TUEWAS Toolbox - Distribution Planning

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Distribution planning / Electrification master plan

ID Number Year Title Author Type of Entry Main Category Country Location within Country File Reference project name Journal or conference name URL Active management of distribution grid Enabling distributing technologies Market-based and Tariff-based solutions Connection agreement solutions Distribution planning Operation and maintenance Information exchange
8 2020 Distribution System / Rural Electrification Master Plan Nepal Gesto Energy Consulting Study Report Distribution planning No file uploaded.
  • The overall objective of the Distribution System/Rural Electrification Master Plan assignment is to identify a least-cost and economically viable means to reinforce, upgrade and expand Nepal’s distribution system, including on- and off-grid options, to achieve universal access to electricity by 2023.
  • Distributed generation (solar)
  • Distributed generation (small hydro)
  • Distribution planning / Electrification master plan
44 2022 Long-tailed distributions and electrification planning: why we need to model the long tail of large consumers Lee, Stephen J.; Taneja, Jay Article Distribution planning No file uploaded. https://www.energyforgrowth.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Long-tailed-distributions-and-electrification-planning_-why-we-need-to-model-the-‘long-tail-of-large-consumers.pdf
  • Distribution planning / Electrification master plan
47 2022 Recommendations for the Planning of PV-Rich Distribution Networks: An Australian Case Study Nacmanson, William J.; Ochoa, Luis Nando Article Distribution planning No file uploaded. https://electrical.eng.unimelb.edu.au/power-energy/projects/pv-rich-distribution-networks#resources
  • This paper consolidates the findings from the “Advanced Planning of PV-Rich Distribution Networks” project and provides a series of planning recommendations to help distribution companies in Australia, and internationally, take adequate planning actions that facilitate the widespread adoption of residential photovoltaic (PV) systems in a costeffective and practical manner. A set of considerations are presented to perform an advanced model-based approach for solar PV hosting capacity and potential solution assessments in distribution networks. A summary of the seven investigated complete solutions and their costs for the four Australian fullymodelled high-voltage (HV) and corresponding attached lowvoltage (LV) feeders, forming integrated HV-LV feeders (including urban and rural), are presented, considering PV penetrations in both the short-to-medium and long terms.
  • The uploaded paper was accepted, not yet published. Check URL for the latest version of the paper.
  • Distributed generation (solar)
  • Distribution planning / Electrification master plan
80 2022 Unlocking the Potential of Distributed Energy Resources: Power system opportunities and best practices International Energy Agency Study Report Market-based and tariff-based solutions No file uploaded. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/3520710c-c828-4001-911c-ae78b645ce67/UnlockingthePotentialofDERs_Powersystemopportunitiesandbestpractices.pdf
  • DERs can create new power system opportunities, but at the same time, can pose new challenges when a grid has not been properly prepared. Many jurisdictions are just beginning to understand how DERs fit into the wider energy landscape – what they are and what impacts they have on the grid, and how they can be used to improve system reliability and reduce overall energy costs. Meanwhile, other regions have built up experience with DERs, demonstrating that they can provide valuable services to the grid when incentivised with appropriate technologies, policies and regulations. Nonetheless, not all countries use the same electricity market model or are at the same stage of DER penetration, and the fit-for-purpose solutions will vary from place to place. This report reviews lessons from forerunners and distils best practices (with examples and case studies) to help policymakers, regulators and system operators across the globe understand what experience is most relevant to their own situation. Readers will be able to draw on a wide range of practical insights for electricity market design and regulation to help unlock the multiple grid benefits of DER technologies.
  • Battery Energy Storage Systems
  • Electric vehicles
  • Distributed generation (solar)
  • Distributed generation (small hydro)
  • Distributed generation (others)
  • VPP and aggregators (market integration of DERs)
  • Distribution planning / Electrification master plan

