Acceptability of Renewable Energy Sources for Decentralized Systems in Nigeria

Introduction

This page summarises an open-access study by Ajayi et al. (2023), which investigates the social acceptability and willingness of communities to adopt renewable energy systems (particularly solar mini-grids and standalone systems) in Nigeria. The research highlights the perceptions, drivers, and barriers shaping community acceptance of decentralized clean energy solutions.

Background

Nigeria faces persistent electricity deficits, with over 80 million people lacking reliable access. Decentralized renewable energy systems — such as solar mini-grids, solar home systems, and hybrid models — are increasingly deployed to close the access gap. However, technological feasibility alone is not sufficient; community acceptance, affordability, and trust are essential for successful adoption and long-term sustainability.

Methodology

Surveys and interviews conducted with rural and peri-urban households across several Nigerian states. Assessment of socio-economic factors, awareness levels, affordability concerns, and trust in providers. Comparative analysis of community attitudes toward solar, wind, biomass, and hybrid systems.

Key Findings

High awareness of solar: Solar PV systems are the most recognized and preferred renewable energy technology in Nigerian communities. Affordability concerns: Upfront costs remain a significant barrier; households prefer pay-as-you-go (PAYG) or installment-based payment models. Trust in providers: Past experiences with poorly maintained or abandoned projects lower trust in some regions. Transparent community engagement improves acceptance. Technology preferences: Solar PV is perceived as reliable and culturally acceptable. Biomass solutions face limited acceptance due to cultural and technical barriers. Wind energy has low visibility and minimal local experience, reducing its perceived feasibility.

Social Acceptance Drivers

Reliable electricity for productive uses (milling, refrigeration, ICT). Health and education benefits (lighting for clinics and schools). Reduced dependence on costly and polluting diesel generators. Local involvement in planning and management of mini-grids.

Barriers to Acceptance

High connection costs and tariffs. Lack of local capacity for operation and maintenance. Limited access to credit and financing for households. Insufficient communication of benefits and long-term guarantees.

Policy Implications

Policies should integrate affordability schemes (e.g., subsidies, results-based financing, concessional loans). Community sensitization and participation must be central to planning processes. Regulation should include consumer protection and service quality standards. Long-term maintenance and after-sales service mechanisms are critical to sustain trust.

Practical Recommendations

Expand awareness campaigns to improve understanding of renewable options. Scale pay-as-you-go models to reduce affordability barriers. Build community ownership models that foster trust and sustainability. Train local technicians and establish O&M support hubs.

Further Reading

Ajayi OO, Nwokocha C, Mohammed H, et al. (2023). Acceptability of Renewable Energy Sources for Decentralized Systems in Nigeria. Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development. Open access under CC BY.

Attribution & Licence

This page summarises material from Ajayi et al. (2023). The original article is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY).