Difference between revisions of "Achieving Universal Access to Electricity in Myanmar"
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| − | <p style="text-align: center;"><br/><span style="color:#696969;">We are on track to results! The first international competitive bidding to supply and install approximately 140,000 solar home systems under the World Bank-supported National Electrification Project will open on May 12, 2016 at the Department of Rural Development of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation.</span><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br/></p> | + | <p style="text-align: center;"><br/><span style="color:#696969;">We are on track to results! The first international competitive bidding to supply and install approximately 140,000 solar home systems under the World Bank-supported National Electrification Project will open on May 12, 2016 at the Department of Rural Development of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation.</span><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p> |
| + | = '''Energy Policy Note''' = | ||
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| + | [http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/myanmar/publication/all-aboard-policies-for-shared-prosperity-in-myanmar Article] | ||
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| + | [http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2016/02/16/090224b084187754/1_0/Rendered/PDF/All0aboard0.pdf Energy Policy Note (English)] | ||
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| + | <span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2016/02/29/090224b0841bd669/1_0/Rendered/PDF/All0aboard0.pdf Energy Policy Note (Burmese)]</span> | ||
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Revision as of 20:09, 11 May 2016
We are on track to results! The first international competitive bidding to supply and install approximately 140,000 solar home systems under the World Bank-supported National Electrification Project will open on May 12, 2016 at the Department of Rural Development of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation.
Energy Policy Note
Implementation of the National Electrification Plan
Myanmar National Electrification Project
The Myanmar National Electrification Project (MNEP) will support the expansion of electricity services in Myanmar through grid and off-grid solutions, and will work with all development partners and the private sector in these areas. The proposed project is expected to be the first in a series of WBG operations supporting public private sector investments aiming to help achieve universal access to electricity in Myanmar by 2030.
Technical Consultation Workshop (Dec 4, 2015)
Procurement Workshop with DRD (Nov 24, 2015)
Procurement Workshop with MOEP (Oct 27, 2015)
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Workshop (Oct 23, 2015)
A workshop was held on October 23, 2015 on LNG recent trends and prospects, including a demonstration of simulation tools for analysis of LNG options.
The workshop put a spotlight specifically on the floating LNG import terminal space.
70 representatives attended from Myanmar government agencies, international organizations, and the local and foreign private sectors. The workshop was followed by a demonstration of an LNG-to-power financial model, which was open to about 30 Government representatives.
- Agenda
- Liquefied Natural Gas: Global Overview - Presentation - Alan Townsend - World Bank
- Around the World in FSRU’s - Lng Floating Storage And Regasification Units: Innovations, Lessons And Cautionary Tales
NEP Project Launch Workshop (Oct 21-21, 2015)
First NEP Implementation Workshop
Grand Ball Room, Thingaha Hotel, Nay Pyi Taw
Oct 21, 2015
Session #1: Procurement Management
- Procurement policy guidelines, processes and procedures
Sirirat Sirijaratwong, Procurement Specialist, World Bank
Myat Kay Khine, Procurement Specialist, World Bank - Procurement plan - Grid component
U Thura Aung Bo, Deputy Chief Engineer, Head of PMO, MOEP - Procurement plan - Off-grid component
U Kyaw Swar Aung, Director, Procurement, DRD
Session #2: Financial Management and Disbursement
- Financial Management Process and procedures
Frederick Yankey
Daw Nyo Nyo Win, Director( Finance) DRD
Session #3: State/Region Perspectives - Issues, Challenges, and Priorities of Electrification
- Presentation for State/Region (Grid and Off- Grid)
- Yangon
- Mandalay Region
- Kachin State
- Kayah State
- Kayin State
- Mon State
- Rakhine State
- Northern Shan State
- Southern Shan State
- Nay Pyi Taw Council Area
- Sagaing Region
- Magway Region
- Pago(West) Region
- Ayeyarwady Region
- Chin State
- Eastern Shan State
- Tanintharyi Region
Oct 22, 2015
Session #4: NEP project overview
- Overview of Implementation arrangement for National Electrification Project
Dr.Dejan Ostojic, Lead Energy Specialist, The World Bank - Grid Extension Components of NEP : objectives, scope and implementation arrangement’s
U Thura Aung Bo, Deputy Chief Engineer, Head of PMO, MOEP - Off-grid Electrification Components of NEP: objectives, scope, and implementation arrangements
Dr. Daw Soe Soe Ohn, Head of PMO, DRD
Session #5: Environmental and Social Impact Management
- Environmental and Social Safeguards Management Framework and its implementation
Frank van Woerden, Lead Environment Engineer, World Bank
Warren Mayes, Senior Social Development Specialist, World Bank
Press Release, Feature Story and Video (Sept 16, 2015)
Press Release: Millions of Poor People in Myanmar to Gain Access to Electricity
Feature Story: Electricity to Transform Rural Myanmar
Video: Access to Electricity Vital for Ending Poverty in Myanmar
Public Consultations on Draft Safeguars Intruments (May 14-16-18, 2015)
The World Bank is currently working with the Ministry of Electric Power (MOEP) and Department of Rural Development (DRD) of the Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development in the preparation of the proposed Myanmar National Electrification Project. MOEP and DRD, with assistance from consultants and the World Bank, have prepared a DRAFT Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) that will guide the application of the relevant World Bank safeguard policies to the project. A Poverty and Social Impact Assessment (PSIA) has been undertaken to inform the project and the ESMF.