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Grid simulation studies

ID Number Year Title Author Type of Entry Main Category Country Location within Country File Reference project name Journal or conference name URL Active management of distribution grid Enabling distributing technologies Market-based and Tariff-based solutions Connection agreement solutions Distribution planning Operation and maintenance Information exchange
7 2021 Study on Project to Grid and Project to Project Interconnection of Micro Hydro Practical Action Consulting Private Limited Study Report Distribution planning No file uploaded. Renewable Energy for Rural Areas II (RERA-II) project
  • Distributed generation (small hydro)
  • Technical requirements for connection (grid codes, standards)
  • Interconnection application procedures
  • Grid simulation studies
9 2021 Detailed Feasibility Study of Mini/Micro Hydropower Interconnected Mini Grid in Jumla NEA Engineering Company Limited Study Report Distribution planning Jumla No file uploaded. Renewable Energy for Rural Livelihood (RERL)
  • The project is focused on creating a mini grid by interconnecting several micro/mini hydropower in the vicinity of Jumla Bazar. Till date, Jumla Bazar is deprived of grid electricity. The expansion of electrical grid in Karnali Province is ongoing. National grid has been extended till Manma bazar. Karnali Provincial Office, Surkhet is extending the 33 kV lines under Dailekh Chilkha Jumla 33 kV Transmission Line and Substation Project. Jumla is expected to be connected to the central grid within next Fiscal Year. However, the mini grid would be a suitable solution for the present time. The mini grid should be able to connect to national gird in the future.
  • Distributed generation (small hydro)
  • Mini/micro-grids (when interconnected)
  • Technical requirements for connection (grid codes, standards)
  • Interconnection application procedures
  • Grid simulation studies
34 2020 Research Roadmap on Grid-Forming Inverters National Renewable Energy Laboratory Study Report Enabling distributed technologies No file uploaded. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/73476.pdf
  • This report is intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of the challenges in integrating inverter-based resources and offer recommendations on potential technology pathways to inform the academic community, industry, and government research organizations. This roadmap attempted to envision the key short- and long-term research-and-development needs for inverter-based resource grid-forming controls, protection, and modeling as part of hybrid grids.
  • Control Solutions
  • Inverter-specific aspects
  • Grid simulation studies
  • Protection coordination and adjustments
41 2019 An Overview of Distributed Energy Resource (DER) Interconnection: Current Practices and Emerging Solutions National Renewable Energy Laboratory Study Report Connection agreement solutions No file uploaded. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/72102.pdf
  • A comprehensive report. Includes sections: Interconnection Application Procedures and Management, Technical Screens for DER Interconnection, Advanced Inverters, IEEE 1547 (2003-2018), Strategies and Upgrades for Mitigating the Distribution System Impacts of DERs, Cost Allocation, Predicting Future DER Growth, Cybersecurity, and Storage and Solar + Storage Interconnection.
  • Inverter-specific aspects
  • Technical requirements for connection (grid codes, standards)
  • Interconnection application procedures
  • Grid simulation studies
45 2020 PV Generation Hosting Capacity in Dominican Distribution Grids Energynautics Study Report Distribution planning No file uploaded. https://transicionenergetica.do/2021/07/29/pv-generation-hosting-capacity-in-dominican-distribution-grids-full-study-available-in-english-now/
  • this study analyses the maximum PV penetration levels on a number of representative, real distribution feeders in the Dominican Republic and provides recommendations to improve the current regulatory landscape for distributed generation.
  • Control Solutions
  • Technical requirements for connection (grid codes, standards)
  • Interconnection application procedures
  • Grid simulation studies
  • Protection coordination and adjustments
46 2017 Do It Locally: Local Voltage Support by Distributed Generation – A Management Summary Fraunhofer IWES Study Report Distribution planning No file uploaded. IEA Task 14 Subtask 2 https://iea-pvps.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Task_14_Report__Do_It_Locally_IEA_Final_T14.08.pdf
  • Recommendations based on research and field experience on local voltage support by distributed generation, including impact on grid operation and planning, and advantages and disadvantages for the different reactive power and active power control strategies, which can assist decision-making for the application of local voltage support by DG.
  • Control Solutions
  • Technical requirements for connection (grid codes, standards)
  • Grid simulation studies
48 n/a Advanced Planning of PV-Rich Distribution Networks The University of Melbourne Web Page Distribution planning No file uploaded. https://electrical.eng.unimelb.edu.au/power-energy/projects/pv-rich-distribution-networks#resources
  • In this website, you will find papers, reports and webinars with recommendations for advanced planning of PV-rich distribution networks.
  • Grid simulation studies
49 2017 Optimizing the Grid: Regulator’s Guide to Hosting Capacity Analyses Interstate Renewable Energy Council Guidelines Distribution planning No file uploaded. https://irecusa.org/resources/optimizing-the-grid-regulators-guide-to-hosting-capacity-analyses/
  • Utility regulators play a key role in ensuring hosting capacity analyses are deployed strategically, prudently and for the benefit of all energy customers. This guide will assist state regulators in guiding and overseeing utilities as they conduct hosting capacity analyses on their distribution circuits, as part of a broader grid modernization or distribution planning efforts and/or in support of their state’s near- and long-term energy policy goals.
  • Please donwload file in the URL provided. User email required.
  • Battery Energy Storage Systems
  • Distributed generation (solar)
  • Interconnection application procedures
  • Grid simulation studies
51 2016 High-Penetration PV Integration Handbook for Distribution Engineers Electrical Distribution Design; National Renewable Energy Laboratory Guidelines Distribution planning No file uploaded. NREL/SCE Hi-Pen Project https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/63114.pdf
  • This handbook was developed for practicing distribution system engineers working in North America. The handbook is written to present the potential impacts of high-penetration PV integration, provide model-based analysis approaches for determining the level of PV impact and suggest potential mitigation measures that could be taken to reduce PV impacts to distribution system engineers with a working knowledge of distribution systems planning and operations. While the focused development of the handbook has been distribution system engineers, it is the authors’ hope that this handbook will find as wide a usage as possible potentially including personnel at all positions at a utility, by PV developers, researchers and even energy customers wanting a better understanding of the distribution system. While the research that produced this handbook was focused on the integration of utility-scale PV system (1-5 MW) much of the information contained in the following pages is also relevant for the integration of large numbers of small PV systems as are found in some residential neighborhoods throughout the country.
  • Grid simulation studies
  • Protection coordination and adjustments
52 2007 Protection coordination planning with distributed generation Qualsys Engco. Inc. Study Report Distribution planning No file uploaded. https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/canmetenergy/files/pubs/2007-149e.pdf
  • This study presents and demonstrates a generalized assessment procedure for determining the impact of the integration of DG on the protection practices of distribution systems. The developed method enables arriving at the penetration limit for DG, considering the most important protection impacts in terms of DG size, location and technology. The assessment considers the impact on coordination, de-sensitisation, nuisance fuse blowing, bidirectional relay requirements, and the impact of interconnection transformers and grounding practices [2]. In Final Report – CETC-Varennes 2007-149 (TR) 2 June 2007 addition, special attention has been made to the islanded mode of operation. The method is demonstrated using different types of distribution system configuration (urban, suburban and rural) based upon Canadian benchmark systems.
  • Distributed generation (solar)
  • Distributed generation (others)
  • Grid simulation studies
  • Protection coordination and adjustments
88 2017 Simulation of Hawaiian Electric Companies Feeder Operations with Advanced Inverters and Analysis of Annual Photovoltaic Energy Curtailment National Renewable Energy Laboratory Study Report Enabling distributed technologies Hawaii No file uploaded. Task No. WRHV.1000 https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy17osti/68681.pdf
  • Distributed generation (solar)
  • Inverter-specific aspects
  • Technical requirements for connection (grid codes, standards)
  • Grid simulation studies

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Protection coordination and adjustments

ID Number Year Title Author Type of Entry Main Category Country Location within Country File Reference project name Journal or conference name URL Active management of distribution grid Enabling distributing technologies Market-based and Tariff-based solutions Connection agreement solutions Distribution planning Operation and maintenance Information exchange
34 2020 Research Roadmap on Grid-Forming Inverters National Renewable Energy Laboratory Study Report Enabling distributed technologies No file uploaded. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/73476.pdf
  • This report is intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of the challenges in integrating inverter-based resources and offer recommendations on potential technology pathways to inform the academic community, industry, and government research organizations. This roadmap attempted to envision the key short- and long-term research-and-development needs for inverter-based resource grid-forming controls, protection, and modeling as part of hybrid grids.
  • Control Solutions
  • Inverter-specific aspects
  • Grid simulation studies
  • Protection coordination and adjustments
45 2020 PV Generation Hosting Capacity in Dominican Distribution Grids Energynautics Study Report Distribution planning No file uploaded. https://transicionenergetica.do/2021/07/29/pv-generation-hosting-capacity-in-dominican-distribution-grids-full-study-available-in-english-now/
  • this study analyses the maximum PV penetration levels on a number of representative, real distribution feeders in the Dominican Republic and provides recommendations to improve the current regulatory landscape for distributed generation.
  • Control Solutions
  • Technical requirements for connection (grid codes, standards)
  • Interconnection application procedures
  • Grid simulation studies
  • Protection coordination and adjustments
51 2016 High-Penetration PV Integration Handbook for Distribution Engineers Electrical Distribution Design; National Renewable Energy Laboratory Guidelines Distribution planning No file uploaded. NREL/SCE Hi-Pen Project https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/63114.pdf
  • This handbook was developed for practicing distribution system engineers working in North America. The handbook is written to present the potential impacts of high-penetration PV integration, provide model-based analysis approaches for determining the level of PV impact and suggest potential mitigation measures that could be taken to reduce PV impacts to distribution system engineers with a working knowledge of distribution systems planning and operations. While the focused development of the handbook has been distribution system engineers, it is the authors’ hope that this handbook will find as wide a usage as possible potentially including personnel at all positions at a utility, by PV developers, researchers and even energy customers wanting a better understanding of the distribution system. While the research that produced this handbook was focused on the integration of utility-scale PV system (1-5 MW) much of the information contained in the following pages is also relevant for the integration of large numbers of small PV systems as are found in some residential neighborhoods throughout the country.
  • Grid simulation studies
  • Protection coordination and adjustments
52 2007 Protection coordination planning with distributed generation Qualsys Engco. Inc. Study Report Distribution planning No file uploaded. https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/canmetenergy/files/pubs/2007-149e.pdf
  • This study presents and demonstrates a generalized assessment procedure for determining the impact of the integration of DG on the protection practices of distribution systems. The developed method enables arriving at the penetration limit for DG, considering the most important protection impacts in terms of DG size, location and technology. The assessment considers the impact on coordination, de-sensitisation, nuisance fuse blowing, bidirectional relay requirements, and the impact of interconnection transformers and grounding practices [2]. In Final Report – CETC-Varennes 2007-149 (TR) 2 June 2007 addition, special attention has been made to the islanded mode of operation. The method is demonstrated using different types of distribution system configuration (urban, suburban and rural) based upon Canadian benchmark systems.
  • Distributed generation (solar)
  • Distributed generation (others)
  • Grid simulation studies
  • Protection coordination and adjustments
53 2017 Protection coordination in distribution systems with and without distributed energy resources- a review Singh, Manohar Article Distribution planning No file uploaded. Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems https://pcmp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41601-017-0061-1
  • New protection coordination schemes are required for providing the adequate protection coordination for distributed energy resources connected electric power networks. In the available literature, the protection coordination schemes for radial distribution systems and developments in the area of protection coordination are discussed in detail. A thorough review for all these protection coordination schemes for distribution systems with and without distributed energy resources is done in this review article. It includes the analytical and artificial intelligence based techniques application for coordination of protective relays in the distribution systems. The limitations and research gaps in the area of protection coordination schemes are also presented in this review article. The aim of this research paper is to bring all the available research in the area of relay coordination on one platform, so that it will help the emerging researcher to identify the future scope of relay coordination application for distributed energy resources connected distribution systems.
  • Protection coordination and adjustments
76 2015 Guidelines for Implementing Advanced Distribution Management Systems. Requirements for DMS Integration with DERMS and Microgrids Argonne National Laboratory Guidelines Active management of distribution grid No file uploaded. https://publications.anl.gov/anlpubs/2015/08/120642.pdf
  • This guideline focuses on the integration of DMS with DERMS and microgrids connected to the distribution grid by defining generic and fundamental design and implementation principles and strategies. It starts by addressing the current status, objectives, and core functionalities of each system, and then discusses the new challenges and the common principles of DMS design and implementation for integration with DERMS and microgrids to realize enhanced grid operation reliability and quality power delivery to consumers while also achieving the maximum energy economics from the DER and microgrid connections.
  • DERMS
  • Monitoring Solutions
  • Control Solutions
  • Mini/micro-grids (when interconnected)
  • Protection coordination and adjustments

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Centralised information database (e.g. DER register, GIS, etc.)

