Difference between revisions of "Energy Transition in Taiwan"
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Compared to other East Asia countries, this goal is quite ambitious. For example, South Korea only promised to tame its annual carbon emission to around 535 <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Million tonnes of CO</span><sub style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2</sub><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> eq by 2030, which is roughly the same level as 2005<ref>South Korea Climate Tracker, http://climateactiontracker.org/countries/southkorea.html</ref>. However, many of the policy goals in different sectors still lack integration between governmental departments and also concrete measures before 2020<ref>加速建構轉型量能，邁向深度低碳社會 「溫室氣體減量推動方案」研擬建議, http://rsprc.ntu.edu.tw/fordownload/1061123/20171123_greenhouse_gas_rfckLReduction.pdf</ref>.</span> | Compared to other East Asia countries, this goal is quite ambitious. For example, South Korea only promised to tame its annual carbon emission to around 535 <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Million tonnes of CO</span><sub style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2</sub><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> eq by 2030, which is roughly the same level as 2005<ref>South Korea Climate Tracker, http://climateactiontracker.org/countries/southkorea.html</ref>. However, many of the policy goals in different sectors still lack integration between governmental departments and also concrete measures before 2020<ref>加速建構轉型量能，邁向深度低碳社會 「溫室氣體減量推動方案」研擬建議, http://rsprc.ntu.edu.tw/fordownload/1061123/20171123_greenhouse_gas_rfckLReduction.pdf</ref>.</span> | ||
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= <span dir="auto">Energy Transition in Taiwan: </span>Electricity Sector = | = <span dir="auto">Energy Transition in Taiwan: </span>Electricity Sector = | ||
| − | = | + | <span style="background-color: initial; font-size: 19.04px;">Renewable Capacity Expansion Plans</span><br/> |
The following sources of renewable energy are planned to increase capacity significantly by 2025: solar, offshore wind, biogas, onshore wind, and geothermal. Below is a chart of the goals of expansion, adopted from [[:File:Renewables are blooming; is the power system ready? A Prognosis on Residual Load Flexibility in Taiwan by 2025.pdf|Renewables are blooming; is the power system ready? A Prognosis on Residual Load Flexibility in Taiwan by 2025]]. | The following sources of renewable energy are planned to increase capacity significantly by 2025: solar, offshore wind, biogas, onshore wind, and geothermal. Below is a chart of the goals of expansion, adopted from [[:File:Renewables are blooming; is the power system ready? A Prognosis on Residual Load Flexibility in Taiwan by 2025.pdf|Renewables are blooming; is the power system ready? A Prognosis on Residual Load Flexibility in Taiwan by 2025]]. | ||
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| − | + | == Goals of the Sector == | |
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| − | == | + | <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The goal of short term carbon emission reduction in the energy sector is to be tamed at around 32.305 </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">MtCO2e by 2020, which would be roughly the same as in 2005 (but slightly increased when compared to 2015)</span><ref>第一期溫室氣體階段管制目標,https://enews.epa.gov.tw/enews/enews_ftp/106/1108/145846/1061108%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%9F%E9%9A%8E%E6%AE%B5%E7%AE%A1%E5%88%B6%E7%9B%AE%E6%A8%99%E8%8D%89%E6%A1%88.pdf</ref><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><br/> |
| − | + | In the mid term, the goal of renewable sources in electricity generation share is 20% by 2025. Meanwhile, coal use is to be reduced to 30%, compared to 45% in 2016. The carbon emission intensity of electricity generation is to be reduced from 0.529 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq/kWh in 2016 to 0.395 <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">kg CO</span><sub style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2</sub><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> eq/kWh by 2025<ref>「能源轉型 減污減碳」 記者會 ,https://www.facebook.com/thomas0126/videos/1497105477048035/</ref>.</span> | |
In the recent years, coal use in electrcity generation stagnates at around 45%. The government promised that the share of coal use in electricty generation peaks in 2017, and by 2020 it will be tamed at no more than 43%<ref>燃煤電廠將減少運轉，經部改口2020年燃煤佔比降至43%,http://www.storm.mg/article/356040</ref>. | In the recent years, coal use in electrcity generation stagnates at around 45%. The government promised that the share of coal use in electricty generation peaks in 2017, and by 2020 it will be tamed at no more than 43%<ref>燃煤電廠將減少運轉，經部改口2020年燃煤佔比降至43%,http://www.storm.mg/article/356040</ref>. | ||
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== Prognosis of Residual Load and Re-dispatchment Schemes == | == Prognosis of Residual Load and Re-dispatchment Schemes == | ||
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[[File:Simulated VRE Output and Residual Load in Taiwan by summer 2025.png|center|800px|alt=Simulated VRE Output and Residual Load in Taiwan by summer 2025.png]]While wind power is weaker in summer, it will be more stronger in winter. Since the solar radiation in southern Taiwan remains strong even in winter, the first negative residaul load events would probably happen in winter. By then Taiwan would have to start dealing with phase three problems described by IEA. | [[File:Simulated VRE Output and Residual Load in Taiwan by summer 2025.png|center|800px|alt=Simulated VRE Output and Residual Load in Taiwan by summer 2025.png]]While wind power is weaker in summer, it will be more stronger in winter. Since the solar radiation in southern Taiwan remains strong even in winter, the first negative residaul load events would probably happen in winter. By then Taiwan would have to start dealing with phase three problems described by IEA. | ||
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= <span dir="auto">Energy Transition in Taiwan: </span>Transportation Sector = | = <span dir="auto">Energy Transition in Taiwan: </span>Transportation Sector = | ||
Revision as of 19:55, 27 January 2018
Energy Transition in Taiwan: Current Situation and Goals
Taiwan is ongoing its energy transition. The transiton will highlight a rapid growth of renewable electricity capacity and generation, but many other sectors such as transportation, building, and industry sectors will also be involved. The goal of this transition process is to ultimately meet the Taiwan's own Intended National Determined Contribution published in 2015[1], which stated that compared to 2005, annual carbon emission should be reduced by 20% by 2030. This is a reduction of about 53 Million tonnes of CO2 eq.
