Difference between revisions of "Suriname Energy Situation"
***** (***** | *****) |
***** (***** | *****) |
||
Line 138: | Line 138: | ||
<br/> | <br/> | ||
− | The installed capacity by 2016 was around 504,000kW, from which 61% were from fossil fuels, 38% were from hydroelectric plants and about 1% from renewable sources<ref name="https://theodora.com/wfbcurrent/suriname/suriname_energy.html">https://theodora.com/wfbcurrent/suriname/suriname_energy.html</ref>.<br/> | + | The installed capacity by 2016 was around 504,000kW, from which 61% were from fossil fuels, 38% were from hydroelectric plants and about 1% from renewable sources<ref name="https://theodora.com/wfbcurrent/suriname/suriname_energy.html">https://theodora.com/wfbcurrent/suriname/suriname_energy.html</ref><ref name="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ns.html">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ns.html</ref>.<br/> |
<br/> | <br/> | ||
Line 149: | Line 149: | ||
== Import and Export == | == Import and Export == | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[File:11- Suriname's Net Energy Imports 1990-2016 (IEA, 2018).PNG|thumb|center|750px|Suriname's Net Energy Imports 1990-2016 (IEA, 2018)]]<br/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | In 2017, Suriname’s total exports were approximately $2.69B, from which refined petroleum was about $133M (~5%), and rough wood was $68.2M (~2.5%)<ref name="https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/sur/">https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/sur/</ref>.<br/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br/> | ||
== Electricity == | == Electricity == |
Revision as of 11:26, 6 March 2019
Capital:
Paramaribo
Region:
Coordinates:
5.8333° N, 55.1667° W
Total Area (km²): It includes a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways.
Error while fetching data from URL http://api.worldbank.org/v2/countries/SUR/indicators/AG.SRF.TOTL.K2?per_page=100&date=2000:2024&MRV=5: $2.
There was a problem during the HTTP request: 502 Bad Gateway
Could not get URL http://api.worldbank.org/v2/countries/SUR/indicators/AG.SRF.TOTL.K2?per_page=100&date=2000:2024&MRV=5 after 3 tries.
Population: It is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin.
Could not get URL http://api.worldbank.org/v2/countries/SUR/indicators/SP.POP.TOTL?per_page=100&date=2000:2024&MRV=5 after 3 tries. ()
Rural Population (% of total population): It refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population.
Could not get URL http://api.worldbank.org/v2/countries/SUR/indicators/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?per_page=50&date=2000:2024&MRV=5 after 3 tries. ()
GDP (current US$): It is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources.
Could not get URL http://api.worldbank.org/v2/countries/SUR/indicators/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?per_page=100&date=2000:2024&MRV=5 after 3 tries.2 ()
GDP Per Capita (current US$): It is gross domestic product divided by midyear population
Could not get URL http://api.worldbank.org/v2/countries/SUR/indicators/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?per_page=100&date=2000:2024&MRV=5 after 3 tries. ()
Access to Electricity (% of population): It is the percentage of population with access to electricity.
Could not get URL http://api.worldbank.org/v2/countries/SUR/indicators/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?per_page=100&date=2000:2024&MRV=5 after 3 tries.no data
Energy Imports Net (% of energy use): It is estimated as energy use less production, both measured in oil equivalents. A negative value indicates that the country is a net exporter. Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.
Could not get URL http://api.worldbank.org/v2/countries/SUR/indicators/EG.IMP.CONS.ZS?per_page=100&date=2000:2024&MRV=5 after 3 tries.no data
Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption (% of total): It comprises coal, oil, petroleum, and natural gas products.
Could not get URL http://api.worldbank.org/v2/countries/SUR/indicators/EG.USE.COMM.FO.ZS?per_page=100&date=2000:2024&MRV=5 after 3 tries.no data
Introduction
Suriname, also known as Republic of Suriname, is a country located on the north-eastern Atlantic coast of South America[1]. The country’s total area is below 165,000 Km2, which makes it the smallest country in South America[1]. 80% of the country’s area is covered with tropical rain forests, with only 1.5 million ha are considered suitable for agriculture[2]. The majority of the country’s inhabitants are located in the country’s north coast, particularly within and around the capital ‘Paramaribo’[1].
Suriname is bordered by French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south & the Atlantic Ocean to the north[1][2]. The region in the north is mostly lowland coastal area, where most of the land has been cultivated, while the southern part consists of tropical rainforest and randomly distributed inhabited savanna along the county’s borders with Brazil[1].
The country’s climate is mostly hot and humid through the year; equatorial in coastal areas, tropical monsoon further inland and tropical savannah in the south-western portions of the country[1]. Suriname has two wet seasons; the 1st and the main one is from April to July, and the 2nd and shorter one is in the period December-January[1]. The northern populated area has four different seasons: a minor rainy season from early December to early February, a minor dry season from early February to late April, a major rainy season from late April to mid-August and a major dry season from mid-August to early December [2].