ID Number Year Title Author Type of Entry Main Category Country Location within Country File Reference project name Journal or conference name URL Active management of distribution grid Enabling distributing technologies Market-based and Tariff-based solutions Connection agreement solutions Distribution planning Operation and maintenance Information exchange
19 2020 Data Model and Data Acquisition for PV registration schemes and grid connection evaluations – Best Practice and Recommendations IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme Task 1 and 14 Members Study Report Information exchange No file uploaded. IEA PVPS Task 1 & Task 14 https://iea-pvps.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020_11_30-PVPS-T1-T14-Data-Model-for-PV-Systems.pdf
  • This report shows how different countries deal with the DER data collection, with a focus on PV systems. This report also provides a complete overview of all the relevant aspects that need to be addressed and foresee information that will be relevant in the future.
  • ISBN 978-3-906042-98-5
  • Monitoring Solutions
  • Distributed generation (solar)
  • Centralised information database (e.g. DER register, GIS, etc.)
54 n/a AEMO DER Register Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) Web Page Distribution planning No file uploaded. https://aemo.com.au/energy-systems/electricity/der-register
  • This is AEMO's website with information on Austalia's DER Register. The DER Register is a database of information about DER devices installed in the NEM that is foundational to AEMO’s Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Program. The visibility of installed DER devices allows AEMO to better manage the electricity grid and ensure reliable, secure and affordable energy for all Australians. The DER Register stores information about a DER device installed on-site at a residential or business location. This information will be requested by Network Services Providers (or network operators) from qualified electrical contractors and solar installers at the time of the DER installation.
  • Battery Energy Storage Systems
  • Electric vehicles
  • Distributed generation (solar)
  • Distributed generation (small hydro)
  • Distributed generation (others)
  • Centralised information database (e.g. DER register, GIS, etc.)
55 2020 Data Model and Data Acquisition for PV registration schemes and grid connection evaluations – Best Practice and Recommendations IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Task 1 and 14 members Study Report Distribution planning No file uploaded. IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Task 1 and 14 https://iea-pvps.org/key-topics/data-model-and-data-acquisition-for-pv-registration-schemes-and-grid-connection-best-practice-and-recommendations/
  • This report shows how different countries deal with the DER data collection, with a focus on PV systems. This report also provides a complete overview of all the relevant aspects that need to be addressed and foresee information that will be relevant in the future. A growing trend towards centralised databases can be observed, in several countries, the owner of DER are obliged to register their systems in a central database and to keep this register up to date. However, the data model and thereby the level of detail in the individual registers varies a lot. Data of PV plants are necessary for a range of use cases. Policy makers should know the impact of policies on the market, FIT agencies must know exactly which system produces how much energy, and system operators must be able to calculate the impact of the PV system to their grid, to name just a few. In this report, the different use cases are addressed and recommendations for the implementation of a database are given.
  • Distributed generation (solar)
  • Centralised information database (e.g. DER register, GIS, etc.)
89 n/a Embedded capacity register Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks Web Page Distribution planning South of England, North of Scotland No file uploaded. https://www.ssen.co.uk/our-services/tools-and-maps/embedded-capacity-register/
  • Register for generation and storage resources above 1MW connected to the distribution system.
  • Centralised information database (e.g. DER register, GIS, etc.)
95 2020 GPS based GIS survey and mapping as a pilot project for 1 feeder of Bhaktapur substation Comtroncis Pvt. Ltd Study Report Distribution planning Nagarkot No file uploaded. Nepal Energy Efficiency Program III
  • Centralised information database (e.g. DER register, GIS, etc.)
96 2018 Upgradation, Implementation and Piloting of Online Data Portal for NEA's Distribution System Upveda Technology Pvt. Ltd Study Report Distribution planning No file uploaded. Nepal Energy Efficiency Programme 3
  • Monitoring Solutions
  • Centralised information database (e.g. DER register, GIS, etc.)