Compared to other East Asia countries, this goal is quite ambitious. For example, South Korea only promised to tame its annual carbon emission to around 535 Million tonnes of CO2 eq by 2030, which is roughly the same level as 2005[2]. However, many of the policy goals in different sectors still lack integration between governmental departments and also concrete measures before 2020[3].
Energy Transition in Taiwan: Electricity Sector
Renewable Capacity Expansion Plans
The following sources of renewable energy are planned to increase capacity significantly by 2025: solar, offshore wind, biogas, onshore wind, and geothermal. Below is a chart of the goals of expansion, adopted from Renewables are blooming; is the power system ready? A Prognosis on Residual Load Flexibility in Taiwan by 2025.
| Type of Renewables |
Current Capacity (as of 15.11.2017) |
Planned Capacity by 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| Solar | 1.286GW | 20GW |
| Onshore Wind | 0.682GW | 1.2GW |
| Offshore Wind | 0.136GW | 5.5GW |
| Biogas | 0.741GW | 0.813GW |
| Geothermal | 0GW | 0.2GW |
Goals of the Sector
The goal of short term carbon emission reduction in the energy sector is to be tamed at around 32.305 MtCO2e by 2020, which would be roughly the same as in 2005 (but slightly increased when compared to 2015)[4].
In the mid term, the goal of renewable sources in electricity generation share is 20% by 2025. Meanwhile, coal use is to be reduced to 30%, compared to 45% in 2016. The carbon emission intensity of electricity generation is to be reduced from 0.529 kg CO2 eq/kWh in 2016 to 0.395 kg CO2 eq/kWh by 2025[5].
In the recent years, coal use in electrcity generation stagnates at around 45%. The government promised that the share of coal use in electricty generation peaks in 2017, and by 2020 it will be tamed at no more than 43%[6].
Prognosis of Residual Load and Re-dispatchment Schemes
According to the International Energy Agency, there are four phases of integrating variable renewables onto the grid[7]. With about 1% of electricity generated by solar and wind, Taiwan is currently in the first phase, when grid integration is still not a major problem for renewable energy sources.
However, if 20GW of solar is installed as planned by 2025, the residual load curve will change drastically. By then, conventional power plants will have to vary their output accordingly. Also, the risk of congestion in transmission lines must be analyze beforehand, and weak spots in the power system must be strengthened in prior.
Below is the power output curve a possible re-dispatchment scheme may result to by summer 2025[8].The hard coal power plants might have to ramp more flexibly inthe future in order to adjust to the residual load variations, and this result to a reduction of coal use to around 26% in this scenario. The carbon emission intensity in this scenario was 0.396 kg CO2 eq/kWh, very close to the policy goal.
While wind power is weaker in summer, it will be more stronger in winter. Since the solar radiation in southern Taiwan remains strong even in winter, the first negative residaul load events would probably happen in winter. By then Taiwan would have to start dealing with phase three problems described by IEA.
Energy Transition in Taiwan: Transportation Sector
Energy Transition in Taiwan: Building Sector
Energy Transition in Taiwan: Industrial Sector
Other Related Issues
Divestment from Fossil Fuel
Participatory Democracy
References
- ↑ 中華民國（臺灣）「國家自定預期貢獻」, https://enews.epa.gov.tw/enews/enews_ftp/104/1117/174044/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%EF%BC%88%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%EF%BC%89%E3%80%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E9%A0%90%E6%9C%9F%E8%B2%A2%E7%8D%BB%E3%80%8D(INDC).pdf
- ↑ South Korea Climate Tracker, http://climateactiontracker.org/countries/southkorea.html
- ↑ 加速建構轉型量能，邁向深度低碳社會 「溫室氣體減量推動方案」研擬建議, http://rsprc.ntu.edu.tw/fordownload/1061123/20171123_greenhouse_gas_rfckLReduction.pdf
- ↑ 第一期溫室氣體階段管制目標,https://enews.epa.gov.tw/enews/enews_ftp/106/1108/145846/1061108%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%9F%E9%9A%8E%E6%AE%B5%E7%AE%A1%E5%88%B6%E7%9B%AE%E6%A8%99%E8%8D%89%E6%A1%88.pdf
- ↑ 「能源轉型 減污減碳」 記者會 ,https://www.facebook.com/thomas0126/videos/1497105477048035/
- ↑ 燃煤電廠將減少運轉，經部改口2020年燃煤佔比降至43%,http://www.storm.mg/article/356040
- ↑ Getting Wind and Sun onto the Grid, https://www.iea.org/publications/insights/insightpublications/Getting_Wind_and_Sun.pdf
- ↑ "Flexibility, Residual Load , & Re-dispatchment", https://drive.google.com/open?id=1uJPcyUXykobIVOE-Bb58nrGyHwfbsc9X