DRD and MOEP are inviting interested stakeholders to public consultations concerning these draft safeguard instruments as follows: Thursday May 14 in Mandalay; Saturday May 16 in Taunggyi; and Monday May 18 in Yangon.
The draft documents are available in Myanmar and English languages (the Myanmar version of the full Preliminary PSIA to Inform the ESMF will be posted shortly):
- DRAFT Preliminary PSIA to Inform ESMF - Full Document - English Language - April 30 2015
- DRAFT Preliminary PSIA to inform ESMF - Executive Summary - Myanmar Language - April 30 2015
- DRAFT Environmental and Social Management Framework - English Version - April 8 2015
- DRAFT Environmental and Social Management Framework - Myanmar version - April 8
Civil Society Consultative Meeting (Jan 30, 2015)
On January 30, 2015 in Yangon, the WB held a consultative meeting with civil-society organizations to share information on NEP preparation. Approximately 40 people participated including local and international civil-societies, business and media as well as MOEP and DRD PMO staff responsible for safeguards. World Bank Country Manager Mr Abdoulaye Seck made opening remarks, Senior Energy Specialist Dr Xiaoping Wang gave an overview of NEP preparations, and Senior Social Safeguards Specialist Mr Svend Jensby described safeguards requirement.
- Overview of NEP preparation (English)
- Overview of NEP preparation (Myanmar)
- Safeguards requirements (English)
- Safeguards requirements (Myanmar)
- Safeguards fact sheet (English)
Workshop on Off-Grid Electrification in Myanmar (Jan 28-29, 2015)
Grand Ball Room, Thingaha Hotel, Naypyidaw, January 28-29, 2015
The agenda is available here. Please find the presentations below:
Day 1, Jan 28, 2015
Session 1: Field Evaluations of Existing Off-grid Programs in Myanmar
1-1. The role of off-grid electrification in the National Electrification Project (NEP), Dr. Xiaoping Wang, Senior Energy Specialist, the World Bank
1-2. Government Support for Rural Off-grid Electrification, U Khant Zaw, Deputy Chief Engineer, DRD
1-3. Field Evaluations of the Solar Home System Program, Dr. Chris Greacen, World Bank Consultant
1-4. Field Evaluations of the Mini-hydro Program, Mr. Ajith Kumara, World Bank Consultant
Session 2: State of Art Off grid Electrification Technologies and Lessons Learned from Other Countries
2-1. State of Art Solar PV Technologies, Business Models and Markets for Electrification, Mr. Russell Sturm, Head for Clean Energy and Resource Efficiency, International Finance Corporation
2-2. Bangladeshi Solar Program, Mr. Nazmul Hapque, Director (Investment) & Head of Advisory, Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL), Bangladesh
2-3. State of Art Minihydro Technologies for Electrification, Prof. Dr. Arun Kumar, Chair Professor and Chief Scientific Officer, Alternate Hydro Energy Centre, India Institute of Technology Roorkee
2-4. Nepalese Minihydro Program, Mr. Ram Prasad Dhital, Executive Director, Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC), Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Nepal
Session 3: Private Sector Participation in Provision of Off-grid Electrification Services
3-1. U Min Paing Oo, Moe Ko San Solar (Hpa An) - Not available for public share
3-2. U Than Zaw, Mana ging Director, Asia Solar - Not available for public share
3-3. U Kyaw Min Tun, Managing Director, SolaRiseSys
3-4. U Kyaw Min, Director, Earth Renewable Energy Company
3-5. U Hnin K ThaYar, Managing Director, T & T Co. Ltd - Not available for public share
3-6. U Aung Myint, General Secretary, REAM
