07:03, 4 November 2014


Overview

Load- or Flow- controller ensure that the power output does not exceed the power demand (e.g. 230V, 50 Hz).
If flow of water in a MHP-station is constant the energy output of a turbine/generator is constant as well. Power demand is usually fluctuating over the time (e.g. day/night). If supply is higher than demand, excess energy must be diverted, dumped. Alternatively the water flow can be reduced which results in less power output. In case of more power demand than supply the controller cuts of the of demand line. Load controller are placed between generator output and the consumer line.


Function Principles:

Mhp-scheme.jpg
MHP Scheme


Controller Types

Load Controller

Controler.jpg
Controler


Electronic circuit, which keeps output power constant in Frequency- and Voltage- parameters.

Fluctuating energy demand requires a mechanism which either regulates the water input into the turbine (= flow control) or by diverting excess energy from the consumer connection (= ballast load).


Hydropower Equipment - Load Control Governors


Ballast Load

Ballast load are usually electrical heaters in water or air. If energy demand is temporarily low the excess energy is converted into heat.


Flow Control

The flow control regulates the amount of water into the turbine in order to match power output and power demand.

Nowadays flow control is done mostly via electronics (which steer a valve).

principle flow control
The principle of flow control


Further Information


References