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EEP in Mongolia Capacity Building & Finance
Capacity Building & Finance
The GIZ project "Energy Efficient Building Refurbishment in Mongolia" (EEP) works with the Municipality of Ulaanbaatar (MUB) and other stakeholders on public investment management and energy efficiency in the building sector.
Capacities for Building Efficiency
Reaching Energy Efficiency in the building sector is a challenge, that requires the integration of know-how in many different areas that must come together. Therefore, the building of capacities in institutions of the public and private sector has to be strengthened on different levels. The project had its main focus on the city level and therefore worked closely with the Municipality of Ulaanbaatar (MUB). Nevertheless, the intention of working with the MUB as the biggest city in Mongolia was also to set examples that could then be transferred to the national level as well. This target was reached as different national entities were able to include the know-how developed, into national institutions and regulations.
To sustain knowledge in a system it is important to not only train its stakeholders once, but to continue the process of passing it onto the next generation of employees and civil servants. This is especially important in the public sector, where a high frequency of job turnover takes place. As a result of this, the project trained a large number of stakeholders from different institutions, and focused on establishing long term implementability by training the trainers of academies and training centres. This included the Municipal Research and Training Center, the National Academy of Governance, and the Mongolian Construction and Designers Association. Basic trainings, tools and databases were also developed to allow interested stakeholders to freely access the information online.
It was also important to include the new ways for implementation into the standard processes of public institutions, such as how to select the buildings to be renovated by public investment, and which planning procedures and blueprints are to be used to calculate such investments.
First Energy Efficient Housing Financing Scheme for Ger Area Established
Saving heat through energy efficiency (EE) is a top priority investment for local communities as it benefits not only the environment but also the quality of living and public health, especially that of children. Despite the demand for housing improvements, banks offered no financial product to insulate existing housing or build EE homes. This was due to a lack of sectoral standards and quality assurance systems, as well as a general dearth of affordable, long-term funding suitable for developing economies.
As part of the project, the first ever energy efficient housing mortgage programme was developed and tested in Mongolia in 2020/2021. The housing financing scheme was piloted in cooperation with the Mongolian Bankers Association (MBA) and the Mongolian Sustainable Finance Association (MSFA / ToC).
The association brought together seven of the 12 banks in Mongolia to design a new financial product which offered mortgages with verified energy efficiency, for low-income households living in the ger districts. Through this project, households in off-grid areas were enabled to switch from burning coal, to living in energy efficient standalone houses with up to 80% less (heat) energy consumption.
How does it work
- Interested customer: A ger area family decides that they want to live in an energy efficient house, that is warm without burning coal and polluting the environment.
- Selection of design with construction company: The interested customer reaches out to a) eligible construction companies that have already approved energy efficient building designs, or b) a bank that provides information about eligible companies and designs.
- Certification of design: The construction company applies for a certification of their building design. Newly developed and certified design provides the planning documents for a family house that consumes a minimum of 20% less energy compared to the Mongolian standard.
- At the bank: The staff at the bank are aware of the EE housing scheme and know that certain EE houses were and can be certified. Given the customers wish to buy one of the 24 certified designs, they receive a mortgage loan at a special rate.
- Finances: The customer pays 10% of the building prices upfront. 30% of the building price (30% or up to 18 Mio. MNT) was covered by GIZ during the pilot project. For the remaining 60% the customer receives a loan with a special low interest rate of between 6% and 12% that needs to be repaid in 15 years.
- Construction: With the signed contract between customer and construction company, and the financing of the bank in place, the construction of the house starts. The contracted energy auditor visits the construction site to inspect EE relevant issues such as insulation work, and materials and to advise.
- Energy efficiency auditing: Once the house is built, it is audited by an EE audit to assure that 20% energy savings can be achieved.
- Happy family: The customer moves into the new energy efficient house and enjoys the new comfort of a warm and comfortable home without emitting smoke.
Interview with M. Nomindari CEO of the Mongolian Sustainable Finance Association (MSFA) and L. Amar Executive director and Secretary General of the Mongolian Bankers Association (MBA)
Good afternoon, Ms. Nomindari and Mr. Amar. We want to talk about financing energy efficiency in Mongolia today. Mortgage loans for housing were already available in Mongolia. Tell us why there was a need to develop a new scheme for energy efficient (EE) houses?
Nomindari: We saw that there is a high demand for affordable housing loans. Most previous housing projects supported the relocation of ger district residents to apartment buildings. However, the existing loan programmes did not often meet their financial situation and their preferences for individual open spaces where they have more freedom to plant trees or have a safe playground for their children. On the supply side, there is a strong interest from financial institutions to explore new financial products as a way to tackle new markets, progress on their sustainable finance commitments, make contributions to solving the air pollution crisis, and eventually also be able to access alternative, lower-cost green funds from outside of Mongolia.
What were the challenges faced?