3-7. U Khun Aung Myo, Shan State
3-8. U Sai Htun La, Owner, Sai Htun Hla & Brothers Company; Founder, Hydro Power Cooperative Limited, Shan State
3-9. U Zaw Min, Shan State
3-10. U Ye Neing, Kyaing Tone Power Company, Kyi Thein & Family Company, and Aye Thar Electrical Factory, Shan state
3-11. U Khin Myn Mung, Chaiman, FNDP (Pvt) Ltd, Falam, Chin state - Not available for public share
3-12. U Soe Tint Aung, bio-gassifier private practitioner
3-13. U Hla Tun from Myint Mo Yadanar Mini-hydro Company - Not available for public share
Day 2, Jan 29, 2015
Session 5: What, How, How Much and By Whom for Myanmar
5-1. Issues and options for scaling up off-grid solar, Dr. Chris Greacen, World Bank Consultant
5-2. Issues and options for scaling up off-grid solar, Mr. Ajith Kumara, World Bank Consultant
5-3. Breakout sessions with facilitators and translators
Session 6: Development Partners’ Initiatives Supporting Off-grid Electrification
6-1. JICA, Mr. Yoshifumi Tokushige
6-2. ADB, Choon-Sik Jung, Senior Energy Specialist
6-3. KfW Development Bank, (A) Ms. Carolyn Neufeld, Principal Project Manager, Energy Asia, (B) Niraj Subedi, Energy Sector Specialist, Nepal Office
6-4. International Finance Corporation (IFC) Mr. Russell Sturm, Head for Clean Energy and Resource Efficiency
6-5. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) Mr. Hongpeng Liu, Chief of Energy Security and Water Resources Section
Consultants' Reports
1. Report of Off-Grid Hydro Power Assessment of Myanmar
2. DRD Solar Home Systems (SHS) in Myanmar Status and Recommendations
Report on Poverty and Social Impacts Analysis (Dec 2014)
December, 2014: Understanding the impact of tariffs and connection costs for the preparation of the National Electrification Plan, Myanmar
The World Bank has been undertaking a Poverty and Social Impact Assessment (PSIA) to inform dialogue with the Government of Myanmar on roll-out of the National Electrification Plan, and to support aspects of both the Myanmar Electric Power Project (MEPP) and National Electrification Project (NEP). Specifically, the PSIA serves to:
(i) inform institutional capacity building measures and technical assistance during implementation of both projects, in 2015 and beyond, including discussions on tariff setting under MEPP; and
(ii) inform the NEP design and Environment and Social Management Framework per World Bank safeguards policies.
The PSIA Phase I report was finalized in December 2014. This includes information on overall understanding of barriers to electricity access (in rural and urban areas and for poor and marginalized households in particular), uses of electricity, quality of service and affordability of new tariffs of April 2014. It also includes an overview of the self-reliant electrification (SRE) approach and roles and functions of the Electricity Committees at village level.
Please download the report here.
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First Workshop (Nov 4-5, 2014)
The Government of Myanmar and World Bank Group (WBG) held two technical workshops on November 4-5, 2014 in Nay Pyi Taw as part of ongoing support for national electrification. The first workshop (November 4) concerned private sector participation in grid and off-grid electrification. The second workshop (November 5) concerned poverty and social impact assessment (PSIA) and environmental and social safeguards. 71 participants (32 from MOEP and 24 from MLFRD) participated in each workshop, including representatives from all Myanmar states and regions.