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Disaster management and resilience

ID Number Year Title Author Type of Entry Main Category Country Location within Country File Reference project name Journal or conference name URL Active management of distribution grid Enabling distributing technologies Market-based and Tariff-based solutions Connection agreement solutions Distribution planning Operation and maintenance Information exchange
56 2022 Making urban power distribution systems climate-resilient Yue, Yunfeng (ADB) Article Distribution planning No file uploaded. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/799071/sawp-093-urban-power-distribution-systems-climate-resilient.pdf
  • This working paper investigates solutions that can contribute to building a strong, robust, and resilient power distribution network. First, it describes the major internal and external risks and challenges that urban power systems face. The paper outlines vulnerabilities against the main features of building resilient power distribution networks. Second, it puts forward a range of detailed solutions based on case studies that highlight the capacity of risk perception, system flexibility, hardware endurance, emergency response, and outage recovery. Third, it describes the role of renewable energy and microgrid in improving the resilience of future power distribution networks.
  • Mini/micro-grids (when interconnected)
  • Disaster management and resilience
57 2019 Stronger Power: Improving Power Sector Resilience to Natural Hazards The World Bank Study Report Distribution planning No file uploaded. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/31910/Stronger-Power-Improving-Power-Sector-Resilience-to-Natural-Hazards.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • This paper, prepared as a sectoral note for the Lifelines report on infrastructure resilience, investigates the vulnerability of the power system to natural hazards and climate change, and provides recommendations to increase its resilience. It first describes how power outages are often the consequence of natural disasters and outlines the main vulnerabilities of the power sector. It then proposes a range of approaches and solutions for building a more resilient power sector – from increased robustness to greater flexibility – showing that the additional cost of resilience is not high if resources are well spent. Finally, it describes how emergency preparedness and disaster recovery encompass not only technical aspects, like asset strengthening or criticality analysis, but also “softer” skills, like governance, regulatory or capacity building, and education.
  • Disaster management and resilience
58 2016 Climate Change and the Electricity Sector: Guide for Assessing Vulnerabilities and Developing Resilience Solutions to Sea Level Rise U.S. Department of Energy Guidelines Distribution planning No file uploaded. http://www.ourenergypolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Climate-Change-and-the-Electricity-Sector-Guide-for-Assessing-Vulnerabilities-and-Developing-Resilience-Solutions-to-Sea-Level-Rise-July-2016.pdf
  • This report was prepared to provide guidance for analyzing climate resilience challenges and opportunities in the power sector. The document is intended to be relevant to public and private sector stakeholders―particularly, the electricity sector―who are interested in evaluating how climate change hazards may impact the ability to provide service and implement measures to enhance resilience to climate change. The reference is limited to coastal climate hazards of flooding and permanent inundation due to SLR, as well as flooding from storm surge associated with extreme storm events. The document includes examples of climate resilience challenges and opportunities related to generation, transmission, and distribution assets, recognizing that the affected sectors may have different responsibilities for different types of assets or portions of the overall electricity system. This report provides principles that are meant to apply broadly to key aspects of any climate resilience analysis rather than instructions for a specific analysis. It also includes general reference on how to estimate the costs and benefits of resilience measures but does not serve as a manual for calculating economic benefits of resilience measures.
  • Disaster management and resilience
59 2019 Extreme Weather and Climate Vulnerabilities of the Electric Grid: A Summary of Environmental Sensitivity Quantification Methods Oak Ridge National Laboratory Study Report Distribution planning No file uploaded. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/09/f67/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory_EIS_Response.pdf
  • Climate hazards and extreme weather affect all components of the electric grid system, from generation to end use. Increasing temperatures, decreasing water availability, more intense storm events, and sea level rise affect the ability of the electric grid to produce and transmit electricity from fossil, nuclear, and existing and emerging renewable energy sources. Most electricity infrastructure is built for past or current climate conditions. Due to long lifetimes, electricity systems are likely to be exposed more frequently to more extreme climate conditions than those for which they were designed, and may not operate as intended under changing climate conditions. Utilities, regulators, state energy offices, and other electricity system planners are beginning to conduct environmental risk assessments, develop climate resilience plans, and incorporate changing climate conditions into long-term planning processes. Here, we highlight the analytical resources available for sensitivity assessment of electrical grid components under extreme weather and climate, and identify gaps in the literature on quantitative methods available for assessment of component vulnerability.
  • Disaster management and resilience

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