Electricity Network Planning
Overview
Electricity network planning is the process of modelling and planning electrical grid infrastructure to meet both current and future energy demands reliably. The process is essential for the design, expansion, modification, or modernization of electricity networks. It involves assessing the present power supply and demand, forecasting load growth, generation planning, transmission/distribution expansion, and evaluating the integration of diverse energy sources into the grid. To this end, energy/power system models are used that consider the economic and technical consequences of various scenarios.[1][2]
Traditionally, network planning was guided by objectives such as reliability, security, and efficiency. However, as global commitments to decarbonisation and energy security grow, planning objectives have shifted accordingly, with a greater emphasis on accommodating decentralised, low-carbon energy sources within existing and future grids. Hence, in addition to techno-economic assessments, the planning process now involves social and environmental considerations. [2]
Components of Network Planning
- Key aspects, including load forecasting, capacity assessment, and demand analysis.
- Technical considerations such as voltage levels, grid topology, and system redundancy.
Challenges in Modern Grid Planning
With the rise of variable renewable energy resources, network planning has become increasingly complex. These energy sources introduce uncertainties that challenge traditional forecasting and system stability, while new types of loads—such as electric vehicles, battery storage, and heat pumps—alter load profiles, shift peak demand hours, and create new load centres. As a result, network planning now demands technologically advanced solutions that complement traditional grid reinforcements and component replacements, such as flexible energy system models that account for both economic and technical impacts across a range of future scenarios.[1]
- Issues like renewable energy integration, decentralisation, and grid stability.
- Technical and economic constraints in different geographical and economic contexts.
- Managing uncertainty in changing conditions.[2]
Tools and Methodologies for Grid Design and Modelling
- Short-term versus long-term network planning
- Planning tools and models
- The role of GIS in network planning and spatial analysis
Further Information
- IRENA (2017): Planning for the renewable future. Long-term modelling and tools to expand variable renewable power in emerging economies.
- Grid Portal on energypedia
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Sajadi et al. (2021): Guest Editorial: Special Issue on recent advancements in electric power system planning with high-penetration of renewable energy resources and dynamic loads, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Volume 129, 2021, 106597, ISSN 0142-0615
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 ISGAN (2023): Network Planning and Decision-Making under Uncertainty. Discussion Paper.