Day 1, Nov 4, 2014
Private Sector Participation WBG will help the Government of Myanmar develop a request for expressions of interest (EOI) from the private sector to participate in the NEP. Pending responses to the request, MOEP and WBG will hold a workshop with interested private sector participants in January 2015.
1. PSP for on-grid power
2. PSP for off-grid power
Day 2, Nov 5, 2014
Social and Environmental Issues
1. Poverty and Social Impact Assesment (PSIA): Policies Introduction, PSIA Qualitative Analysis
2. Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF): Poverty and social impacts analysis
Development of the National Electrification Plan
Background
Myanmar is at an unprecedented juncture to launch a national electrification program for providing reliable, affordable and sustainable electricity services to the entire population of approximately 60 million. The government, international and bilateral organizations, and the private sector all demonstrated their commitment and interest in playing a role in the journey to achieving universal access.
With strong support and commitment from GoM, the World Bank has mobilized a grant of approximately US$2.0 million through the UN Sustainable Energy for ALL Initiative, to support the GoM in developing a National Electrification Plan (NEP).
The NEP is a comprehensive action plan (road map) outlining the enabling policy and institutional framework for developing, financing, and implementing a nationwide electricity access scale-up program with the target of achieving universal access by 2030 in an effective and efficient manner. Specifically the NEP includes, inter alia, a GeospatialLeast-costElectrificationRollout plan for grid and off-grid areas, and a UniversalAccessRoadmap andInvestmentProspectus.
It is the objective of the World Bank/ESMAP-supported National Electrification Plan is to help chart out a path towards achieving universal access that is appropriate in the Myanmar context.
The NEP coordinates with ongoing rural energy access work in off-grid areas being conducted by ADB in collaboration with MOLFRD.
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International Workshops (Mar 2014, Nov - Jun - May, 2013)
Presentation files
1. NEP overview
2. NEP Geospatial Least-Cost Electrification Plan
3. NEP Investment Prospectus
4. NEP Institutional Framework
March 20, 2014
Interium Results of the NEP Study
1. NEP Study: Implementation Progress
2. Myanmar Geospatial Least-Cost Electrification Plan
3. Institutional Framework for NEP implementation
4. Universal Access Roadmap and Investment Prospectus
Development Partners' Initiatives Supporting National Electrification
5. Off-grid Electrification: Field Findings
6. Electricity (Power Sector) Master Plan: Update and Implications for Electrification - Not available for public share
7. UNIDO's Support in Energy Access in Myanmar
8. Technology Solutions for Frid and Off-grid Electrification
November 22, 2013
1. Plenary Session: Overview of Study Objective, Design and Expected Outcome
2. Technical Session #1: National Geospatial, Least-Cost Electrification Planning: Vijay EI MMR Geospatial (A), Vijay EI MMR Geospatial (B)
3. Technical Session #2: Universal Access Roadmap and Investment Prospectus
4. Technical Session #3: Institutional Framework and Business Models
5. Summary of Workshop Discussions and Next Steps
June 1, 2013
1. ADB ADB Presentation
2. JICA: JICA Program in the Power Sector - Not available for public share
3. UNDP:UNDP in Myanmar - Not available for public share
4. WB: Questions Reflection
May 31, 2013
1. Global overview – Dejan Ostojic
2. Thailand – Tig Tuntivate
3. India – Sudeshna Ghosh Banerjee
4. Vietnam – Hung Tien Van
5. Thailand Laos and Cambodia – Jie Tang
6. Rwanda – Arun Sanghvi
7. Indonesia – Arun Sanghvi
8. Key Success Factors Across Good Practice NEPs – Arun Sanghvi
9. Electrification Planning and Technology – Xiaoping Wang
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Draft Final Reports
Myanmar National Electrification Plan (NEP): Myanmar Geospatial Least-Cost Electrification Plan
Myanmar National Electrification Plan (NEP): Roadmap and Prospectus
Briefing on Myanmar National Electrification Plan toward Universal Access
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Projects by World Bank Group
IFC Energy Access – Lighting Myanmar (Jan 28, 2016)
Energy Access Myanmar - Project Overview
The Energy Access Myanmar project is a key element of the Government of Myanmar’s National Electrification Plan (NEP). This IFC-led private sector market development initiative is complementary to the World Bank-financed $400 million loan supporting the NEP, which aims to double electrification rates in the country through expansion of the national grid and off-grid solutions in remote areas (including solar lanterns, solar home systems, and mini-grids).