Suriname has a variety of natural resources, but the national economy is dominated by certain mining activities and agricultural products [1][3][4]. The primary mining products are: oil, bauxite and gold, while in the agriculture sector, rice and bananas are the dominant products[1][3][4]. Suriname is highly energy-independent due to the combination of the mining of fossil fuels and the significant wealth of hydropower, thus, energy-wise, it is a very self-sufficient country[3].
After Trinidad & Tobago, and Cuba, Suriname comes in as the 3rd largest oil producer in the Caribbean[3].
Energy Situation
Overview
According to REEEP (2013), Suriname has small amounts of fossil fuels reserves, which are mostly exploited by the government-owned company ‘Staatsoli’. The country has a refinery, which has a production capacity of about 7,500 barrels/day[5]. With regard to these numbers, it is comprehendible that, amongst the Caribbean countries, Suriname is the least reliant on fossil fuels for electricity generation[5].
The most significant energy source in the country is considered to be hydro-electricity, which was used in 2010 to supply 95% of its electricity generation[5]. Notably, around 26% of Suriname’s total energy supply is generated through Lake Brokopondo’s hydropower system[5].
A study that was carried out in 2014 has analyzed the Suriname’s energy matrix as indicated in the following figures.
According to this analysis[3]:
- Suriname produces 17,350 barrels of oil equivalent if primary energy per day.
- The larger amount of this production comes from crude oil (15,600 boe/day).
- Hydropower accounts for 1,270 boe/day, while combustible renewables and waste account for 430 boe/day.
- The country imports approximately 300 boe/day of LPG, and 8,930 boe/day of oil products.
- The crude oil production mentioned above is refined and turned into 16,230 boe/day of oil products; thus divided to: 6,790 boe/day which are used for electricity generation and 9,380 boe/day are designed for export.
- Suriname also produces around 1,270 boe/day of hydropower & 2,200 boe/day of electricity.
- Suriname's total losses from heat and waste are approximately 6,000 boe/day.
- The country's total final consumption is about 11,000 boe/day, distributed as follows:
- 410 boe/day from CR&W.
- 300 boe/day from LPG.
- 2,200 boe/day from electricity.
- 8,080 boe/day from oil products.
- The country's total consumption is divided among different sectors as follows:
- 5,100 boe/day for transportation (~45%).
- 1,500 boea/day for residential sector.
- 1,200 boe/day for the industrial sector.
- Other sectors (e.g. agriculture ..) altogether combine for 3,200 boe/day.
Energy Access
Total Access |
Rural | Urban | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | 2000 | 2010 | 2014 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 |
Population (%) | 97 | 91 | 88 | 87 | 96 | 69 |
Year | 2000 | 2010 | 2014 | 2016 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population (%) | 80 | 87 | 89 | 90 |
Production
Suriname’s total energy production in 2016 was approximately 0.9Mtoe[7].
Installed Capacity
In 2010, Suriname’s total installed electricity capacity was 355MW, which were distributed as follows: 15MW from Staatsoile, 78MW from Suralco, 82 MW from EBS and 180MW from hydropower[5].
The installed capacity by 2016 was around 504,000kW, from which 61% were from fossil fuels, 38% were from hydroelectric plants and about 1% from renewable sources[8][9].
Consumption
Import and Export
In 2017, Suriname’s total exports were approximately $2.69B, from which refined petroleum was about $133M (~5%), and rough wood was $68.2M (~2.5%)[10].
Electricity
Energy Security
Renewable Energy
Fossil Fuels
Key Problems of the Energy Sector
Policy Framework, Laws and Regulations
Institutional Set up in the Energy Sector
Other Key Actors / Activities of Donors, Implementing Agencies, Civil Society Organisations
Further Information
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). (2018). Country Profile: Suriname. Retrieved from: http://rcc.cimh.edu.bb/files/2018/06/Country-Profile-Suriname.pdf
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2015). Country Profile – Suriname. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/3/ca0427en/CA0427EN.pdf
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Ramón, E. & Humpert, M. (2014). Energy Matrix Country Briefings: Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad & Tobago. Retrieved from: https://publications.iadb.org/en/publication/11241/energy-matrix-country-briefings-antigua-barbuda-bahamas-barbados-dominica-grenada
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Roy, D. Bizikova, L. Borden, C. Swanson, D. & Huppé, G.A. (2015). Water-Energy-Food Security and Mining in Suriname. Retrieved from: https://www.iisd.org/sites/default/files/publications/water-energy-food-security-mining-suriname-project-overview.pdf
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 The Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP). (2013). Suriname (2012). Retrieved from: https://www.reeep.org/suriname-2012
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Tracking SDG7. (2018). The Energy Progress Report. Retrieved From: https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/data/files/download-documents/executive_summary.pdf
- ↑ International Energy Agency (IEA). (2018). Key World Energy Statistics – A Wealth of Energy Stats at your Fingertips. Retrieved From: https://webstore.iea.org/download/direct/2291?fileName=Key_World_2018.pdf
- ↑ https://theodora.com/wfbcurrent/suriname/suriname_energy.html
- ↑ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ns.html
- ↑ https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/sur/