Amar: Interest rates in Mongolia are among the highest in the world. Therefore, we needed to link the project with the state-run mortgage loan programme, which has an annual interest rate of 6% to make the pilot project more accessible for individuals. However, the state-run subsidized mortgage loan programme had extremely high requirements for the borrowers, as well as the properties which could be purchased with mortgage loans. Eventually, we have been successful in convincing the Central Bank of Mongolia to help finance the project houses.
What were the lessons learned from this pilot?
Nomindari: The project was an exceptionally complex process facing a huge array of technical and programmatic challenges. In this process, however, we learned critical lessons that will now improve the EE mortgage policy, and financial products in our country.
Amar: The project brought together policy makers, regulators, low-income households, financial institutions and construction companies to one table for the first time. Together, we discovered and sought to understand the challenges and barriers we face in solving our city’s largest problem.
How will the pilot develop in the future?
Nomindari: Building on these lessons and to develop EE houses at a larger scale, we need to identify new EE housing designs and find ways to further reduce construction costs and housing prices. We also have to increase the operations and maintenance efficiency of both construction companies and financial institutions, to make the verification process easier by exploring digitization. Furthermore, we must introduce a sustainable policy framework and subsidy scheme, to reduce the financing costs for buyers and developers in the long term.
Thank you.
Note: This interview is abridged. The full interview can be found in EEP magazine on page 58 and 59.
Humanising Energy: A Healthier Home Environment
The First Officially Certified Green Building in Mongolia
As one of the largest energy consumers, the construction and housing sectors play a critical role in reducing greenhouse gases in Mongolia. In September 2021, one of the houses developed in the projects pilot to develop and implement Mongolias first financing scheme for energy efficient ger area houses, was audited and certified by the EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies) system, becoming the first certified green building in Mongolia. The 70m2 private house was bought by a family through a financing scheme that was developed with the help of GIZ to promote energy-efficient housing in the ger districts of Ulaanbaatar. After the construction of the building the project also financed, and assisted in the energy efficiency assessment and audit, which is part of the EDGE certification process.
The innovative “passive” house technologies and measures used in the house, helped to reduce heating energy demand to practically zero, while the remaining small demand can be met by renewable energy sources. Additional green building measures included the installation of water-efficient appliances, the elimination of heavy and energy-intensive building materials such as concrete and brick, and the general use of lightweight building structures. 57% energy, 27% water, and 42% embodied energies were saved here, which qualified this house for an “EDGE advanced” certificate.
The greenhouse gas reduction potential of such small houses can have a large impact on both a national and international scale. Nearly 4,000 of these houses are located in Ulaanbaatar’s ger districts, and if converted to EE houses could cover the entire CO2 emission reduction commitment of Mongolia’s construction sector. If only 10% of the new houses built in the poor neighbourhoods of Ulaanbaatar were built in an energy efficient way, this would result in a saving of about 48,000 tons of CO2 per year (the same amount of CO2, that is saved by operating a 32 MW wind farm in Germany with 10 large wind turbines).
EDGE: Standard for the Future
As an innovation of the International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group, EDGE (“Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies”) is an online platform, a green building standard, and a certification system for over 140 countries. It was especially designed for developing countries. The EDGE application helps to determine the most cost-efficient options for green design within a local climate context.
EDGE can be used for buildings of all vintages, including new constructions, existing buildings and major retrofits. The issuing of the first green building certificate marks a first step into the broader introduction of EDGE and other green building standards in Mongolia. This is especially relevant for aquiring green financing for a more sustainable development of the mongolian building sector.
Independent Green Building Council Established
Improving energy efficiency and the introduction of green technologies in the construction sector are important goals of the Green Development Strategies of Mongolia. In many countries a Green Building Council (GBC) promotes energy efficient and green technologies, certification schemes, and standards in the construction sector. As stated in the ‘´State Policy for the Construction Sector` , Mongolia was planning to introduce a green building rating system which required a broadly accepted institution such as the GBC. GBCs are instrumental in capacity building, raising public awareness and promoting green building technologies, promoting and introducing green building certification ratings and progressive norms, as well as creating standards for energy efficiency in the construction sector.
Once established, the GBC Mongolia will be a valuable professional NGO with a strong agenda relying on its members’ creativity, participation and willingness to take action. It will become a reputable platform for sharing scalable solutions and implementing these into everyone’s daily work through concrete actions and campaigns. To support the GBC Mongolia with the implementation of its mission, the Ministry of Construction and Urban Development (MCUD) is intending to transfer the functions for green building evaluation and certification.
In 2020 a GBC development concept was submitted to the MCUD and the private sector. As a result of the project’s advisory service the MCUD decided to establish the GBC as an NGO. In February 2021 a working group was created by the order of the Minister of Construction and Urban Development (Order No23, Feb 01, 2021) with the aim to support the establishment of the GBC Mongolia. This working group is represented by MCUD officials and private sector stakeholders. The preparation work for the GBC is expected to be completed with the start of operation in the second quarter of 2022.