IFC is working closely with the GoM, World Bank and other stakeholders to catalyze the growth of the commercial energy market, with two main objectives:
- IFC will work with the private sector through Lighting Myanmar, to develop the commercial market for off-grid access to modern energy services. Lighting MMR will support companies to increase commercial sales of quality assured solar products and efficient appliances, and will potentially work with developers to support high-potential business models for mini-grids. IFC is working closely with the World Bank and the GoM to adopt technical standards to ensure quality products are entering the market.
- The IFC project will also support grid expansion and improvement in transmission and distribution (T&D) via the World Bank/ IDA-financed grid expansion program. IFC will leverage technical experience supporting T&D system expansion, globally and in Southeast Asia, to support grid expansion for potential future private sector participation.
IFC Workshop Summary – January 28
IFC hosted a workshop for the World Bank, Department of Rural Development and other energy sector stakeholders, as well as international suppliers of high quality solar devices and key local value chain actors in Yangon, on Thursday, January 28th, 2016. The purpose of the workshop was to discuss the findings of IFC’s initial market assessment of the off-grid solar market. This one day event offered companies with quality verified products (e.g., Associates of the Lighting Global program) an opportunity to learn about the landscape of potential local partners, explore the backdrop of government programs, and dive deep with IFC on the local market opportunities. It was also an opportunity for IFC to hear feedback from Associates and local actors on the design of the Lighting Myanmar program, and to meet potential partners for developing the market.
Lighting Myanmar Market Opportunities - Part 1
Lighting Myanmar Market Opportunities - Part 2
National Electrification Plan - Off-grid Rural Electrification
Myanmar Electric Power Project (MEPP)
Overview
The development objective of the Electric Power Project for Myanmar is to increase capacity and efficiency of gas-fired power generation and strengthen the institutional capacity of the Ministry of electric power and the Myanmar electric power enterprise.
There are two components to the project.
The first component of the project is supply and installation (S&I) of a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) power plant at the existing Thaton Gas Turbine (GT) station. This is the main component of the project is the expansion of the Thaton GT station into a new CCGT power plant. A modern, high-efficiency, low-emissions CCGT power plant will comprise two 40 Megawatt (MW) gas turbines with inlet air chillers, one steam turbine of 26 (MW), a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and air-cooled steam condenser.
The second component of the project is technical assistance component focused on institutional and capacity building support to Ministry of Electric Power (MOEP) and Myanmar Electricity Power Enterprise (MEPE). This component will provide technical assistance and advisory services to MOEP and MEPE in two main areas.
More information available on the World Bank's website - Projects & Operations.
Documents
- Myanmar - Electric Power Project : P143988 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 04 (English)
- Myanmar - Electric Power Project : P143988 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 03 (English)
- Myanmar - Electric Power Project : P143988 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 02 (English)
- Myanmar - Electric Power Project : P143988 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 01 (English)
- Official Documents- Financing Agreement for Credit 5306-MM (Closing Package) (English)
- Official Documents- Disbursement Letter for Financing Agreement Credit 5306-MM (Closing Package) (English)
- Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Financial Data for Financing Agreement Credit 5306-MM (Closing Package) (English)
- Myanmar - Electric Power Project : chair summary (English)
- Official Documents- Recommendations of Statutotry Committee for Financing Agreement Credit 5306-MM (Closing Package) (English)
- Myanmar - Electric Power Project (English)
- Myanmar - Electric Power Project : procurement plan (English)
- Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (Appraisal Stage) - Electric Power Project - P143988 (English)
- Myanmar - Electric Power Project : environmental assessment (English)
- Project Information Document (Appraisal Stage) - Electric Power Project - P143988 (English)
- Project Information Document (Concept Stage) - Electric Power Project - P143988 (English)
- Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (Concept Stage) - Electric Power Project - P143988 (English)
- Myanmar Power Sector Financial Analysis and Viability Action Plan - Inception Report
Projects by other Development Partners
Other Projects
Advancing Mini-Hydropower in Myanmar Towards SE4ALL: Challenges, Opportunities, and Next Steps (Workshop, July 30, 2015 at Naypyidaw)
Session 1 - Opening (no slides)
Session 2 - Overview of Existing Mini-Hydropower Projects: Status, Progress
Dr. Soe Soe Ohn, Department of Rural Development, Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries, and Rural Development
Dr. Hla Myo Aung, Department of Research and Innovation, Ministry of Science and Technology
U Zaw Min, Small Hydropower Association of Myanmar
Session 3 - International / SE4ALL Efforts for Mini-Hydropower: Objectives, Partners, Resources, and Timelines
Dr. Xiaoping Wang, World Bank, Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)
Dr. Kohji Iwakami, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN ESCAP)
Dr. Hanna Yolanda, ASEAN Rural Energy Support Program (RESP)
Mr. Divyam Nagpal, International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
Session 4A - Reliable, Centralized, and Accessible Database for Coordinated Planning
U Tin Myint, Suntac Technologies, Myanmar
Ippei Kitahara, Asia AIR Survey, Japan
Dr. Marc Muller, University of California, Berkeley
Session 4B - Financing, Standards, and Regulatory Frameworks for Scalability
Dr. Chris Greacen, Independent Policy Consultant
U Ye Naing, Independent Engineering Consultant (no slides)
Session 4C - Institutional Structures and Processes for High-Quality, Scaled Implementation
Oliver Haas, INTEGRATION, Germany
Session 4D - Vehicles for Capacity Development and Knowledge Management
Keith Rabin, KWR International
Dr. Thi Thi Soe, Department of Research and Innovation (DRI), Ministry of Science and Technology
Patrick Pawletko, Green Empowerment
Session 5 - Closing (no slides)
World Bank Group Risk Mitigation Solutions for Myanmar’s Infrastructure Projects (Workshop, June 3, 2015 at Naypyidaw)
The World Bank Group (WBG) hosted a workshop titled Risk Mitigation Solutions for Myanmar‟s Infrastructure Projects in Nay Pyi Taw on June 3, 2015. Myanmar Ministries of Finance, National Planning and Economic Development, Electric Power, Communications and IT, and Transport presented an overview of their infrastructure development priorities and challenges.
Presentations from the WBG:
- Workshop Program
- IFC - Overview
- MIGA - Political Risk Insurance Solutions
- IFC, IDA, MIGA - Public-Private Partnership (PPP) & Project Finance Transactions
- IFC, IDA, MIGA - World Bank (IDA) Guarantee Support For Catalyzing Private Financing
Presentations from Government Ministries:
- MOF - Budget Financing in Myanmar - Daw Ni Ni Than, Director, Treasury Department
- MNPED - National Priority for Public Private Partnership - Dr Kyaw Sunn, Director, Planning Department
- MOCIT - Telecommunications Infrastructure, Posts and Telecommunications Department
- MOEP - Public-private partnership development in Thermal Power Generation, Thermal Power Department, Myanmar Electric Power Enterprise
- MOT - Current Status of Airport PPP Projects, Aerodrome Standards & Safety Division, Department of Civil Aviation
- MOT - Infrastructure Development Projects
Information and Data
EITI Initiative
Other publications / articles
Out of Darkness - Myanmar's Quest to (Em)Power its Citizens
By Keith Rabin and Christina Madden, Oct 1, 2015.
Link to the article: "Out of Darkness - Myanmar's Quest to (Em)Power its Citizens".
Myanmar’s Path to Electrification - The Role of Distributed Energy Systems
By Rachel Posner Ross, Oct 30, 2015.
Link to the article: "Myanmar’s Path to Electrification - The Role of Distributed Energy Systems".
Acknowledgement
The financial and technical support by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) and the Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program (ASTAE) is gratefully acknowledged. ESMAP—a global knowledge and technical assistance program administered by the World Bank—assists low- and middle-income countries to increase their know-how and institutional capacity to achieve environmentally sustainable energy solutions for poverty reduction and economic growth. ESMAP is funded by Australia, Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the World Bank Group. ASTAE’s mandate is to scale up the use of sustainable energy options in Asia to reduce poverty and protect the environment by promoting renewable energy, energy efficiency, and access to energy. ASTAE is funded by the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
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